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pmp® exam practice test and study guide

PMP Exam Practice Test And Study Guide (ESI International Project Management Series) 9th Edition J. LeRoy Ward (Author), Ginger Levin (Author) - Solutions

Which of the following factors contributes the most to team communication?a. External feedbackb. Performance appraisalsc. Smoothing over of team conflicts by the project managerd. Collection
You are leading a team to recommend an equitable reward and recognition system for project managers. Before finalizing the plan, you want to ensure that executivesunderstand the basic objective of reward systems. This objective is to—a. Be comparable with the award system established for
Project A is being administered using a matrix form of organization. The project manager reports to a senior vice president who provides visible support to the project. In this scenario, which of the following statements best describes the relative power of the project manager?a. The project
Which of the following is a ground rule for project team building?a. Perform frequent performance appraisalsb. Ensure that each team member reports to his or her functional manager in addition to the project managerc. Start earlyd. Try to solve team political problems
You have been assigned as project manager on what could be a “bet the company” project. You realize that to be successful you need to exercise maximum control over project resources. Which form of project organization should you establish for this project?a. Strong matrixb. Projectizedc.
The quality management plan describes all the following EXCEPT the—a. Method for implementing the quality policyb. Methods the team will use to meet the project’s qualityrequirementsc. Efforts at the front end of a project to ensure that decisionsare based on accurate informationd. Procedures
Assume that your project in the food service industry involves the need for the presence of the required food label as specified by the Food and Drug Administration. In this situation, you plan to use control charts as a qualitycontrol tool, so you should prepare a(n)—a. Variables chartb.
You have decided to use a fishbone diagram to identify the relationship between an effect and its causes. To begin, you should first—a. Select an interdisciplinary team who has used the technique before to help brainstorm the problemb. Determine the major categories of defectsc. Set up a process
The below Pareto chart indicates defects in areas associated with billing a client for project services. Based on this Pareto analysis, which area, or areas, indicate the greatest opportunity for improvement?a. The account number, because if it is incorrect, the invoice may be sent to the wrong
Quality objectives of the project are recorded in—a. Process improvement planb. Quality management planc. Quality baselined. Quality metrics
Constancy of purpose is a core concept for continuous improvement. An organization displaying constancy of purpose must have all the following elements EXCEPT—a. Documented and well-disseminated statements of purpose and visionb. A set of strategic and tactical plansc. An awareness by all members
There are three uses and types of Pareto analysis. If you wish to provide a measure of significance to factors that at first may not appear to be significant at all, you should use a—a. Basic Pareto analysisb. Comparative Pareto analysisc. Weighted Pareto analysisd. Trend Pareto analysis
All of the following are objectives of a quality audit—a. Defect repairs have been implementedb. Improvement opportunities are identifiedc. Good practices can be introduced elsewhered. Root cause analysis has been performed as part of process analysis
The ISO 9000 standards provide—a. A description of how products should be producedb. Specifics for the implementation of quality systemsc. A framework for quality systemsd. The maximum process requirements necessary to ensure that customers receive a good product
You work as a project manager in the largest hospital in the region. Studies have shown that patients have to wait for long periods before being treated. To assist in identifying the factors contributing to this problem, you and your team have decided to use which of the following techniques?a.
You are a project manager for residential construction. As a project manager, you must be especially concerned with building codes—particularly in the plan quality management process. You must ensure that building codes are reflected in your project plans because—a. Standards and regulations
The area where the project manager can have the greatest impact on the quality of his or her project is in—a. Quality planningb. Quality assurancec. Quality controld. Quality improvement
The control chart is a tool used primarily to help—a. Monitor process variation over timeb. Measure the degree of conformancec. Determine whether results conformd. Determine whether results conform to requirements
Results of quality control measurements are used—a. As an input to plan quality managementb. To prepare an operational definitionc. To prepare a control chartd. As an input to perform quality assurance
Even though your project is vastly different from a manufacturing operation, you believe the principles of kaizenwill work well. The kaizen approach to continuous improvement emphasizes—a. The greater importance of customer satisfaction over costb. Radical changes in operating practicesc.
