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Operations Management Managing Global Supply Chains 1st edition Ray R. Venkataraman, Jeffrey K. Pinto - Solutions
Explain the drum-buffer-rope concept.
An engine repair shop has the following jobs waiting to be processed. Jobs are listed in the order in which they arrived:1. Use the following sequencing rules to determine the order in which the jobs should be processed: FCFS, EDD, SPT, and LPT.2. For each of these rules, determine the average flow
What is the difference between a process batch and a transfer batch?
Shila Nathan, the hospital administrator for a hospital in Chennai, India, has to devise for the coming week a workforce schedule for nurses in the orthopedic department of the hospital. The daily requirements of nurses for the week are given in the following table:Help Shila create a workforce
In what ways is scheduling for services different from scheduling in the manufacturing environment?
Use Johnson€™s Rule to obtain the optimum sequence of job processing for the following jobs through a two-machine flow shop. Each job must follow the sequence of job processing€” machine-1 first, followed by machine-2. All job times listed are in hours: Job Machine-2 Machine-1
What is yield management and what ethical issues does an organization have to deal with in using this scheduling strategy?
A local bakery makes custom cakes for special events such as weddings and graduation. Making cakes is a two-step process of baking and decorating. The bakery has received eight orders, and the times required in hours for baking and decorating for each order are given in the following table:1.
What is supply chain scheduling, and what are its key features and benefits?
A publisher has eight book manuscripts to be processed through two operations in the following order: printing first and then binding. Processing times in hours for these two operations for each of the book manuscripts are given in the following table. Determine the sequence that will minimize the
Describe some of the sustainability and ethical issues that organizations have to contend with in making scheduling decisions.
A machine shop has seven jobs to be processed through two work centers in the following order: milling and then grinding. The start and finish times in hours for each job for each operation are given in the following table:Determine a sequence that will minimize the total completion time of all
A local painting firm has contracted five interior house painting jobs. The extent of work involved will vary as the houses are of different sizes, have different painting requirements, and are in different states of repair. Each painting job will have to go through a two-step process of
Amy Campbell, the manager of a restaurant in Istanbul, Turkey, needs help scheduling her wait staff for next week. The amount of wait staff needed for each day of the week is given in the following table:1. Help Amy create a workforce schedule that will meet the daily requirements with the minimum
Mary Dexter needs help scheduling volunteers working at a soup kitchen in Chicago. Develop a schedule that will meet the demand requirement with the constraint that each volunteer will work only four days a week: Tuesday Thursday Friday Day Monday Sunday Wednesday Saturday Volunteers required 4
Use the assignment method to determine the optimum assignment of workers to jobs, given the following profit information. Compute the total profit of this assignment: Jobs (in U.S. dollars) 2 Workers 4 A 12 10 8. 10 15 13 10 10 7. 11 14
Given the following data on planned and actual inputs and outputs of an automobile service center in terms of standard hours of work, determine the cumulative deviation and the backlog for each period. The beginning backlog is 10 standard hours of work:
Shyam Nathan, a hospital administrator, needs help scheduling the nurses of his hospital for next week. The amount of nurses needed for each day of the week is given in the following table:1. Help Shyam create a workforce schedule that will meet the daily requirements with the minimum of nurses
A machine shop has seven jobs to be processed through a two-step process. The processing times in hours for each job for each operation are given in the following table. Determine the job sequence that will minimize the total time required to complete the jobs: Step 1 Step 2 Job Processing Time
Virender Sehwag, the manager of a homeless shelter, wants to develop a staffing schedule for volunteers working at the shelter given the following requirements. Determine a volunteer schedule with the minimum number of volunteers needed to meet the daily requirements. Give volunteers any two days
Sunil Roberts, the manager of a restaurant, wants to develop a staffing schedule given the following employee requirements. Determine an employee schedule with the minimum number of employees needed to meet the daily requirements. Give employees two consecutive days off, not including Sundays:
A service center has the planned and actual inputs and outputs (in standard hours of work) shown in the following table. Given a beginning backlog of 13 standard hours of work, compute the actual backlog of work each day: 3 Day Planned input Actual input 5' 30 28 30 25 30 25 32 31 26 Planned output
Given the following processing times and due dates for six jobs, determine the optimum sequence using the following rules: FCFS, SPT, EDD, and CR. Due Date (in hours) Processing Time (in hours) Job 2.5 1.0 3.5 17 4.0 21 1.5 5.0 19
Another machine shop has five jobs to be processed through three operations: lathing, grinding, and drilling. The hours required to process these jobs for each of the three operations are shown in the following table:1. Sequence the jobs using the SPT and the LPT rules.2. Prepare a Gantt chart for
Solve the following linear programming problem using the graphical method:Maximize Profits = $8S + $12TSubject to2S + 4T ≤ 1610S + 8T ≤ 40S, T ≥ 0
1. Set up Ross’s challenge as a linear programming (LP) problem. Identify the critical decision variables, objective function, and constraints.2. What is the optimal combination of drinks that Ross must sell to maximize his profits each week?While attending college, Ross Tylman worked as a
State the conditions under which linear programming can be used as a decision making tool.
