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organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior
The obvious way to resolve the deskilling debate is to ask individual employees whether they think that their job now possesses a higher or lower level of skill requirement and responsibility
Study the organizational chart of the American Paint Company. The company has grown over recent years without much attention being paid to its organization structure. There are now at least fifteen
Consider an organization with which you are familiar – e.g. a school, university, church, or current employer. Give one example each of specialist, specialized, generalized, and generalist work.
Is concertive control a totally new form of control over employees, or does it represent a modification and updating of traditional Taylorist and Fordist ideas?
Is hierarchical control an inevitable part of organization design or just a management convenience? Discuss.
Imagine that you are designing an organization structure for your new business – a café, bakery, travel agency, or similar, single shop on the high street.1. What are the specific tasks to be
Consider the behaviour of the instructor teaching this course. Identify aspects of their behaviour that you like and do not like. Decide whether these positive and negative behaviours are influenced
Why do organization structures differ? Which is the best organization structure?
1. What are the main organization structure concepts/key terms? Can you define them? 2. Read the case study Human button, and look for examples of these. 3. What are this organization’s goals?
Can a lecturer’s span of control (class size) ever be too narrow or too wide? What factors determine the number of students that a single instructor can deal with in terms of teaching, assessment,
Suggest how a manager’s role might be affected by the seniority of his or her position in the hierarchy, the industry sector, and organizational size
What are the costs and benefits for those involved in romances at work? Should a company ignore or actively discourage romantic relationships between its employees? What can senior management do to
1. Remind yourself of Mintzberg’s ten management roles and Fayol’s six managerial activities. 2. Form groups and nominate a spokesperson. 3. Read the case Debra’s diary and then: (a)
Why might companies and business academics be reluctant to admit to the existence of sexuality within the workplace? What negative consequences might it have for them?
It is common for people to refer to an organizational title or position (e.g. supervisor, scientist, manager) as the supervisor’s role, scientist’s role and manager’s role, as though it were
Identify any two roles that you currently occupy simultaneously in different social contexts, e.g. work, home, leisure. Identify a role conflict that you regularly experience as a result of such
Think of some of the rules that you have encountered in organizations to which you currently belong, or to which you used to belong. How effective are they in directing the behaviour of individuals?
As a shop-floor employee, would you prefer your company to be centralized or decentralized? Why?
Commentators argue that both too much and too little bureaucracy in an organization de-motivate employees and cause them stress. How can this be?
Use the internet to familiarize yourself with the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World – the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Statute of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having management principles based on the experience of successful managers?
How does uncertainty affect the successful operation of rationally designed organization structures such as those proposed by Weber and Fayol?
TechTarget Inc. is an online information technology interactive media company based in Needham, Massachusetts that employs 210 staff. Founded in 1999, it became a public $100 million company in 2007,
Woodward’s classification of technologies is based on the manufacture of products. How well does it fit the provision of services? Consider services such as having your windows cleaned, buying a
Define and distinguish differentiation and integration. Using an example from your experience or reading, illustrate these two processes in operation, and highlight some of the problems that can be
How do the three sports of American football, basketball, and baseball link to Thompson’s three types of task interdependence?
Explain how technology and environment might influence the structure of an organization. Consider their effect on coordinating activities.
How well are the activities performed by your educational institution differentiated and integrated? Identify the problems and recommend solutions that would improve organizational performance from
Select an organization that you have read about or have first-hand experience of. What are the critical resources required for its continued operation?
As you read each of the following 18 statements , ask yourself whether or not it applies to you, and answer (tick) ‘yes’ or ‘no’ accordingly. You will of course occasionally feel that you
Choose two different television programmes which include interviews: news, political commentary, magazine programmes, chat shows. It does not matter whether the interview is about news information,
You are responsible for training the new shelf-stacker in your local supermarket. What combination of behaviour modification and socialization techniques will you use, and how will you apply these?
The Big Five Locator is an easy-to-use instrument for assessing an individual’s personality profile (Howard and Howard, 1993). The short version shown here for demonstration should be seen as
An organization doesn’t exist without its members. How can an organization ‘learn’?