Long-term contracting is an important aspect of project quality management because it—a. Provides incentives to vendors to make quality commitmentsb. Improves quality through the use of benefit-cost ratioc. Usually results in lower costs and increased profitabilityd. Provides for periodic, yet
The “rule of seven” as applied to statistical process control charts means that—a. Seven rejects typically occur per thousand inspectionsb. Seven consecutive points are above or below the meanc. At least seven inspectors should be in place for every thousand employeesd. A process is not out
Recently your company introduced a new set of “metal woods” to its established line of golfing equipment. However, in the past weeks many of the clubs have been returned because of quality problems. You decide to conduct a failure mode and criticality analysis to—a. Analyze the product
You are managing a major international project, and your contract requires you to prepare both a project plan and a quality management plan. Your core team is preparing a project quality management plan. Your first step in developing this plan is to—a. Determine specific metrics to use in the
Your management has prescribed that a quality audit be conducted at the end of every phase in a project. This audit is part of the organization’s—a. Quality assurance processb. Quality control processc. Quality improvement programd. Process adjustment program
Quality inspections also may be called—a. Control testsb. Walkthroughsc. Statistical samplingd. Checklists
Deming’s Fourteen Points provide a way for an organization to create and sustain a culture of continuous improvement. As such it should be directed by—a. The project managerb. Top managementc. Employees participating in quality circlesd. Stakeholders
You recognize the importance of quality control on your project. However, you also know that quality control has costs associated with it and that the project has a limited budget. One way to reduce the cost of quality control is to—a. Work to ensure that the overall quality program is ISO
Six sigma refers to the aim of setting tolerance limits at six standard deviations from the mean, whereas the normally expected deviation of a process is—a. One standard deviationb. Two standard deviationsc. Three standard deviationsd. Undeterminable because of the unique nature of every process
Your quality assurance department recently performed a quality audit of your project and identified a number of findings and recommendations. One recommendation seems critical and should be implemented because it affects successful delivery of the product to your customer. Your next step should be
Assume you wish to provide a process to be more creative in problem solving as on your project you have a somewhat complex scenario that possesses intertwined logical relationships for up to 50 items. The best approach is to—a. Design an experimentb. Use an interrelationship diagraphc. Conduct a
Project quality management was once thought to include only inspection or quality control. In recent years, the concept of project quality management has broadened. Which statement is NOT representative of the new definition of quality management?a. Quality is designed into the product or service,
Rank ordering of defects should be used to guide corrective action. This is the underlying principle behind—a. Trend analysisb. Inspectionsc. Control chartsd. Pareto diagrams
The project team should have a working knowledge of statistical process control to help evaluate control quality outputs. Of all the topics involved, which of the following is the most important for the team to understand?a. Sampling and probabilityb. Attribute sampling and variables samplingc.
When a process is within acceptable limits, it—a. Should not be adjustedb. May not be changed to provide improvementsc. Shows differences caused by expected events or normal causesd. Should not be inspected or reworked for any reason
Your project scheduler has just started working with your project and has produced defective reports for the past two accounting cycles. If this continues, these defective reports could provide the potential for customer dissatisfaction and lost productivity that is due to rework. You discovered
Which of the following statements best describes attribute sampling versus variables sampling?a. Attribute sampling is concerned with prevention, whereas variables sampling is concerned with inspection.b. Attribute sampling is concerned with conformance, whereas variables sampling is concerned with
Quality assurance promotes quality improvement. A “breakthrough” is the accomplishment of any improvement that takes the organization to unprecedented levels of performance by attacking—a. Special causes of variationb. Common causes of variationc. Inspection over preventiond. Specific
The purpose of the Taguchi method is to—a. Manage the flow of material for better visibility and controlb. Use statistical techniques to compute a “loss function” to determine the cost of producing products that fail to achieve a target valuec. Design, group, and manage production operations
