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business
organizational behavior

Questions and Answers of Organizational Behavior

Pair off with someone you have not worked with before. In this exercise, you will pretend that you work for a small air conditioning company. Occasionally one of your coworkers, Daniel, asks you to
“What’s your cell phone number? Good, I’ll call you about the meeting.” If you’re like many people in the world who have used a smartphone for years, or one of the 3 billion people who
We have talked a lot about how culture affects communication style. Did you know that within cultures, men and women may be socialized to have different communication styles? Just as there are
Whether or not gossip benefits organizations has become a gray area. In some contexts, gossip may be beneficial. Some leaders, such as Aviva Leebow Wolmer, CEO of Pacesetter, believe that gossip can
Although many CEOs are fired for political reasons and power struggles, and others are fired for unethical behavior, many choose willingly to leave their organizations. It is a difficult decision to
Replacing Nicholas Dirks as the chancellor of University of California at Berkeley, Carol T. Christ is taking on a strategy that her predecessors did not utilize: sharing leadership. Notably, the
What power or influence tactics and their contingencies are identified most often?
Form groups of three. One person is the influencer, one will be influenced, and one is the observer. These roles can be randomly determined. To begin, create a deck of cards for the seven tactics to
We talked about sexual harassment and how uneven power dynamics can contribute to sexual harassment. Sexual harassment often occurs because one employee, such as a supervisor, can use his or her
We mentioned in this chapter that women tend to have less power in organizations than men. To demonstrate gender differences in power, just look at the gender composition of executive boards for
One of the various impression management techniques that people use in the workplace is flattering or complimenting a person. Many people believe that flattery has a positive impact on career
In this chapter, we learned about several conflict-handling intentions. Each of these intentions involved two dimension—assertiveness (the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his or her
The sound of Matt and Peter’s arguing is familiar to everyone in the office by now. In an effort to make the best use of space and ensure a free flow of discussion and ideas, the founder of Markay
U.S. labor unions have seen a dramatic decline in membership in the private sector, where only 6.5 percent of the employees are unionized. The situation is very different in the public sector,
What are the characteristics of the functional, bureaucracy, and matrix structures?
The message from the business press has been consistent: Don’t count on long-term employment. For years, job seekers have been told they should expect to be responsible for their own careers and
The beginning of 2017 was not good for United Airlines. Several incidents involving United Airlines personnel enforcing a variety of rules, regulations, and protocols in employees’ interactions
We have noted throughout the text that honesty is generally the best policy in managing OB. But that doesn’t mean honest dealing is always the rule in business. Studies have found, in fact, that
At Gerson Lehrman Group, you won’t find an employee working in a cubicle day after day. You also won’t find an employee working in a free-form open office area consistently either. The reason is
Employees at many successful companies start the day by checking the economic forecast. Patagonia’s Ventura, California, employees start the day by checking the surf forecast. The outdoor clothing
In this exercise, you will focus on creating a performancesimulation test for selecting a new head of character design at a digital animation studio. The position is completely virtual. Candidates
In this chapter, you learned about the process of recruiting into an organization. Recruitment can be a long and difficult process. If you have ever had to find people to fill a position, you
Many business students are familiar with the pressure to get internships or part-time jobs in their career field while in school. The surest route to the career track for many is to take on these
It’s your birthday, and you’re going out for hors d’oeuvres at the club followed by a celebration at your favorite restaurant. The club staff greets you warmly as always, and your seafood
How can resistance to change be overcome?
As mentioned in the chapter-opening vignette, Ben Carpenter had a long road to success in which many unforeseen events required action and coping skills to deal with the strain from change. But Ben
Diya looked at the records of Jose’s workstation logins, and she wasn’t pleased. Day after day, week after week, the record showed that Jose had consistently been at his computer, writing code
For more than half a century, Walmart has prided itself on providing value to customers by being a low-price leader. But the consumer mindset is changing. Now “value” also means convenience, ease
“Teachers don’t have a chance to talk to each other very much ... it is an amazingly lonely profession,” John Ewing, president of Math for America, notes. Math for America is a nonprofit that
After class members have formed groups of approximately four members each, each group should consider the following scenario. You will assume the role of a special committee of district managers at a
It is 2020, and drones are everywhere. Alibaba quadcopters have been delivering special ginger tea to customers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for years; Amazon’s octocopters finally deliver
It wasn’t long ago that products from Apple, perhaps the most recognizable name in electronics manufacturing around the world, were made entirely in the United States. This is not the case anymore.
How are the key biographical characteristics relevant to OB?