Let us assume that you are learning during your organizational behaviour course. Is this single-loop learning, or double-loop learning? Which of these two types of learning should you be engaged in?
It may be obvious that we all like to win and hate to lose, but it seems that some of us actually find winning stressful. To assess your own views, take the following test. Rate how you feel you
Are you a Type A or a Type B? Do you suffer from: alcohol abuse, excessive smoking, dizziness, upset stomach, headaches, fatigue, sweating, bad breath? If ‘yes’, these could be stress responses
What is psychometrics, and what are the main applications? What are the benefits and drawbacks of psychometric assessment in organizational contexts?
Interview two managers who are involved in recruiting and selecting candidates for jobs in their organizations. Choose two different types of organization for this assignment: for example, large and
List the ten words or phrases that best describe the most important features of your individual identity. These features could concern your social roles, physical characteristics, intellectual
What is ‘personality’ and why is this term difficult to define clearly?
What is the difference between ‘type’ and ‘trait’ theories of personality? Using at least one example of a trait theory, explain the benefits and problems associated with this approach to
At your next job interview, you are asked ‘Why should we employ you?’. The first part of your answer concerns your knowledge and skills. The second part of your answer concerns your personality.
Explain the distinction between nomothetic and idiographic views of personality. How do idiographic methods assess personality, and what are the advantages and drawbacks of these methods?
What is social intelligence, and why are these capabilities now seen as ranking in importance with general intelligence, especially for managers?
We all have experience of ineffective communication. Either the other person misunderstood what you had to say, or you misunderstood them. Remember the last time this happened. What went wrong? What
What other expressions create coding and decoding problems? Identify examples – which can be humorous, as with the man who asked for wild duck in a restaurant and was told by the waiter ‘I
1. Individual analysis: Read these sets of statements on your own, without discussing them with colleagues. In each case decide, as the supervisor: • Which of the four statements is the best, and
What are the main problems affecting the communication process, and how can these problems be solved?
With whom do you communicate often? What prevents effective communication in your experience? How can you improve the effectiveness of your communication?
Explain, with appropriate examples, the questioning techniques which we use to obtain information from others, and the conversation control methods that we use to ensure that our interactions run
Record a television police drama, a magazine programme, or a news broadcast. Watch somebody being interviewed: for example, police interviewing suspect, host interviewing celebrity, or news reader
What is non-verbal communication, and what part does it play in human interaction in general and in organizational settings in particular?
Say out loud exactly the same sentence, ‘This is a really interesting textbook’, in two different ways, with opposite meanings.
Is impression management simply a form of deceit? What in your view are the ethical problems raised by the advice that we should consciously manipulate the impression that others have of us through
How does your educational institution use rewards and sanctions to influence the decisions that you make about the nature and direction of your studies? What ‘signals’ do teaching staff send in
How would you describe the communication climate of your educational institution? Of an organization where you have recently worked? Of your current employer?
Explain the distinction between sensation and perception. What is the significance of this distinction?
Look carefully at the style of dress and appearance of the instructors in your educational institution, across all the subjects that you are studying. How does their appearance affect your
1. Break into groups of three. 2. Your instructor will give you five or six photographs of people, taken from recent newspapers and magazines. You have 5 minutes to work out as much as you can about
Choose a film that you have seen recently, and which you particularly enjoyed. Now find a friend or colleague who has seen the same film, and who hated it. Share your views of that film. What factors
What is the individual’s perceptual world? What factors influence this construct, and how does an understanding of someone’s perceptual world help us to understand their behaviour?
Organizational culture influences how employees dress for work. Think about what clothes your bosses and co-workers wear at your current or recent workplace. How do your university lecturers dress?
If you were the host of an overseas business visitor (decide whether male or female) who was unaware of your country’s culture, what two things would you advise that person to do and not do, so as
What part do feedback and reinforcement play in the cognitive and behaviourist approaches to learning?
Review your understanding of social learning theory, behaviour modelling, and the concept of provisional selves. How do these approaches explain the ways in which new employees learn about the
Two or three volunteers will receive reinforcement from the rest of the class while performing a simple task. The volunteers leave the room while the class is being briefed.The instructor identifies
Draw your own learning curve for this organizational behaviour course. Why is it that shape? What would be your ideal learning curve look like? How could you change the shape of this learning curve?