You are leading a research project that will require between 10 and 20 aerospace engineers. Some senior-level aerospace engineers are available. They are more productive than junior-level engineers, who cost less and who are available as well. You want to determine the optimal combination of
As it applies to quality, the law of diminishing returns says that—a. 100% quality is unattainableb. 100% inspection is not cost effectivec. Beyond a certain point, additional investment in quality has a negative ROId. Providing quality products will stop, or at least diminish, the number of
The quality function deployment process is used to—a. Provide better product definition and product developmentb. Help products to succeed in the marketplacec. Improve the functional characteristics of a productd. Support production planning and the just-in-time approach
In quality management, the practice “rework” is—a. Acceptable under certain circumstancesb. An adjustment made that is based on quality control measurementsc. Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into complianced. Not a concern if errors are detected early
Benchmarking is a technique used in—a. Inspectionsb. Root cause analysisc. Plan quality managementd. Perform quality control
Quality is very important to your company. Each project has a quality statement that is consistent with the organization’s vision and mission. Both internal and external quality assurance are provided on all projects to—a. Ensure confidence that the project will satisfy relevant quality
The CPI on your project is 0.84. This means that you should—a. Place emphasis on improving the timeliness of the physical progressb. Reassess the life-cycle costs of your product, including the length of the life-cycle phasec. Recognize that your original estimates were fundamentally flawed, and
Assume that your actual costs are $800; your planned value is $1,200; and your earned value is $1,000. Based on these data, what can be determined regarding your schedule variance?a. At +$200, the situation is favorable as physical progress is being accomplished ahead of your plan.b. At –$200,
The reason that the cost performance index (CPI) is shown as a ratio is to—a. Enable a detailed analysis of the schedule regardless of the value of the schedule varianceb. Distinguish between critical path and noncritical path work packagesc. Provide the ability to show performance for a
The cumulative cost curve for planned and actual expenditures—a. Helps to monitor project performance at a glanceb. Is used for calculating the CPIc. Is also known as a histogramd. Forecasts total project expenditures
Assume that the project cost estimates have been prepared for each activity and the basis of these estimates has been determined. Now, as the project manager for your nutrition awareness program in your hospital, you are preparing your budget. Because you have estimates for more than 1,200 separate
As project manager, you identified a number of acceptable tolerances as part of your earned value management system. During execution, some “unacceptable” variances occurred. After each “unacceptable” variance occurred, you did which one of the following first?a. Updated the budgetb.
A revised cost baseline may be required in cost control when—a. CVs are severe, and a realistic measure of performance is neededb. Updated cost estimates are prepared and distributed to stakeholdersc. Corrective action must be taken to bring expected future performance in line with the project
Increased attention to return on investment (ROI) now requires you to complete a financial analysis of the payback period on your project. Such an analysis identifies the—a. Ratio of discounted revenues over discounted costsb. Future value of money invested todayc. Amount of time before net cash
The method of calculating the EAC by assuming the ETC work will be performed at the same cumulative CPI incurred by the project to date is used most often when—a. Current variances are viewed as atypical onesb. Original estimating assumptions are no longer reliable because conditions have
According to learning curve theory, when many items are produced repetitively—a. Unit costs decrease geometrically as production rates increase linearlyb. Unit costs decrease as production rates increasec. Unit costs decrease in a regular pattern as more units are producedd. Costs of training
Overall cost estimates must be allocated to individual activities to establish the cost performance baseline. In an ideal situation, a project manager would prefer to prepare estimates—a. Before the budget is completeb. After the budget is approved by managementc. Using a parametric estimating
Performance review meetings are held to assess schedule activity and work packages over-running or under-running the budget and to determine any estimated funds needed to complete work in progress. Typically, if EV is being used, all but which of the following information is determined?a. Variance
Control accounts—a. Are charge accounts for personnel time managementb. Summarize project costs at level 2 of the WBSc. Identify and track management reservesd. Represent the basic level at which project performance is measured and reported
By reviewing cumulative cost curves, the project manager can monitor—a. EVb. PVc. CVsd. CPI