The instructor randomly assigns the class into groups of four. It is important that group membership is truly randomly decided, not done by seating, friendships, or preferences. Without discussion,
On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, a Major League Baseball (MLB) team. Robinson was an excellent all-around player and eventually
Over the past century, the average age of the workforce has increased as medical science has continued to enhance longevity and vitality. As we discussed in this chapter, many individuals will work
1. Read the case below. 2. Divide into groups of 3–5, and nominate a spokesperson for each group to report its conclusions to the whole class. 3. As a group, use the coordination-conflict model
This assessment (based on Marcic, 1992) is designed to help you assess your preferred leadership style. Complete this questionnaire honestly, in relation to your behaviour and preferences, with
How would you respond to these ‘true or false’ questions?People have a natural resistance to change. True or false?People get bored with routine and seek out new experiences. True or false?Older
Read the case study Saab Training Systems, and answer the following questions: 1. Why did the functional structure not suit the company’s strategy? 2. How did the team-based structure help? 3.
1. Form groups. 2. Read the information about the University of Grantchester Business School (UGBS) below. 3. Draw alternative organizational charts for the UGBS depicting organizational structures
1. Form into groups. 2. Analyse the Factory paint shop case below using Homans’s model: environment of group (physical, technological, social); external system (required activities, required
1. Individually,(a) Make a list of all the different groups to which you belong at the present time. (b) Distinguish work groups from non-work groups, and formal from informal groups. 2. Form
You are about to go for a job interview, but first you will be kept waiting in the interviewer’s office. During that time, you can observe clues about your interviewer and perhaps about the
What evidence can you find that robotics increase or decrease the number of jobs available?
Can technology present two faces at the same time? Can you see how this might be the case?
To its advocates, total quality management is unequivocally good; to some management researchers, it produces some bad outcomes. What are the realities?
How would you feel about working for a Japanese company?
What methods have you witnessed for trying to bring about change in an organization or group in which you have been involved? Was group participation used? If not, why not?
Manning (2013) argues that machines and software programs have replaced employees in many routine jobs in the middle of the income distribution leading to a ‘job polarization’ of ‘lovely’
At one university at which the author was previously employed staff were requested, if they were making private calls, to prefix the number that they dialled with ‘77’. They were subsequently
We touched on the limits to the absorption of organizational culture in Chapter 11, but much more might be said. Van Maanen (1991) shows the limits to which overt company propaganda in the Disney
Sewell (1998) says that discipline can be maintained through teamwork and peer group scrutiny. Surveillance and teamwork are an unexpected combination. How are surveillance and teamwork combined?
Good quality customer service was thought by managers at Flightpath to be produced by ‘empowered’ and ‘autonomous’ workers, rather than through managerial prescription (Taylor and Tyler,
What research might help you to argue that the panopticon is as diverse in its use as the contexts in which it occurs? (See Ball and Wilson, 1997.)
Many concepts used in organizational analysis, such as power, domination, control, and authority can be used as euphemisms for violence, most obviously in the police, military, and prisons’ (Hearn,
Do you believe that appropriating company property (for example, stealing paper) can sometimes be justified, or is it always simply theft?
The following is an example of how cheating occurs in one setting. Worker solidarity in the casino industry in the USA is induced by the industry’s shared tip structure, in which individual
Compare and contrast two of the cases of organizational misdemeanour described by Punch (1996).
Would you lie when applying for a job? Some people lie on their CVs: for example, claiming that they have degrees that they do not. But beware: Digging for ‘digital dirt’ is now becoming more
Even when people are trained, paid, and told to be nice, it is hard for them to do so all of the time. Why?
The gossip in one company was that the managing director, who was rumoured to be in personal debt, was said to ‘dress down’ when she met tax inspectors in an attempt to conceal her spending and
‘Sabotage is bound up with the private ownership of the means of production and will disappear only when that does’ (Dubois, 1979: 213). Discuss.
France, Spain, and Italy have seen a rise in the strength of the cooperative movement. There are at least 25,000 cooperatives in Italy, about 17,000 in Spain, and about 2,600 in France (Perotin,
Organizations can encourage staff to get involved in voluntary work and recognize that they may want to do good for their communities. Staff who undertake voluntary work appear to be better, more
The impetus and motivation for cooperatives comes from a number of different sources, according to the research. What motivation for the establishment of alternative organizations can you find in
What are the pros and cons of an organization such as Mondragón for you? Does it have any appeal to you as an organization?For a fuller discussion of Mondragón, see, for example, Benello (1996), or
There are examples from all over the world of people taking control of their own economic destiny. The Rochdale pioneers are one such example; another is the Antigonish Movement in Nova Scotia
Imagine, when being asked by your boss to do a particular job, being able to say: ‘No, I prefer to do something else.’ This is how a worker in Warhurst’s (1998) case study explained his
Credit unions help to provide financial support to people in their local communities and are regulated by the Financial Services Authority in England and Wales. What advantages and disadvantages
Do you think that technology (such as email and mobile phones) can increase stress? Research has noted how office workers are currently reporting the highest level of stress in history and the
Companies have an interest in trying to reduce or minimize stress. At What If! a London-based inventing consultancy, stress in the workplace is minimized by creating a fun and supportive working
According to some, women cope better with stress in demanding jobs than men. What evidence can you find to support or refute this statement?