Describe and illustrate the technique of organizational behaviour modification, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.
Branto Bakery is a large company producing a range of bakery products for the major supermarkets. Analysis by the human resources department has revealed that the sales and administration departments
Some airlines, concerned about the cost of fuel, want to encourage passengers to carry less luggage (a lighter plane uses less fuel). One approach is to allow passengers with hand luggage only to
Why are positive and negative reinforcement more effective than punishment? In what circumstances can punishment be effective in changing behaviour?
Can you recognize conditioned responses in your own behaviour? Is there a particular song, or a smell (perfume or after shave, or food cooking), that makes you think of another person, another place,
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the learning organization in practice, first from a management perspective, and then from an employee perspective? Why should there be any difference
To what extent should the criteria for effective punishment be used by managers when disciplining employees in an organizational context?
From your own experience, identify an example of each of the four varieties of feedback. What changes in that feedback would be required for you to be able to improve your performance (on this
How do you feel about being given food, T-shirts, and praise for working harder? Do you regard this approach as practical, or as demeaning – and why?
Think of two people who you have observed recently – one a real person, the other a character in a movie or a television programme. How have they influenced you? Which of their behaviours have you
Remember when you first joined this college or university; how did you feel about the formal socialization or induction process? To what informal, unplanned socialization were you exposed? Which had
Sam and Bob are research scientists in the Greenhill Rubber Company product development laboratory. Sam, who is introverted, quiet, and serious, is more technically proficient; his patents have
Look at the list of CSR policies and practices in Table 2.7. What behaviours would you like to add to that list, and what benefits would you expect those behaviours to produce? Table 2.7: CSR
In 2008 Kenco Coffee introduced a new television advertising campaign. The old ads concentrated on the quality and taste of the product. The new ads for the Kenco Sustainable Development coffee range
Material technology influences social technology. What does that statement mean? How do different authors approach these issues? Interview two people who have been working in the same organization
Which technologies affect your day-to-day experience? How do you expect your life experiences to be different from those of your parents; and what part does technology play in creating those
The issue for debate is: What are the individual, organizational, and social benefits and dangers of Web 2.0 technology? Divide into groups of three. Your group’s task is to think of as many
To explore the integration of social and technical aspects of an organization. Briefing Organizations are socio-technical systems. This means that technology – equipment, machines, processes,
Why is technology such an important aspect of organizational behaviour?
Which of the following media stories do you agree with?• Robots are replacing people in factory jobs.• The ‘virtual organization’ has arrived, based on mobile computing, so nobody needs to
Japanese and Scandinavian manufacturing companies use teams as part of their organizational design. What are the differences between the Japanese and Scandinavian approaches?
What for you are the benefits and disadvantages of nonstandard work? If you know someone who has a nonstandard job, ask them how they feel about it. Would their experience encourage you to find
What is nonstandard work and what part does technology play in encouraging these types of jobs and employment?
Your employer gives you a pc, helps you to set up a broadband internet connection and asks you to work at home. What are the advantages and disadvantages for the organization, and for you? Following
What are the characteristics of Web 2.0 technologies, and in what ways can these new systems affect work and organizational behaviour?
What other jobs combine a high workload with low discretion? Do employees in those jobs display symptoms of fatigue or depression? What advice would you give to management to reduce workload and
Coal mining is hardly ‘typical’ work. To what extent can the concept of organizational choice be applied to other kinds of work and organizations?
1. Students form into small groups. 2. The table below shows three six proverb groups. Compare Group 1 and 2, and answer the following questions:(a) Which of Hofstede’s orientations does each
First, familiarize yourself with the list of Schein’s 15 surface manifestations of culture . Use this list to(a) interview a manager and obtain examples of as many of the surface manifestations of
Examine the four clusters of descriptions as directed by your instructor. For each one:1. Decide what ‘message’ each one sends to employees about the organization’s culture.2. Speculate on the
How would you define the culture of the organization that you currently work in, or the university at which you are studying?
Is organizational culture capable of being managed or do chief executive officers have to tolerate the culture that they inherit?
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