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Social Research Methods 4th Edition Alan Bryman - Solutions
What are the main diffi culties of following this ethical principle?
Why is the issue of informed consent so hotly debated?
What are some of the diffi culties that arise in following this ethical principle?
Does ‘harm to participants’ refer to physical harm alone?
Outline the different stances on ethics in social research.Ethical principles
Why are ethical issues important in relation to the conduct of social research?
Once your research has been completed, have you met obligations that were a requirement of doing the research (for example, submitting a report to an organization that allowed you access)?
Does your strategy for keeping your data in electronic form comply with data protection legislation?
Once the data have been collected, have you taken steps to ensure that the names of your research participants and the location of your research (such as the name of the organization(s) in which it took place) are not identifi able?
Have you taken steps to ensure that the confi dentiality of data relating to your research participants will be maintained?
Have you taken steps to ensure that your research participants will not be deceived about the research and its purposes?
Do you appreciate that you should not divulge information or views to your research participants that other research participants have given you?
Does your research conform to the principle of informed consent, so that research participants understand:what the research is about?the purposes of the research?who is sponsoring it?the nature of their involvement in the research?how long their participation is going to take?that their
Have you checked to ensure that there is no prospect of any harm coming to participants?
If only certain types of research need to be submitted, have you checked to see whether your proposed research is likely to require clearance?
Have you found out whether all proposed research needs to be submitted to the body in your institution that is responsible for the oversight of ethical issues?
Have you read and incorporated the requirements for doing ethical research in your institution?
Have you read and incorporated into your research the principles associated with at least one of the major professional associations mentioned in this book?
Why is it taken so seriously by researchers?
What is plagiarism?
What is the role of the bibliography and what makes a good one?Avoiding plagiarism
What are the main referencing styles used in academic work and which of these is preferred by your institution?
Why is it important to reference your work?
What is a keyword and how is it useful in searching the literature?Referencing your work
What are the main ways of fi nding existing literature on your subject?
In what type of research is narrative review most appropriate?Searching the existing literature
What are the main reasons for conducting a narrative literature review?
What type of research questions is systematic review most suited to addressing?
What are the main advantages and disadvantages associated with systematic review?
How can you ensure that you get the most from your reading?
What are the main reasons for writing a literature review?
Has someone read a draft of your review to check on your writing style and the strength of your arguments about the literature?
What story are you going to tell about the literature? In other words, have you worked out what is going to be the message about the literature that you want to tell your readers?
Have you adopted a critical approach to presenting your literature review?
Have you been writing notes on what you have read? Do you need to reconsider how what you have read fi ts into your research?
Have you addressed any key controversies in the literature and any different ways of conceptualizing your subject matter?
Is what you have read going to infl uence or has it infl uenced your research design in any way? Has it given you ideas about what you need to consider and incorporate?
Is your search for the literature and the review you are writing being guided by your research questions? Has your reading of the literature made you think about revising your research questions?
What have you learned from the literature? Has this changed in any way your understanding of the subject in which you are working?
What have you read recently? Have you found time to read?
What literature searching have you done recently?
Is your list of references up to date in your current areas of interest? Are there new areas of interest that you need to search on? Is it reasonably comprehensive?
Have you refl ected on what your audience is expecting from the literature review?
What is the purpose of the research proposal and how can it be useful?
What criteria can be used to evaluate research questions?Writing your research proposal
What are the main steps involved in developing research questions?
What are the main sources of research questions?
Why are research questions necessary?
Why is it important to devise a timetable for your research project?Formulating suitable research questions
Have you allowed enough time for getting clearance through an ethics committee, if that is required for your research?
Have you checked out whether there are likely to be any ethical issues that might be raised in connection with your research?
Have you allowed others to comment on your work so far and responded to their feedback?
Are you familiar with the data analysis software that you will be using to analyse your data?
Do you have the access that you require in order to carry out your research?
Are the research questions you have identifi ed capable of being answered through your research project?
Have you formulated some research questions and discussed these with your supervisor?
Have you got suffi cient fi nancial and practical resources (for example, money to enable travel to research site, recording device) to enable you to carry out your research project?
Do you have a clear timetable for your research project with clearly identifi able milestones for the achievement of specifi c tasks?
Have you allowed enough time for planning, doing, and writing up your research project?
Have you made contact with your supervisor?
Do you know what the requirements for your dissertation are, as set out by your university or department?
What role do women accord to partners, mothers, siblings, and professionals in their decision-making about childhood vaccination?
How do women place themselves and their decisions about childhood vaccination, in terms of the discourse of risk, responsibility, autonomy, and expertise?
Do mothers consider they have a choice regarding childhood vaccination? If so, in what sense do they see this as a choice and what, if any, constraints do they identify as they seek to exercise that choice?
How do mothers frame their decisions regarding childhood vaccination? In particular, do they present this as a matter of moral obligation (to their child/to the community)?
Why might comparative research yield important insights?
What are the chief strengths of a comparative research design?
What are some of the principles by which cases might be selected?Comparative design
Is case study research exclusive to qualitative research?
What is a case study?
What are the main differences between panel and cohort designs in longitudinal research?Case study design
Why might a longitudinal research design be superior to a cross-sectional one?
To what extent is the survey design exclusive to quantitative research?Longitudinal design(s)
Assess the degree to which the survey researcher can achieve internally valid fi ndings.
In what ways does the survey exemplify the cross-sectional research design?
What is a quasi-experiment?Cross-sectional design
Following on from the previous question, if experimental design is so useful and important, why is it not used more?
How far do you agree with the view that the main importance of the experimental design for the social researcher is that it represents a model of how to infer causal connections between variables?
A researcher reasons that people who read broadsheet newspapers are likely to be more knowledgeable about personal fi nance than readers of tabloid newspapers. He interviews 100 people about the newspapers they read and their level of fi nancial knowledge. Sixty-fi ve people read tabloids and
What are the main research designs that have been outlined in this chapter?
Why have some qualitative researchers not sought to devise alternative criteria from reliability and validity when assessing the quality of investigations?Research designs
Why have some qualitative researchers sought to devise alternative criteria from reliability and validity when assessing the quality of investigations?
Outline the meaning of each of the following: measurement validity; internal validity; external validity; and ecological validity.
What are the differences between reliability and validity and why are these important criteria for the evaluation of social research?
In terms of the defi nitions used in this book, what are the chief differences between each of the following: a research method; a research strategy; and a research design?Criteria in social research
What are some of the main infl uences on social research?
To what extent is quantitative research solely concerned with testing theories and qualitative research with generating theories?Infl uences on the conduct of social research
Outline the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research in terms of: the relationship between theory and data; epistemological considerations; and ontological considerations.
Which theoretical ideas have been particularly instrumental in the growth of interest in qualitative research?Research strategy: quantitative and qualitative research
What is meant by objectivism and constructionism?
What are the main differences between epistemological and ontological considerations?
What are the implications of epistemological considerations for research practice?Ontological considerations
What is meant by each of the following terms: positivism; realism; and interpretivism? Why is it important to understand each of them?
What are the differences between inductive and deductive theory and why is the distinction important?Epistemological considerations
Outline, using examples of your own, the difference between grand and middle-range theory.
If you had to conduct some social research now, what would the topic be and what factors would have infl uenced your choice? How important was addressing theory in your consideration?
If research does not always go according to plan, why should we bother with methodological principles at all?
How might you structure the report of the fi ndings of a project that you conducted?The messiness of social research
What are the main differences between the kinds of data analysed by Zimdars et al. (2009) and Jones et al. (2010)?
Outline one or two factors that might affect a researcher’s choice of data-collection instrument.
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