Typically, the statement “no one likes to estimate, because they know their estimate will be proven incorrect” is true. However, you have been given the challenge of estimating the costs for your nuclear reactor project. A basic assumption that you need to make early in this process is—a. How
Which of the following calculations CANNOT be used to determine EAC?a. EV to date plus the remaining project budgetb. Accepts actual costs and predicts future ETC work will be done at the budgeted ratec. Assumes what the program has experienced can be expected to continued. ETC will be performed at
There are a number of different earned value management rules of performance measurement that can be established as part of the cost management plan. Which one of the following is NOT an example of such a rule?a. Code of accounts allocation provisionb. Formulas to determine the ETCc. Earned value
Your project manager has requested that you provide him with a forecast of project costs for the next 12 months. He needs this information to determine if the budget should be increased or decreased on this major construction project. In addition to the usual information sources, which of the
It is expensive to lease office space in cities around the world. Office space can cost approximately USD $80 per square foot in Tampa, Florida. And it can cost approximately ¥50,000 per square meter in Tokyo. These “averages” can help a person to determine how much it will cost to lease
The undistributed budget is part of the—a. Management reserveb. Performance measurement baselinec. Level-of-effort cost accountsd. General and administrative accounts
The cumulative CPI has been shown to be relatively stable after what percentage of project completion?a. 5% to 10%b. 15% to 20%c. 25% to 35%d. 50% to 75%
Which of the following is a tool for analyzing a design, determining its functions, and assessing how to provide those functions’ cost effectively?a. Pareto diagramb. Value analysisc. Configuration managementd. Value engineering
Your approved cost baseline has changed because of a major scope change on your project. Your next step should be to—a. Estimate the magnitude of the scope changeb. Issue a change requestc. Document lessons learnedd. Execute the approved scope change
You receive a frantic phone call from your vice president who says she is going to meet with a prospective client in 15 minutes to discuss a large and complex project. She asks you how much the project will cost. You quickly think of some similar past projects, factor in a few unknowns, and give
If you want to calculate the ETC based on your expectations that similar variances to those noted to date will not occur, you should use which of the following formulas?a. ETC = BAC – EVb. ETC = (BAC – EV)/CPIc. ETC = AC + EACd. ETC = AC + BAC – EV
You have a number of costs to track and manage because your project is technically very complex. They include direct costs and indirect (overhead) costs. You have found that managing overhead costs is particularly difficult because they—a. Are handled on a project-by-project basisb. Represent
On your project, you need to assign costs to the time period in which they are incurred. To do this, you should—a. Identify the project components so that costs can be allocatedb. Use the project schedule as an input to determine budgetc. Prepare a detailed and accurate cost estimated. Prepare a
As of the fourth month on the Acme project, cumulative planned expenditures were $100,000. Actual expenditures totaled $120,000. How is the Acme project doing?a. It is ahead of schedule.b. It is in trouble because of a cost overrun.c. It will finish within the original budget.d. The information is
When you review cost performance data on your project, different responses will be required depending on the degree of variance or control thresholds from the baseline. For example, a variance of 10 percent might not require immediate action, whereas a variance of 100 percentwill require
If operations on a work package were estimated to cost $1,500 and finish today but, instead, have cost $1,350 and are only two-thirds complete, the cost variance is—a. $150b. –$150c. –$350d. –$500
Management has grown weary of the many surprises, mostly negative, that occur on your projects. In an effort to provide stakeholders with an effective performance metric, you will use the to-complete performance index (TCPI). Its purpose is to—a. Determine the schedule and cost performance needed
You are responsible for preparing a cost estimate for a large World Bank project. You decide to prepare a bottom-up estimate because your estimate needs to be as accurate as possible. Your first step is to—a. Locate a computerized tool to assist in the processb. Use the cost estimate from a
If the cost variance is the same as the schedule variance and both numbers are greater than zero, then—a. The cost variance is due to the schedule varianceb. The variance is favorable to the projectc. The schedule variance can be easily correctedd. Labor rates have escalated since the project
You must consider direct costs, indirect costs, overhead costs, and general and administrative costs during cost estimating. Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct cost?a. Salary of the project managerb. Subcontractor expensesc. Materials used by the projectd. Electricity
