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research methods business
Research Methods In Human Resource Management Investigating A Business Issue 4th Edition Valerie Anderson, Dr Rita Fontinha, Dr Fiona Robson - Solutions
Which of the following is associated with qualitative data?a Meanings and words.b Pie charts.c Randomised sampling strategy.d Positivism.
Which of the following is associated with quantitative data?a Analysis begins as data are collected.b Is associated with interpretivism.c Research process takes full account of the research context.d The emphasis is on ‘thick description’.
Which of the following is a data collection method?a Case study.b Positivism.c Focus group.d Social constructivism.
What organisational sensitivities will you need to take into account in your research to ensure the dignity and well-being of all those who are involved and in relation to any potential unintended consequences?
To what extent will it be possible for you and those with whom you work to be able to distinguish between your role as a researcher and your ‘usual’ work role? What steps might you take to maintain this distinction during the research process?
What expectations might your sponsor or organisation have about the retention of any data for subsequent use after your research project has been completed? Who do you need to discuss this with and what steps would be required to ensure data confidentiality and anonymity?
What plans do you have for the secure storage of data? Think about:a) paper based data; andb) electronically stored data. Can you access locked storage in the workplace?Would you be permitted to remove data gathered at work and store them at home? Do you know how to add password protection to any
How clear are you about what information to provide on an information or briefing document that would ensure informed consent has been achieved? Who might help you to clarify these issues?
How clear are you about the type of data you propose to gather? Can you articulate the sampling strategy that you propose and explain how you would recruit and select your research participants? Who might help you to clarify these issues?
To what extent is your research idea a‘sensitive issue’ for any organisation(s) and for any individuals who participate? What influence might this have for your ethical choices about informed consent and respect for dignity and well-being?
In the research context in which you will be working who has an interest in the findings, conclusions and outcomes of your project? Might there be a potential conflict of interest between your role as an objective investigator and the expectations of your line manager? A ‘gatekeeper’? A project
How might the professional standards of your professional association impact on the research project you are planning to undertake?
Are there questions on any of the ethical forms you need to complete that you do not understand? Is it possible to access guidance for the completion of the forms and for a successful ethical review process?
What is the ethical code of conduct of your professional organisation?
If you are undertaking your research in an organisation then does it have any ethical policies or procedures you must adhere to?
What are the ethical scrutiny requirements of your centre?
The purpose of the Freedom of Information Act in the United Kingdom is to:a Ensure data privacy and protect personal data.b Increase the transparency and accountability of public authorities.c Enable anyone to get information for any reason from any organisation.d Ensure that people who request
Which of the following is not part of the principles underpinning the Data Protection Act?a Data may only be used for the purpose for which they were collected.b Data must be stored in a secure way.c Data must be kept for five years.d People have a right of access to any data held about them.
A gatekeeper is:a A pathway to continuing access to a group of people or organisation.b Gaining acceptance for your research from someone who can arrange access to research participants and other forms of data.c Someone who requires money to ‘let you through’ into an organisation.d The person
Which of the following approaches to organisational data gathering goes against the principles of organisational informed consent?a Taking internal organisational documents without permission.b The researcher pretending to be a job applicant in order to find out how the process works from an
Which method of data gathering is associated with a lack of informed consent?a Structured interviewing.b Questionnaire survey.c Covert observation.d Focus groups.
Why is it important that research data are stored in a secure way?a So that you can track down your respondents at a later date if you want to get more data from them.b So that people will not know what you have written about them.c So that the external examiners can see the data if they want to.d
HR researchers have a duty of care to minimise any risk to research participants of:a Physical discomfort or injury.b Stress or anxiety.c Coercion to participate.d All of the above.
Which of the following is a purpose of standards in management and HR?a To provide the basis for ethical and effective professional activity.b To increase efficiency and consistency of HR practices in organisations.c To ensure cross-organisational working and compliance with accepted norms of good
Why are ethical considerations an imperative in HR research?a Because the ends justify the means.b Because research, like HR, is an inherently bureaucratic process.c Because adherence to a professional code of conduct and ethics is important for the development of relationships of trust and
What strategies might you adopt to manage the time pressures of organisational and academic deadlines and produce a literature review of good quality?
To what extent is your thinking determined by features like the organisational culture of your employing organisation, your previous work experience, your national cultural background, your political preferences, etc? What steps do you need to take to ensure you consider the issues from a range of
In your writing are you able to distinguish between facts and opinions? To what extent is your writing style ‘objective and impersonal’?What feedback have you received on this in past assignments?
