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organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior
CoCre8 is a provider of business improvement and innovative services and solutions including communication and motivation, performance, incentive programmes and events management. Previously an
What examples can be generated from group reflections on experiences in the workplace, or from stories you’ve heard told by friends and relatives of what managers do? Use these personal experiences
Who are the people managers rely on most in performing their core functions? Why?
What are the ideas discussed in this Introduction with which you are familiar either from prior study, from practice or from publications in the general media?
What would you list as the key components of HRM? What assumptions are necessary to implement policies to address each of the ones you identify?
What would you do to help a manager taking on a new work team in preparing to do this?
What preparations could Smith have made to ensure a more successful outcome?
What questions does the case study raise about managing across diverse cultures?
What advice would you offer a new manager taking up a similar international role?
How do you think John’s request for a job for his wife was perceived by the US manager?
Why do you think the manager reacted as she did?
How do you think John interpreted the manager’s reaction? Why is John feeling confused and betrayed?
Even if there were no available positions, what could the manager have done differently?
What are some of the consequences for the organization of the manager’s lack of cultural understanding?
Are there any differences in the motivation between the employees from developed and developing countries? How and why? Justify your answer in terms of motivation theories and the cross-national
Do you think that employees in countries with low social security, such as Pakistan or Afghanistan, may still be motivated intrinsically?
What HRM strategies should MNCs take to motivate employees for the subsidiaries in countries with low social security?
How effective are PM practices in improving individual, team and organizational performance in your organization (or one with which you are familiar)?
James was a team leader of a small group dealing with motor vehicle insurance in a company providing commercial insurance and financial advice. He had been with the company for six years, and three
Think about how your organization (or one with which you are familiar) manages the performance of employees. Would you describe these practices as commitment- or control-oriented?
Do you agree that managing performance is ‘managing the business’?
Do you think that 360-degree appraisals are a ‘fairer’ way of reviewing individual performance than through manager feedback alone?
On balance, how would you now define ‘effective’ leadership?
The UK’s NHS has been subject to considerable government-driven change in recent years. Many of these changes have involved policy initiatives to ‘modernize’ the NHS and subject it to market
How much do the leadership theories discussed above reflect predominantly Western views?
EasyJet is a successful budget airline. Its main shareholder is its founder, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (Stelios). The European budget airline sector is highly competitive where the market leader,
What is the HR function’s responsibility with respect to leadership?
In many organizations, trust is often a casualty of change. What can individual leaders do to avoid losing trust during challenging times, or to regain it?
Angola is one of Africa’s largest producers of crude oil, along with Nigeria and thus attracts foreign MNCs to its shores. Angolan government’s policies and practices have historically had a
Using Schein and Hatch’s concepts outlined in the chapter, describe the complex nature of organizational culture.
By any standards the demise of Eastman Kodak from its once mighty position to the day where it filed for bankruptcy constitutes a huge fall from grace. There have been many explanations proposed for
Contrast the view of culture as something an organization has, with that of something an organization is.
What are the problems associated with establishing a link between culture and performance?
Explain how interpretation of successful actions become ‘reference criteria for action’ (Gagliardi).
What are the differences between the ‘unitary’ and ‘divisions’ perspective of culture?
With regard to organizational culture, what are some of the problems associated with attempting to impose change programmes?
It is widely evident that the period since the mid-1980s has been marked by changes in the world economy that have led to profound developments in the international operations, strategies and
To what extent might a synthesis of creativity, innovation, organizational learning and the management of knowledge, such as that presented in this chapter, overcome competing perspectives? For
What are your views on the so-called knowledge society? What is the evidence in the country where you live?
Scientific management (Taylor) limited the knowledge of workers. Similarly, Fordism was literally concerned with hired hands. This raises important issues around knowledge as power and influence and
Does the use of IT as a knowledge management system always indicate an objectivist perspective? Is tacit knowledge necessary to make sense of these systems?
The critical and dialogical discourses raise the idea that knowledge management initiatives may not always be in the best interests of all. To what extent do knowledge management initiatives create
Have quality and flexibility requirements in modern organizations rendered Fordism redundant?
Why might Max Weber and Henri Fayol be surprised by developments in contemporary organizational design arrangements?
This chapter reported Warner and Witzel’s (2004) view that every organization possessed a mixture of virtual and tangible elements. They identified six dimensions along which organizations can
Think of an example of a change to the structure of an organization with which you are familiar. How has this changed the way that you and others do your work?
Suggest how changes in organization structuring over the last fifty years have affected what workers and managers do, and how they do it.
Back in 1997, arch-rivals Microsoft and Apple entered into a five-year strategic alliance to develop Mackintosh-compatible versions of Microsoft® Office 98, Internet Explorer 4, and Java
In the literature, inter-organizational collaboration is presented as the way forward. Consider the potential negative consequences of this arrangement for the companies involved and their employees
Are user contribution systems a good way of providing the public with the opportunity to participate and share their expertise with companies whose products and services they use? Or have companies
Why are network and virtual structures preferred by managers seeking to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation?
How accurate have Victor and Stephens’ predictions been? What evidence from your reading, or your experience of work organizations, can you provide that either confirms or contradicts their nine
What are the basic rules of change implementation? Although these appear to be simple, the failure rate of organizational changes is high. Why is it so difficult to put these basic rules into
Choose an organization that has experienced major change. Arrange to interview two managers who were involved in implementing this change. Using John Kotter’s guide to corporate transformation,
Force-field analysis is a method for assessing the issues supporting and blocking movement towards a given set of desirable outcomes, called the ‘target situation’. The forces can be scored, say
Due to a combination of space constraints and financial issues, your department or school has been told by senior management to relocate to another building seven kilometres from your existing site
What are the main sources of resistance to organizational change, and how should resistance be managed?
