Social Research Methods 4th Edition Alan Bryman - Solutions

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Are there other ways to get ‘under the skin’ of power relations without using discourse analysis?
Could discourse analysis be the main component of your methodology or a contextual support?
How might you make use of discourse analysis in a planned research project?
How can documents provide a level of triangulation for the project data?
What can I learn from this document?
What tools might I use to source and analyse the document?
Why might it be important to seek this background information? How will this information assist with my analysis?
What is the background to this topic/issue/question and where might I locate that information?
What international comparisons could you make that might be helpful in examining a leadership/management issue in your educational institution?
Could you employ existing data about your school or college to analyse a problematic issue in your role as an educational leader?
Return to precisely what do I need to find out? Which statistical strategies will be necessary in order to provide you with that information? It is best to find out before you are finally committed to the wording of your questionnaire.
Can you achieve anonymity for respondents to your questionnaire? Do you need to, or will confidentiality be sufficient? How will you explain your intentions to your respondents?
What are the concepts in which you are interested? Can you identify measurable indicators of them? How might you ask your respondents about these?
Think about what your research is trying to find out. Can you write your priorities as a research question (or questions)? Who do you need to ask in order to address these – students, teachers, support staff, others?
If you are planning a future research project, what type of interviews might be appropriate? For what purposes might a focus group be more appropriate than single interviews?
What skills do you think that you bring to interviewing? What skills might you need to develop?
Is the power distance between leaders and learners the most significant barrier to involving learners in research on leaders and leadership?
In what ways might you involve learners in researching the leadership of your own educational organisation?
In relation to analysing narrative and life history data, what are the advantages and disadvantages of using coding and thematic techniques versus more holistic approaches? Can the two approaches be reconciled?
What are some of the issues involved with collecting and interpreting somebody else’s ‘story’? What influence do you think you, as the researcher, will have on the data that emerges? What issues does this raise for your research and how might you address these issues?
Can you think of a suitable research problem in your own institution that could be addressed by using a life history and narrative approach?What ethical issues do you think may be linked to such a study?
You are a member of a senior management team in a school which has recently become part of a federated arrangement with several other schools. How and why could ethnographic research allow you to interrogate the benefits for all/some students’ learning? Which methods might seem appropriate?
You are a university academic. The university in which you work is undergoing major reorganisation. How and why could ethnographic study allow you to focus upon the management of change? What might be its strengths and weaknesses, and from which/whose perspectives?
You are a primary/secondary school lead practitioner. Your school has recently been twinned ‘online’ with a school in South Africa. Think about the purposes of such arrangements and how its processes and outcomes might be researched. What might be ethnography’s contribution?What methods could
What purpose does abstraction and conceptualisation serve in grounded theory?
What makes grounded theory distinct from other qualitative research methods?
What are the sequential stages, and the procedures associated with each stage, in a grounded theory you are designing?
How would you decide whether grounded theory is suitable as an approach for a particular research project you have in mind?
What structures and opportunities already exist for collaborative CPD, and could these be developed to incorporate practitioner enquiry?
Practitioner enquiry is all about researching pedagogic practice – how can the competing demands of research and practice be best managed?
How does practitioner enquiry fit into a wider process of school improvement?
How will you disseminate your findings whilst retaining confidentiality?
How will you design your study to capture interesting aspects of the case?
Why undertake case study? What special phenomenon are you trying to investigate?
Do you think it is possible to design a constructivist survey? If yes, how would you do this?
As we mentioned earlier, survey research is one of the most widely used methods in leadership research. Do you think it is overused?Why/why not?
Think of a survey you have recently completed. What do you think of it in relation to the quality issues we have discussed above? What would you do to improve this survey?
Try to think of a hypothetical study design that includes quantitative and qualitative components. What would you call the design?
Which of the rationales for conducting mixed research do you think is the most important in the area of research that is important to you (triangulation, complementarity, development, initiation or expansion)? Why?
Design a mixed research study that employs quantitative and qualitative methods sequentially and with equal paradigm status. Discuss and provide a rationale for why the phases are ordered in the way that you propose.
Which of the following do you tend to like the best: qualitative research, quantitative research or mixed research? Why?
What methods have you chosen to use and why have you chosen these methods?
What is your preferred approach to the use of quantitative and/or qualitative approaches and what are your reasons for employing either one of these or a combination of the two?
How does your chosen strategy align with your epistemological and ontological perspective?