To what extent do you adopt a questioning and an evaluative approach when you are reading? How successful are you at making explicit the underlying theories and assumptions in what you read? If you were to create a template for new articles that you have read, what would your criteria be?
How effective are your reading and notetaking‘habits’ and strategies? In previous assignments how easy has it been to write an overview of what you have read about a topic? How organised is your note-taking system? To what extent do you note down readings that you agree with and tend to skip
What is your preferred learning style? In which environment do you work best? What are the best conditions for you to write your literature review?
Revisit assignments you have produced previously for your course. What feedback have tutors made about your referencing technique? How confident do you feel about referencing? What will you do to improve your referencing?
Reflect critically on your use of literature in previous assignments. To what extent have you relied on ideas ‘derived’ from other places (usually textbooks)?
Which academic journals are you already familiar with and which do you find the most challenging to analyse?
How familiar are you with HR related internet‘gateways’ and other search engines?
What user-name and passwords do you need and where can you get them?
What literature and information sources are available to you (physically and electronically)from:• your study centre;• your place of work;• any professional institutions of which you or your organisation is a member?
What percentage of your final mark is allocated to your literature review? What sort of word length is expected? To what extent are ‘academic’ articles and books expected?
Why is it important to analyse the credentials of authors that you read and cite?a To ensure only academically qualified sources are used.b In case your tutor asks you a question about your references.c So you can use the information in your list of references.d To demonstrate your critical
When referencing, page numbers must be shown when:a You read any textbook relevant to your project.b A source has been written by more than one author.c You are using a direct quotation to enhance your argument.d When you download a database.
When evaluating the ‘position’ of authors, you are exploring:a Who the lead author is in a multipleauthored publication.b How the work is similar to and different from other researchers.c The political affiliation of the authors.d Whether the author can structure an article in a logical
Which of the following journals is a‘peer-reviewed’ journal?a HR Grapevine b Human Resource Development International c The Economist d Personnel Review
Which of the following is an academic database?a People Management b European Journal of Training and Development c Ingenta Connect d www.acas.org.uk
Which of the following describes a chronological structure?a The review is ordered by the impact factor of the journals you have used.b The review is ordered by identifying groups of themes.c The review is ordered by looking at how concepts have evolved over different time periods.d The review is
(1), 47–61.
(1), 47–61.d Pereira, V., Fontinha, R., Pawan, B.and Arora, B. (2018) Human resource management and performance at the Indian railway. Journal of Organizational Change Management,
(1), 47–61.b Pereira, V., Fontinha, R., Pawan, B.and Arora, B. (2018) Human resource management and performance at the Indian railway. Journal of Organizational Change Management, pp. 47–61.c Pereira et al. (2018) Human resource management and performance at the Indian railway. Journal of
Which of the following references is presented in the correct format (in line with the approach shown in this book) for your bibliography?a Pereira, V., Fontinha, R., Pawan, B.and Arora, B. (2018) Human resource management and performance at the Indian railway.
years ago.d Only using studies which feature empirical data.
A systematic literature search involves:a Identifying, reviewing and analysing sources using specific criteria.b Identifying the systems that are most important to your research topic.c Eliminating research studies carried out over
The ALT principles of being critical stands for:a Argument, literature, theory.b Assert, list, trustworthiness.c Analysis, logic, timeliness.d Argument, logic, trustworthiness.
For the purpose of your literature review, which of the following would be classed as an official document?a An organisation’s CSR policy.b A journal article sponsored by a professional body.c A newspaper article in the national press.d A personal blog by a credible academic.
How might you be able to link your practitioner research with your professional development? To what extent will your position within your professional area or within your organisation affect the extent to which you can probe into and challenge your own (and others’) assumptions about HR
How might your position in the organisation affect, and be affected by, the research project you plan to conduct? What are the implications of your role for the research strategy that you are considering? How will you ensure that you behave ethically for the duration of your project?
What will be the main challenges for you with regard to access to organisation(s), people and documents? What skills and behaviours will you need to develop to overcome those challenges? What opportunities does your current situation afford for access to people and data?
How clear are you about the aims of your potential project? What are the key concepts that you will need to explore? Who are the key authors in this field? Who might you discuss your research ideas with?
Write a summary (no more than three sentences for each) of the four research strategies (cross-sectional research;case study; action research; comparative research). Which strategy is most attractive to you and why? What are the potential challenges of this approach?