Consider the following linear programming model:Maximize Profits = $6X + $5YSubject to3X + 2Y ≤ 24 (hours of fabrication time)2X + 4Y ≤ 40 (hours of assembly time)X, Y ≥ 01. What are the optimal solution values of the decision variables?2. How much slack does each constraint have, and what do
What does the term “linear” refer to in linear programming?
Solve the following linear programming problem using the graphical method:Minimize Costs = 4X1 + 6X2Subject to8X1 + 4X2 ≥ 40 (ounces of ingredient A)4X1 + 12X2 ≥ 36 (ounces of ingredient B)2X1 + 4X2 ≤ 24 (ounces of ingredient C)X1, X2 ≥ 0
How is the feasible solution region defined on the graph of a linear programming model?
Consider the following linear programming model:Minimize Costs = $2P + $3RSubject to2.5P + 4R ≥ 100 (units of calcium)7.5P + 3R ≥ 120 (units of calories)2P + 6R ≥ 90 (units of protein)R ≥ 5 (ounces)P, R ≥ 01. What are the optimal solution values of the decision variables?2. How much
Discuss briefly the steps involved in formulating a linear programming model.
Elixir Juice Company produces four types of juice cocktails: mango juice, orange juice, pine apple juice, and a mixed fruit juice. Elixir Juice receives the required ingredients to make these juice cocktails every day, and sells them to grocery stores. The cost of these ingredients per gallon and
Refer to Example A.3.1. Solve this product mixture problem using Excel Solver. What are the optimum solution values?2. Interpret the €œallowable increase€ and €œallowable decrease€ values for the objective function coefficients.3. Interpret the values of
What are the steps to be followed in the graphical method of solving linear programming problems?
Refer to Example A.4.1. Solve this blending problem using Excel Solver. What are the optimum solution values?2. Interpret the €œallowable increase€ and €œallowable decrease€ values for the objective function coefficients.3. Interpret the values of the
What are the limitations of the graphical method of solving linear programming problems?
Refer to Example A.5.1. Solve this personnel scheduling problem using Excel Solver. What are the optimum solution values?2. Interpret the €œallowable increase€ and €œallowable decrease€ values for the objective function coefficients.3. Interpret the values
What do iso-profit and iso-cost lines refer to in the graphical approach to solving linear programming problems?
Kiran More, a farmer in India, has 20 acres of farming land to grow wheat and rice. Kiran has a limited amount of money and can spend only $3,200 to plant the crops. The cost of planting an acre of wheat is $400, and the cost to plant an acre of rice is $200. Kiran wants to plant at least 10 acres
What does moving the objective function line to the boundaries of the feasible solution space mean in a maximization linear programming problem?
A copper extraction company in South Africa extracts copper from two sources: P and N. For optimum capacity utilization, the extraction company’s plant should process at least four tons of copper ore per day. The cost per ton to process the ore from source P is $16, and the cost per ton to
What does the term shadow price mean in the linear programming sensitivity analysis output obtained using Excel Solver?
A fertilizer manufacturer has orders for 900 tons of a certain fertilizer from Chicago, Illinois, and 600 tons from Omaha, Nebraska. The company has 1,050 tons of this fertilizer in a warehouse in Springfield, Missouri, and 1,200 tons in a warehouse in Madison, Wisconsin. It costs $10 to ship a ton
What do the terms allowable increase and allowable decrease refer to in the linear programming sensitivity analysis output obtained using Excel Solver?
What are some possible effects that adding an additional constraint can have on the feasible solution space and the optimal values of a linear programming solution?
A cattle rancher in Australia wants to determine a least-cost diet to feed the cattle on his ranch. The diet, however, must contain certain minimum amounts of the following four essential nutrients: fat, carbohydrates, protein, and calcium. These components can be found in three types of cattle
A furniture manufacturer produces high-quality end tables and chairs using mahogany wood. An end table produced by the furniture manufacturer yields a profit of $15 per table, and each chair yields a profit of $20. During any given week of production, resources in the form of 100 hours of skilled
Duke Manufacturing produces both baseballs and cricket balls on a weekly basis. The resources needed to produce baseballs and cricket balls are leather, cutting, and dyeing time, as well as sewing and packaging time. Each baseball requires 0.5 square feet of leather, and each cricket ball requires
A gold mining company extracts gold from mine A and mine B. Both mines produce three grades of gold: high, medium, and low. The cost to mine a ton of gold from mine A is $300, and from mine B, it is $200. Mine A yields 4 tons of high-grade gold for each day of operation, and mine B yields 3 tons.