What is your chosen strategy and why have you chosen this strategy?
What is your ethical stance and why have you chosen this stance?
What value perspective is interpolated into your study and in what way?
How do you understand the relationship between yourself as the datacollector and the data you are collecting?
What is the relationship between the data you are collecting and the object of your research?
What is your chosen epistemological stance and what are your reasons for choosing it?
What is your chosen ontological stance and what are your reasons for choosing it?
What is an appropriate design for your research study?
What are you trying to find out?
What are the main ethical issues facing insider researchers, and how might these be resolved?
In what ways do researchers act as leaders of research projects, even when they are the sole researcher?
In what ways might the construction of collaborative cultures in research projects improve the trustworthiness of outcomes?
Would you be able to defend the authenticity of your research at a seminar or conference?
How will you maximise the validity of your research by adopting methodological and/or respondent triangulation?
How will you ensure that your research instruments measure what they are supposed to measure?
How will you ensure that your research is reliable and valid?
What evaluative criteria have been applied to your chosen resources?
How can you ensure that your review of the literature is systematic?
Is your topic recent or one with an historical perspective?
Consider your research questions and how these may be broken down into keywords.
What are the likely fieldwork issues and challenges you are going to face?Reflect upon the experiences and skills you are bringing to the research. If you are working as part of a team, do you have a good balance of competencies?
If your research is cross-cultural, what are the background factors that should be foregrounded in your research? Reflect upon the historical, ideological and institutional contexts and the relative importance each may have in shaping your research.
Reflect upon the cultural variables and value choices that shape the field in which you are working.
As we move further into the 21st century, what other marginalising conditions, not mentioned in this chapter, do we need to become more aware of?
To what extent do those that provide your leadership programmes adopt a critical stance and/or provide materials for you to read that are based on any of the critical theories mentioned in this chapter?
How can we best justify a chosen stance, and its ensuing methodology, to ourselves and to others?
What features would characterise educational leadership research for which an interpretivist stance was appropriate?
What features would characterise educational leadership research for which a positivist stance was appropriate?
Outline some of the chief ways in which academic writing is distinctive.
How far does it succeed in integrating the quantitative and the qualitative fi ndings?Academic writing
How far does it exhibit the same characteristics as the one by Poortinga et al.?
Read an article based on quantitative research in a British sociology journal.
If you were writing up the results of a qualitative interview study you had undertaken, what would be your approach to using (or indeed not using) verbatim quotations from your transcripts?Writing up mixed methods research
How far is the structure of the article by Jones et al. different from Kelley and De Graaf’s?
Read an article based on quantitative research in a British sociology journal. How far does it exhibit the same characteristics as the article by Jones et al. (2010)?
What is meant by rhetorical strategy? Why might rhetorical strategies be important in relation to the writing-up of social research?Writing up qualitative research
Read an article based on quantitative research in a British sociology journal. How far does it exhibit the same characteristics as Kelley and De Graaf’s (1997) article?
Why is it important to be clear about your main argument when writing up your fi ndings?Writing up quantitative research
Why is it important to consider the ways in which social research is written up?Writing up your research
Have you acknowledged the help of others where this is appropriate (for example, your supervisor, people who may have helped with interviews, people who read your drafts)?
Is there a good correspondence between the title of your project and its contents?
Have you fully acknowledged the work of others so that you cannot be accused of plagiarism?
Have you ensured that you do not quote excessively when presenting the literature?
Have you ensured that your institution’s requirements for submitting projects are fully met in terms of such issues as word length (so that it is neither too long nor too short) and whether an abstract and table of contents are required?
Do you provide clear signposts in the course of writing, so that readers are clear about what to expect next and why it is there?
Have you checked to ensure that there is not excessive use of jargon?
Have you got people other than your supervisor to read your draft chapters for you?
Have you followed your supervisor’s suggestions when he or she has commented on your draft chapters?
Have you checked that your list of references follows precisely the style that your institution requires?
Have you checked that your list of references includes all the items referred to in your text?
Have you included all appendices that you might need to provide (for example, interview schedule, letters requesting access, communications with research participants)?
Does your writing avoid sexist, racist, and disablist language?
Have you broken up the text in each chapter with appropriate subheadings?
Does your presentation of the fi ndings and the discussion allow a clear argument and narrative to be presented to the reader?
Do your conclusions make clear the answers to your research questions?
Do your conclusions consist solely of a summary of your fi ndings? If they do, rewrite them!

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Social Research Methods 4th Edition Alan Bryman - Solutions

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