If you want a high-flying, fast track career, you are unlikely to get far if you focus your energies on shallow changes. Shallow changes do not contribute much to organizational performance, and will
Organizations are advised to change rapidly in order to compete to survive. What dangers come with this advice?
Faced with resistance to a desirable change, would you ever recommend manipulation and threat, or would you regard these methods as unprofessional or unethical in all circumstances?
What are the main types of innovation, and how can an organization develop a climate that encourages individuals to be more creative?
Dictatorial transformation? Coercion? Surely these methods are more likely to generate hostility and resistance, reducing organization performance? In what circumstances – if any – do you think
Do current economic conditions encourage or discourage the use of OD, and why?
Identify three to five sustaining innovations that have affected you over the past year. Identify three to five disruptive innovations that have affected you. Did you welcome these innovations
Think of an organization with which you are familiar, perhaps one where you are currently employed, or one where you have worked recently. Assess that organization’s climate on Ekvall’s ten
Are leadership and management different roles, or do they overlap? Look at this list of activities. Are these leadership activities, or management activities, or could they fall into both categories?
What is the difference between leadership and management, and why is it difficult to separate these concepts in practice?
Choose one of the massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Examples include World of Warcraft, Eve Online, EverQuest, Lineage, and Star Wars Galaxies. What leadership skills are
Consider those who you would call leaders, in business, politics, sport, music, the arts.What characteristics, skills, abilities, and personality traits do they have in common?Which of those leaders
Why is trait-spotting such a popular theme in leadership research? What has traitspotting told us about the personality markers of successful leaders? What are the problems with this perspective?
Mintzberg asks: Would you like to be managed by someone who can’t lead? Would you like to be led by someone who can’t manage?How would you respond to those two questions?
Leaders are, traditionally, men with special qualities. Why are women now more likely to be considered as effective leaders?
What other steps might women take in order to strengthen their organizational positions and achieve promotion to more senior managerial positions?
The concept of transformational leadership is popular. What advantages and drawbacks come with this leadership style?
Leadership theory seems to be consistent in arguing that a considerate, employeecentred, participative, and democratic style is more effective. In what context would an inconsiderate, goal-centred,
Would you describe the task of writing an essay for your organizational behaviour instructor as a structured or as an unstructured task? Would you prefer this task to be more or less structured, and
The chapter defined and distinguished between routine, adaptive, and innovative types of decisions. This exercise gives you the opportunity to identify and deal with each of the three types. 1.
Considering business and political leaders with whom you are familiar, directly or through the media, which come closest to these definitions of new leader, superleader, and transformational
Familiarize yourself with Cialdini’s (2009) seven weapons of influence through extended reading. (a) Develop a set of interview questions to determine the nature of their use. (b) Interview a few
You are a manufacturing manager in a large electronics plant. The company’s management has recently installed new machines and put in a new, simplified work system. To everyone’s surprise, the
Think of some personal or organizational decisions that you have recently made. How many of the steps and assumptions from the rational model featured in your consideration?
What are the strengths and weakness of the Vroom-Jago time-driven decision-making model?
When you chose your current partner – girlfriend, boyfriend, wife, or husband – did you maximize or satisfice? Is this distinction a useful way of explaining the decision-making process?
How does a ‘satisficing’ decision differ from a ‘maximizing’ one? Provide examples of each from your own experience. In what circumstances would one be preferable to the other?
‘No decision that is ever made by a manager is truly rational’. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Support your view with arguments and examples
Identify three separate events in your university career or work life involving certainty, risk, and uncertainty. Consider each situation and think how it could change, or did actually change, from
Should decision-making by groups be avoided or encouraged by organizations?
Think of three very different decisions that you have recently made. How well did they fit into this routine/adaptive/innovative decision framework? What additional decision-type categories would you
Do you think that group decision-making is superior to individual decision-making? Why?
Briefly describe each of Thomas’s five conflict resolution approaches and give an example of an organizational situation in which each would be most appropriate.
Noon and Blyton (2007) and Krischer et al. (2010) describe a range of employee survival strategies and counterproductive work behaviours to be found in organizations. Familiarize yourself with
1. Make a list of employee misbehaviours that you have engaged in yourself while at work, have observed others engaging in, or have read about. 2. Form into groups and discuss: (a) What are the
Can you provide examples from your own work experience where conflict has led to positive or negative outcomes?
‘Since every unit and department in an organization has its own goals and interests, conflict will always be a feature of organizational life.’ Consider the costs and benefits of conflict for the
How complete is this list of conflict causes – goal orientation, self-image, interdependencies, time frame, overlapping authority, and scarce resources? Think of a conflict situation with which you
Discuss some of the ways in which employees resist management actions and deal with an unsatisfying work environment.
Some individuals resolve conflict in one fixed way in different situations. Others change their approach to suit the circumstances. Think of a specific domestic, friendship, or organizational context
Is emotional labour as great a problem as some of the literature suggests? What defensive mechanisms can employees use to cope with the emotional labour demands of their jobs?
Which of Noon and Blyton’s employee survival strategies – making out, fiddling, joking, sabotage, escaping – have you personally engaged in at work? Have you observed other employees engaging
Has the importance of emotional labour been overstated? Is it even a valid concept to study? We all engage in impression management all the time . We can ‘put on a smile’ without necessarily
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