Deluxe Chemicals produces two types of photo developing chemicals—D78 and R45. The cost to produce D78 is $2, and for R45, it is $1. Based on next month’s forecasts of demand for these chemicals, Deluxe Chemicals Management has decided to produce at least 40 gallons of D78 and 30 gallons of
Karen Stanley, the fictional superintendent of education of Erie County, Pennsylvania, has the responsibility of assigning students to three high schools in her county and to provide bus transportation to several of the students living in various suburbs. Karen has partitioned Erie County into
Asean Aromatics, a manufacturer of perfumes and aromatic oils in India, has three manufacturing plants in Trichy, Vijayawada, and Mysore, and warehouses in Chennai, Cochin, and Vizag. The following table shows the shipping costs per hundred gallons between each manufacturing plant and warehouse,
Filbeck Investments manages the money invested by several wealthy clients. The company tailors its investment strategy based on the client’s risk tolerance and desire for the return on investment. Sanath Kumar, an investor, has authorized Filbeck Investments to invest $1 million in stocks and
Tasty Eateries is a restaurant that is open 24 hours a day. Restaurant employees report for work at 2 a.m., 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. The employees work on eight-hour shifts, and the following table shows the minimum number of employees needed for each of the six time
You are a supply chain expert hired by Tru-Blade to help its managers make this location decision. For the alternative plant locations, determine the shipping patterns that will minimize total transportation costs. Where should the new plant be located? Why?The Tru-Blade Ski Company makes downhill
For the following transportation problem, use the northwest corner rule to find an initial feasible solution and then the stepping stone method to find an optimum solution: To A Capacity From $5 $7 30 $8 $5 40 $2 $6 $7 $8 3 80 $9 100 Demand 30 20 150 2.
What are the three pieces of information required to formulate a transportation model?
For the following transportation problem, use the matrix least cost method to find an initial feasible solution and then the stepping stone method to find an optimum solution: To Capacity A. From $3 $3 14 $4 $7 $3 16 $2 $4 $2 $5 18 Demand 12 15 21 38 2.
What are the five major assumptions required for transportation modeling?
For the following transportation problem, use the northwest corner rule to find an initial feasible solution and then the stepping stone method to find an optimum solution: To Capacity A From $4 $4 27 $7 $6 $5 25 $9 3 $6 $5 23 $8 24 Demand 25 26 75 2.
What is the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced transportation problem?
An electronics company has manufacturing plants at locations A, B, and C. The company ships a computer component manufactured in these plants to warehouses at locations X, Y, and Z. Unit shipping costs in $, plant capacities, and demand requirements from the warehouses are given in the following
List the four “steps” of the northwest corner rule.
J & K Timber Supply Company ships oak flooring from three of its mills in Jodhpur, Bhopal, and Nagpur to three warehouses in Chennai, New Delhi, and Chandigarh. Shipping costs in $ per ton, mill capacities, and demand requirements from the warehouses are given in the following table:1. Use the
List the four “steps” of the matrix least cost method.
A trucking company has to move 120 tons of concrete from three supply sources (A, B, and C) to three road construction project sites (X, Y, and Z). Shipping costs in $ per truck load, supply capacities, and demand requirements from the project sites are given in the following table:1. Use the
Why does the matrix least cost method gives a better initial solution than the northwest corner rule does?
The following transportation matrix provides an initial feasible solution to a transportation problem. Perform one iteration of the stepping stone method to find an improved solution. What is the reduction in total cost of this improved solution? To From Dallas Fargo Erie Capacity 400 Cleveland $10
What is the implication of getting a negative value of improvement index for a closed path?
The following transportation matrix provides an initial feasible solution to a transportation problem. Perform one iteration of the stepping stone method to find an improved solution. What is the reduction in total cost of this improved solution? To From Capacity 200 $5 $2 $3 $8 200 $7 $6 $8 600
For a balanced transportation problem, what are the two criteria for a nondegenerate optimum solution?
Refer to Example B.1. Reformulate the Orion Electronics Company transportation problem as a linear programming model.
What does the term degeneracy mean in the context of transportation modeling, and what problems does it create in applying the stepping stone method?