Have you noticed that, if you are under stress, you have more vivid dreams? Work stress is thought to contribute to nightmares about killing the boss. Stress at work is contributing to a regular
Customer abuse is perpetuated by a range of cost-rational and profit-centred policies’ (Boyd, 2002). Discuss.
Nicola Horlick hit the headlines by losing a top City job. She had a very large salary, a high-pressured job, and five children, but gave up her job after being falsely accused by a colleague.The
‘Some 700,000 people phone in sick on a Monday morning. One in three are faking it’ (Channel 5, 2002, UK Undercover, ‘Throwing a sickie’). These bare facts raise more questions:for example,
John Lennon is quoted as saying ‘Work is life, you know, and without it, there’s nothing but fear and insecurity’ (Solt and Egan, 1988: 75).Do you agree? What would be your reaction to facing
By looking at unemployment, we can understand more about what employment might mean to people. What can be learned about what work means by looking at research on unemployment? And what are the
As Adam Smith, moral philosopher and political economist, pointed out in 1776, if company directors manage other people’s money rather than their own, ‘it cannot well be expected that they will
Should the work that you do as a student be classed as work? If not, why not? Where does ‘student work’ fit in? What category would you need to add to the four types described earlier, given that
Cary Cooper is head of occupational psychology at Lancaster University’s Management School, and is concerned about the effect of greater frustration and anger in the workplace.‘I expect to see
If you were a practising manager, what would you want to know about people, work, and organization?
In the chapters on leadership and personality, we encountered Jack Welch, chief executive officer of General Electric. The following describes how he brought about change.General Electric’s
The following are some quotes that indicate the emotions associated with change process at one company (Clarke, 1994). ‘I don’t think the company realizes how frightened people are.’ ‘We feel
Review the evidence for and against emotional intelligence and draw your own conclusions. (See, in particular, Cartwright and Pappas, 2008.)
Claudio Ranieri is the manager at the now world famous Leicester City football club. Under his leadership Leicester won the English Premier League in May 2016, despite facing near certain demotion
This case study focuses on an unusual organization that has been set up for a specific purpose: to organize against injustices such as the following.Those who stay in expensive hotel rooms and leave
Some such as Roberts (2003) argue that CSR is little more than just talk and does little to change behaviour. What do you think?
How accessible and affordable is childcare for working parents? The Daycare Trust, a charity, found that in 2017 the cost of full-time childcare in Britain was, on average, £124.23 per week.This was
The chief executive of the largest catering firm, employing almost 430,000 staff including an army of school dinner ladies, was recently paid £4.4 million, including a £1.3 million cash bonus. The
Should chief executives and managers of charities be paid wages that match those found in other organizations? Would those who give to charity be ‘put off ’ doing so if they were to know how much
Guy Standing (2011) has warned that there is a new dangerous class in the making. He calls it the ‘precariat’: a growing number of people, a class, or people from across the world living and
It is clear from the research evidence presented in this chapter that the world of work is a very unequal one for many groups, e.g. the disabled and the poor. As a manager, would you be motivated to
A study of Oxford graduates finds that men from an Oxford college earn an average of £45,500 six months after graduating, while for women the figure is £25,900 (Times Higher Education,
To examine this question students were presented with the following case: Howard Roizen is a venture capitalist, former entrepreneur, and astute networker, is a power player in Silicon Valley, and
Men in the UK now have the right to two weeks of paid paternity leave, can request flexible hours, and are eligible for up to 13 weeks of parental leave for children under six or disabled children
Bunting (2004), in Willing Slaves, argues that instead of hard work bringing wealth and satisfaction, it brings worry, illness, poverty, and debt. She argues that we are enslaved by work when we are
What further scene-setting issues would you need to consider? This chapter has looked at the contexts in which work is organized; the next chapters will begin looking at the realities of work and
One innovation company—What If!—claims to celebrate the ideal of ‘meaningful work’. It says that it works with clients who want to innovate and grow, and that it helps clients to ‘release

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