All the following are outputs of the estimate cost process EXCEPT—a. Activity cost estimatesb. Basis of estimatesc. Documented constraintsd. Cost baseline
You have now prepared your cost management plan so now you are preparing your project’s cost estimate. You decided to use analogous estimating. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of analogous estimating?a. Supports top-down estimatingb. Is a form of expert judgmentc. Has an accuracy
What is the EAC for this project, and what does it represent?a. $12,500; the revised estimate for total project cost (based on performance thus far)b. $10,000; the revised estimate for total project cost (based on performance thus far)c. $12,500; the original project budgetd. $10,000; the original
The CV for this project is—a. 300b. –$300c. 500d. –$500
What is the CPI for this project, and what does it tell us about cost performance thus far?a. 0.20; actual costs are exactly as plannedb. 0.80; actual costs have exceeded planned costsc. 0.80; actual costs are less than planned costsd. 1.25; actual costs have exceeded planned costs
According to earned value analysis, the SV and status of the project described above is—a. –$300; the project is ahead of scheduleb. +$8,000; the project is on schedulec. +$200; the project is ahead of scheduled. –$200; the project is behind schedule
The reason that the schedule performance index (SPI) is shown as a ratio is to—a. Enable a detailed analysis of the schedule regardless of the value of the schedule varianceb. Distinguish between critical path and noncritical path work packagesc. Provide the ability to show performance for a
To account for uncertainty in a schedule, reserve analysis may be used. All the following are examples of contingency reserves EXCEPT—a. Fixed number of work periodsb. Percent of the estimated activity durationc. Buffersd. Productivity metrics
You are managing a project to redesign a retail store layout to improve customer throughput and efficiency. Much project work must be done on site and will require the active participation of store employees who are lifelong members of a powerful union with a reputation for labor unrest. One
Activity A has a pessimistic (P) estimate of 36 days, a most likely (ML) estimate of 21 days, and an optimistic (O) estimate of 6 days. What is the probability that activity A will be completed in 16 to 26 days?a. 55.70 percentb. 68.26 percentc. 95.46 percentd. 99.73 percent
You are managing a project that will use a virtual team with team members on three different continents. Your company is looking to use the virtual team to provide a lower cost product by using resources in countries that have a favorable exchange rate to that of your country. To assist in this
The risk register may need to be updated as an output of which following process:a. Define activitiesb. Sequence activitiesc. Estimate activity resourcesd. Control schedule
You are managing a new technology project designed to improve the removal of hazardous waste from your city. You are in the planning phase of this project and have prepared your network diagram. Your next step is to—a. Describe any unusual sequencing in the networkb. State the number resources
All the following statements regarding critical chain method are true EXCEPT—a. It modifies the schedule to account for limited resourcesb. The first step is to use conservative estimates for activity durationsc. Duration buffers are added on the critical pathd. It focuses on managing buffer
Several types of float are found in project networks. Float that is used by a particular activity and does NOT affect the float in later activities is called—a. Extra floatb. Free floatc. Total floatd. Expected float
The purpose of using what-if analysis in schedule control is to—a. Review scenarios to bring the schedule in line with the planb. Document requested changesc. Provide additional details as to when the schedule baseline should be updatedd. Update the activity attributes
Which of the following is a key input to define activities?a. Project management planb. Project scope management planc. Schedule management pland. Project management software
In project development, schedule information such as who will perform the work, where the work will be performed, activity type, and WBS classification are examples of—a. Activity attributesb. Constraintsc. Data in the WBS repositoryd. Refinements
An activity has an early start date of the 10th and a late start date of the 19th. The activity has a duration of four days. There are no nonworkdays. From the information given, what can be concluded about the activity?a. Total float for the activity is nine days.b. The early finish date of the
Project managers should pay attention to critical and subcritical activities when evaluating project time performance. One way to do this is to analyze 10 subcriticalpaths in order of ascending float. This approach is part of—a. Variance analysisb. Simulationc. Earned value managementd. Trend
Unlike bar charts, milestone charts show—a. Scheduled start or completion of major deliverables and key external interfacesb. Activity start and end dates of critical tasksc. Expected durations of the critical pathd. Dependencies between complementary projects

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