Refer to problem 5. Reformulate that transportation problem as a linear programming model.Data from problem 5J & K Timber Supply Company ships oak flooring from three of its mills in Jodhpur, Bhopal, and Nagpur to three warehouses in Chennai, New Delhi, and Chandigarh. Shipping costs in $ per
Cool Air Inc. currently manufactures room air conditioners in its Chicago and Baton Rouge plants. The company ships its air conditioners to three warehouses in Boston, Tucson, and Denver. As a result of increasing demand for the company€™s air conditioners, Hari Prasad, the company owner,
In the stepping stone method, what is the rationale for placing alternate + and – signs around the closed path?
National Energy Inc. supplies natural gas to customers to three counties in Pennsylvania€”Erie, Franklin, and Venango. National Energy receives natural gas from three suppliers€”Energy Efficient, Northeast Gas, and Western Gas. Expected demand for natural gas for the upcoming
Why do we create dummy supply sources or dummy demand destinations in transportation modeling problems?
Ranbaxy Chemicals produces a synthetic resin that is manufactured in two of the company€™s plants in Colorado Springs and Dayton. Four distributors from Buffalo, Atlanta, New Orleans, and Seattle belonging to different industries have placed orders that exceed the combined capacity of the
Pennington Hardwood Lumber Supplier has three lumber mills in San Jose, Dayton, and Boston that manufacture pre-cut hardwood. These pre-cut hardwood are shipped to building warehouses in Cleveland, Orlando, Denver, San Diego, and New York for further distribution. The following table shows the
Refer to problem 14. Reformulate that transportation problem as a linear programming model.Data from problem 14Pennington Hardwood Lumber Supplier has three lumber mills in San Jose, Dayton, and Boston that manufacture pre-cut hardwood. These pre-cut hardwood are shipped to building warehouses in
Neptune Enterprises manufactures central processing units (CPUs) for a line of personal computers. Currently, the CPUs are manufactured in three existing plants in Raleigh, Akron, and Cedar Rapids. The company is considering adding a fourth plant in one of two locations: Mobile or Atlanta. Relevant
Consider the following transportation matrix that has an initial feasible solution obtained using the northwest corner rule. It is impossible to apply the stepping stone method to this matrix in its current form. What is the term used to label this condition? How would you overcome this condition
The following transportation matrix provides a degenerate initial feasible solution to a transportation problem. Apply the necessary fix to overcome the degenerate condition, and perform one iteration of the stepping stone method to find an improved solution. What is the reduction in total cost of
You have been hired as a consultant by a refrigerator manufacturer to evaluate the freight costs of motors needed for assembly of the company€™s refrigerators. Relevant data on plant capacities, warehouse demands, and shipping cost per unit between each plant and warehouse are provided in
Refer to problem 19. Reformulate that transportation problem as a linear programming model.Data from problem 19You have been hired as a consultant by a refrigerator manufacturer to evaluate the freight costs of motors needed for assembly of the company€™s refrigerators. Relevant data on
List some reasons why waiting lines occur.
A grocery store in a small town has a single check-out counter to service its customers. Customers wait in a single line at the checkout counter and are served on a first-come, first-served basis. On average, 25 customers per hour arrive at the checkout counter and customer arrivals are assumed to
1. What does this case suggest about the way in which operations and queuing models must also address the psychology of waiting lines in formulating methods for minimizing wait?2. Think of a long wait that you experienced in the past week. How would one or more of these attributes of waiting have
The Canara Bank drive-in teller window can serve a customer at an average of 4 minutes per customer. Service time has a negative exponential distribution. Customers arrive in their cars at a rate (Poisson distributed) of 12 per hour and form a single waiting line:1. Determine the average waiting
Define in your own words “Little’s Law.” Why is it applicable to a wide variety of queuing systems?
A local department of motor vehicles has an automated photographic machine that imprints the photographic image on to the license card including the lamination of the complete card. Drivers arrive at the photographic machine according to a Poisson distribution at an average rate of 12 per hour. The
What are some of the undesirable consequences of a waiting line?
The student recreation center of a state university has only one coffee shop. Students arrive at the coffees shop at an average rate of 35 per hour according to a Poisson distribution. The only employee at the coffee shop takes an average of 90 seconds to service one student. Determine the
For most waiting line systems, the first-come, first-served (FCFS) rule is the most frequent assumption of queue discipline. Give some examples of waiting line systems where this assumption would not be appropriate.
What are the cost implications of managing waiting lines?
List the four key features of a waiting line system.
The local driver license center uses a single-server, single-line, single-phase system when processing license renewals. Customers arrive at the facility according to a Poisson distribution at the rate of 10 customers per hour. The time to process a license renewal is an average of 4 minutes per
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