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Communication Principles For A Lifetime 8th Edition Steven A. Beebe, Susan J. Beebe - Solutions
5.4 Identify and describe barriers that keep people from listening well.
2. What listening situations are the most challenging for you? What strategies could you use to help yourself become a more flexible listener?
1. What is your usual listening style? Do you have more than one? How do you adapt your style depending upon your listening goal?
5.3 Describe four listening styles.
5.2 Identify the elements of the listening process.
2. Keep a listening journal for one day. Keep track of your listening goals and how long you have listened. Review your journal and note when you were an effective listener and when you were less effective.
1. Identify specific instances from your own experience in which poor listening skills resulted in a significant communication problem. How would using effective listening skills have diminished or eliminated the problem?
5.1 Explain the principle of listening and responding thoughtfully to others.
5.6 Identify and use appropriate responding skills.
5.5 Identify and use strategies that can improve your listening skills.
5.4 Identify and describe barriers that keep people from listening well.
5.3 Describe four listening styles.
5.2 Identify the elements of the listening process.
5.1 Explain the principle of listening and responding thoughtfully to others.
2. What nonverbal signals do you make when you are less than truthful in your communication with someone?Do your nonverbal cues align with research findings?
1. Which nonverbal cues do you believe are the most reliable when attempting to detect deception in others?
2. Consider how you behave nonverbally when interacting with someone you are attracted to, someone you like (as a friend, acquaintance, or coworker), and someone you don’t like. Would an observer be able to detect, from your nonverbal cues, how you feel about these people?
1. Find a quiet place (where you won’t be noticed) to sit and observe people in casual conversation. Can you detect who likes who and who dislikes who (and by how much)? Who holds more status and power in the conversation, based on the nonverbal cues you observed?
4.5 Describe the primary nonverbal cues associated with deception.
4.4 Explain Mehrabian’s three-part framework for interpreting nonverbal cues.
3. Provide examples of body movements or expressions that reveal each of the six primary emotions listed below. Then generate possible alternative meanings for the same movement. For example, having your arms crossed across your chest might reveal anger or that you’re closed off and not open to
2. Inventory your nonverbal communication according to the codes or categories provided in this section of the text. What nonverbal codes represent your strengths? Which areas are weaker for you and need improvement? How will you work to change those behaviors?
1. Think about the research findings regarding the various codes or categories of nonverbal communication presented in this chapter. Does your experience with nonverbal communication correspond to these findings?
4.3 Identify and explain the seven nonverbal communication codes.
2. Think about how much you have traveled in your life, even within your own state or territory. Did you have any trouble understanding people’s nonverbal communication in any area or place you visited? Did you feel that your own nonverbal cues were correctly interpreted?
1. In addition to the personal space rules described in the chapter, give an example of another nonverbal communication rule you hold and what happens when people violate it.
2. Conduct an honest assessment of your skill level, as a nonverbal communicator. Do others have a hard time accurately interpreting your nonverbal cues? In other words, are you easy or hard to read? Do you wish to change any of your nonverbal cues? If you want to successfully incorporate new
1. Give an example of how you or someone you know has used nonverbal communication to substitute for, complement, contradict, repeat, regulate, or accent a verbal message.
4.2 Discuss six elements that reveal the nature of nonverbal communication.
4.1 Provide four reasons for studying nonverbal communication.
4.5 Describe the primary nonverbal cues associated with deception.
4.4 Explain Mehrabian’s three-part framework for interpreting nonverbal cues.
4.3 Identify and explain the seven nonverbal communication codes.
4.2 Discuss six elements that reveal the nature of nonverbal communication.
4.1 Provide four reasons for studying nonverbal communication.
2. What are your trigger words? Think about experiences related to these words and ponder how they came to trigger your emotions and attitudes. How might you react more effectively when these forms of language are directed at you in the future?
1. Think of language you have used or someone has used toward you that reflects polarization, as though there was no common ground. What effect did such language have on you or your listener?
3.5 Explain how language helps create supportive or defensive communication climates.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Supportive communication creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance; defensive communication creates a climate of hostility and mistrust.Two uses of language that breed hostility and
2. Your Bias Is Showing Here’s an activity to illustrate how people reveal their biases through their use of language. Generate a list of stereotypical terms, both positive and negative, often associated with each word below. For example, if you think about the word Democrat, you might think of
1. What do you do when someone makes a biased remark around you or to you? How can you effectively respond to show that you don’t accept such language?