If you have not yet determined your project, identify three possible research ideas. For each of them write down three advantages/disadvantages. Make sure you take account of the perspective of yourself, your study centre and (where appropriate) your employing organisation, in the advantages and
How much time is left until your project must be completed and submitted? What are likely to be the main stages of your project?How long will you have to complete each of them? How will you measure and record your progress? How much ‘slack’ is built into your timeline, and is this likely to be
Which of the chapters do you think will be the biggest challenge for your own project? What can you do to overcome these challenges?
To what extent has the author considered ethical implications of the study?
How did the author analyse data? How would you rate the depth of the analysis?
How did the author get access to the case study organisation(s)? Could you use this approach within your own study?
What research strategy has the author used? Does this seem logical for the issue investigated?
To what extent has the author discussed methodological decisions and what are the implications of this for what will be expected of you?
Has the author used a research question or objectives? How clearly have they been articulated? Does there seem to be a preference for a hypothesis, a research aim or a principal research question in your study centre?
What was the chosen topic? Did the author articulate how and why he or she made this choice?
Where a research project is seeking to obtain an accurate picture of something that occurred in a specific organisation, this approach is identified as:a Explanatory.b Exploratory.c Descriptive.d Comparative.
Which of the following is a research strategy?a PESTLE analysis.b Semi-structured interview.c Positivism.d Action research.
Cross-cultural studies make use of:a A case study research strategy.b A comparative research strategy.c An appreciative inquiry approach.d A longitudinal research strategy.
A challenge of case study based research is:a Findings cannot be generalised.b Individuals do not get their own voice.c It is suitable only for very large organisations.d It requires both qualitative and quantitative data.
Researchers with an interpretivist perspective seek to…a Establish correlations between different variables.b Make sense of individual experiences.c Extrapolate findings across cross-cultural contexts.d Triangulate different data sources.
Positivist researchers believe…a Research should be value-free, utilise a scientific method, and based on empirical observations.b Unexpected events and contextual differences prevent researchers from generalising about their research findings.c There is no substitute for an in-depth, reflexive
Exploring research philosophy involves:a Choosing between qualitative and quantitative methods.b Considering how we make sense of the world and the implications this has on research.c Analysing your primary and secondary data.d Identifying your research respondents.
Describe how you will feel when you have completed your project. Hold on to that feeling!
What opportunities can you identify to ‘sell’your project ideas to:a) your manager and colleagues;b) others in the organisation?
What are the timescales for your project that are required by:a) your study centre;b) your organisation? What are the implications of this for the process of doing your project?
What are the status or ‘political’ issues within your organisation that may affect the process of undertaking your project? How might you be able to manage these effectively?
What skills and competences have you already developed that you can utilise in the process of undertaking your project?
What options might you consider to obtain primary data? What are the skill implications of the data generation options that you are considering?
How aware are you of sources of secondary data that would be relevant to your project?What skills will you need to obtain and analyse the secondary data you have in mind?(Chapter 7 is particularly relevant to these issues.)
is particularly relevant to these issues.)
How confident are you about the process of undertaking a literature search to enable you to critically evaluate what is already known about your topic? What are the skills you will need to search and critically review theories, models and concepts within the literature?(Chapter
What resources or expertise and advice are available to you from your project supervisor?How can you make best use of these resources?
is particularly relevant to these questions.)
How clear are you about a topic for your project? Who do you need to discuss your ideas with to decide about the feasibility of the project? (Chapter
What access issues might there be in your chosen organisation? What are the likely timescales for obtaining permission?
How feasible is it for you to undertake research in one organisation? For how long do you expect to be a part of the organisation in which your research may be based? What other options may be open to you?
What influence might your professional, organisational or personal background have on the way you approach your research? Do you see your role as a researcher as being like a detective, a doctor or an explorer?Will you be working as an outsider or as an insider? What are the implications of your
Demonstrating reflective practice. If you are a member of a professional body like CIPD then you will need to undertake continuing professional development (CPD). There are many benefits to a process of reflection about your professional development and a commitment to developing your skills and
Project planning. Answering these questions should help you to identify actions and priorities that will be important in undertaking your project. The answers you make to these questions may influence:–– which chapters of this book you need to study particularly closely;–– which sources of
Are there any time-sensitive elements to your project? For example, in being able to obtain data produced on an annual basis.
What personal commitments do you have during the year? How can you build this into your timeline?
What are your busiest times at work and how do they coincide with deadlines for your project? How will you manage this process?
What support is available to students when undertaking their project and how can that support be accessed?
Are implementable recommendations a requirement for the project?
Does the research have to be based in an organisation?
How important is it to gather primary data?
What level of engagement with theories, concepts, frameworks of best practice etc is expected?
Over what timescale should the project be undertaken?
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