3.4 Describe the major ways in which language reveals bias about race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Our language often reveals our biases. Monitor your language to avoid bias in these categories: (1) race, ethnicity,
2. Do your words have power, meaning do you use verbal language in a way that corresponds to any of the five primary ways words have power? Assess whether you tend to use words to create or label an experience, to communicate your attitudes and feelings, and so forth.Work through the five ways
1. Give an example of a time when you became acutely aware of the power of words because someone said something that either worked miracles or turned out badly for everyone involved.
3.3 Identify five primary ways in which words have power.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Words are extremely powerful.They can create and label our experiences, communicate our feelings, affect our thoughts and actions, shape and reflect our culture, and make and break our relationships.PRINCIPLE TERM:allness
2. Practicing Denotation and Connotation Below we review the differences between denotative and connotative meanings of words and provide examples.Level Definition Example Denotative Literal, restrictive definition of a word Teacher: the person primarily responsible for providing your education
1. Do you find that people’s verbal communication seems to accurately reflect the quality of their thoughts? Have you ever met anyone whose verbal skills did not seem to match his or her thinking skills?
3.2 Summarize how words are used as symbols that have denotative, connotative, concrete, and abstract meanings and are bound by culture and context.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Language is a system of symbols(words or vocabulary) structured by grammar (rules and standards) and syntax (patterns in the
2. How much of a challenge is it for you to change your language, in ways both large and small? Recall a time when you became acutely aware that you needed to “watch your language.” How successful were you at making changes?The Nature of Language
1. In taking a mental inventory of your use of language, what did you notice that you can change to improve the effectiveness of your communication?
3.1 List two reasons why it is important to study verbal communication.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Words are powerful; they affect your emotions, thoughts, actions, and relationships, as well as how you are perceived by others. The language you use also impacts your relationships.PRINCIPLE TERM:code
3.5 Explain how language helps create supportive or defensive communication climates.
3.4 Describe the major ways in which language reveals bias about race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability.
3.3 Identify five primary ways in which words have power.
3.2 Summarize how words are used as symbols that have denotative, connotative, concrete, and abstract meanings and are bound by culture and context.
3.1 List two reasons why it is important to study verbal communication.
2. Generate statements that reveal common stereotypes about people in the following groups. Try to think of stereotypes that reflect positive as well as negative perceptions.We’ve provided a couple of examples to get you started. Then focus on the damage that stereotypes can do to someone’s
1. What are some stereotypes held by people you know? Have you had a stereotype negatively inflicted on you? How did it affect your relationship with the person who used the stereotype? How did it affect your communication?
2.6 Summarize three communication strategies that can improve one’s powers of perception.PRINCIPLE POINTS: If you want to enhance your perceptual accuracy, we recommend you first increase your awareness by fully listening, observing, and paying attention to your surroundings and other people.
2. Rate yourself in terms of your powers of perception. Are you a 10, meaning you think of yourself as highly perceptive about people, communication, and events? Or are you closer to a 1 or 2, meaning that your perception often does not match the reality of a situation?Communicate to Enhance Your
1. In addition to the example given in this chapter of mistakenly thinking a person was flirting with you, what experiences have you had with misperceiving other people’s communication?
3. Interpretation, when you attach meaning to what you have attended to, selected, and organized People often differ in their perceptions of things, events, and other people. Your life experiences, how you were raised, and how you developed contribute a great deal to how you perceive the world
2. Organization, when you convert stimuli into understandable information
1. Attention and selection, when you notice and choose stimuli in your environment on which to focus
2.5 Explain the three stages of perception and why people differ in their perceptions of people and events.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Perception, the process of receiving information from your senses, involves three stages:
2.4 Practice six communication strategies for enhancing one’s self-esteem.
3. Inventory Your Self-Esteem One way to begin to improve your self-esteem is to take an honest measure of how you feel about yourself right at this very point in time. Take some time to think about yourself—who you used to be, who you were only a short time ago, and who you have developed into
10. At times, I think I am no good at all. SA A D SD Scoring Instructions To score the scale, assign a value to each of the ten items as follows and total the values:For items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7: Strongly Agree = 3, Agree = 2, Disagree = 1, Strongly Disagree = 0.For items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10:
9. I certainly feel useless at times. SA A D SD
8. I wish I could have more respect for myself. SA A D SD
7. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. SA A D SD
6. I take a positive attitude toward myself. SA A D SD
5. I feel I do not have much to be proud of. SA A D SD
4. I am able to do things as well as most other people. SA A D SD
3. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure. SA A D SD
2. I feel that I have a number of good qualities. SA A D SD
1. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others. SA A D SD
2. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale One of the most widely used scales to measure a person’s self-esteem is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Morris Rosenberg, a sociologist.Respond to items on the scale using the following system:SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D =
1. In addition to self-comparisons sparked by social media, what situations or stimuli tend to make people engage in more self-comparisons?
2.3 Describe how gender, social comparisons, and self-fulfilling prophecies affect one’s self-esteem.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Your assessment of your worth as a person in terms of skills, abilities, talents, and appearance constitutes your level of self-esteem. Self-esteem is affected by many factors,
2. Write down five words or phrases that best describe you, at this point in time. Analyze your list. How many of the five entries are nouns? How many are adjectives? How many entries imply or reflect your relationships with others? Why did you put the first entry first? If you had to remove one
1. How has communication with family, friends, teachers, or others influenced your self-concept, either in the past or present?
2.2 Describe the components of the self-concept and major influences on self-concept development.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Your self-concept is your interior identity or subjective description of who you think you are. Your self-image is your view of yourself in a particular situation. The self-concept
2. How well do you know yourself? If you have an Instagram, Twitter, or other social media account, look at it with a critical eye. Does it reflect who you think you are?Self-Concept: Who Are You?
1. Describe an example of how you or someone you know progressed through Maslow’s levels of competence.What skill did you or the other person develop?What behaviors did you or the other person demonstrate at each level?
2.1 Discuss the importance of self-awareness in the process of improving one’s communication skills.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Self-awareness is the ability to develop and communicate a representation of yourself to others.PRINCIPLE TERMS:self-awareness symbolic self-awareness PRINCIPLE SKILLS:
2.6 Summarize three communication strategies that can improve one’s powers of perception.
2.5 Explain the three stages of perception and why people differ in their perceptions of people and events.
2.4 Practice six communication strategies for enhancing one’s self-esteem.
2.3 Describe how gender, social comparisons, and self-fulfilling prophecies affect one’s self-esteem.
2.2 Describe the components of the self-concept and major influences on self-concept development.
2.1 Discuss the importance of self-awareness in the process of improving one’s communication skills.
2. Based on the description of communication competence in this chapter, think about the communication you typically have with your instructor for this course. How would you assess your communication competence with him or her?
1. Identify recent communication situations in which you felt competent and those in which you felt incompetent.What factors determined whether you felt competent or incompetent?
1.4 Describe three criteria that can be used to determine whether communication is competent.PRINCIPLE POINTS: To be both effective and appropriate, a communication message should be understood as the communicator intended it to be understood, achieve the communicator’s intended effect, and be
2. Reflect on a recent conflict you had with another person.Analyze this conflict by identifying the key components in the exchange (such as source, receiver, message, channel, etc.). What could or should have been changed to enhance the quality of communication?Communication Competence
1. In your own words, provide an example of a communication transaction in which all parties are sending and receiving information at the same time.
1.3 Explain three communication models.PRINCIPLE POINTS: Early models viewed human communication as a simple message-transfer process. Later models evolved to view communication as interaction and then as simultaneous transaction. Key components of communication include source, receiver, message,
2. How effectively can you identify the content and relational messages when interacting with others? After you conclude a conversation with a friend or acquaintance today, take a moment to write down the content of the message (the essence of what was said) and the relational message (how positive
1. List the implicit and explicit communication rules for a situation you are in regularly, such as a particular class, a regular group or team meeting, or a line at a deli or coffee shop on campus.
1.2 Define communication and describe five characteristics of the communication process.PRINCIPLE POINTS: At its most basic level, communication is the process of acting on information. Human communication is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by
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