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Mastering Communication 4th Edition Nicky Stanton - Solutions
At which of these five stages should you start making notes?
List the five stages of reading.
Give an example of a ‘slow-down’ word, a ‘speed-up’ word and a ‘here-itcomes’ word.
Apart from fictional writing, where would you expect to find the main idea of a paragraph?
Suggest at least one advantage of skimming.
What are the three categories into which you could group your reading material, in terms of its value to you?
I skimmed quickly through all these questions before I started to answer any of them
Generally, I am a rather slow reader.
I find it easy to understand and remember what I read.
I prefer to read slowly and carefully through a fairly difficult article, rather than read it quickly two or three times.
I have a tendency to daydream when trying to study a report, article or section of a report.
I always skim over the entire questionnaire, exam paper and so on, before starting to answer the questions.
When I have a lot of reading to do, I try to stick at it for as long as possible before having a break.
I pronounce words to myself when I read.
I read different types of reading material at different speeds.
I find it difficult to pick out the main idea of a passage.
I tend to go back over words and phrases I have not understood, before going on.
I skim over reading material before studying it.
The overhead projector bulb suddenly blows, the spare in the projector also doesn’t work – and you’ve only just started. What do you do?
You want to explain a complex process which involves various machines and complicated operations. Which visual aid(s) would be ideal for the purpose?
You have decided to limit yourself to two kinds of visual aid. Which ones would you try to avoid using together in the same presentation because the ‘stage management’ might present problems?
If you want to show some photos developed as transparencies, which kind of projector should you ask for?
You have been asked to conduct a discussion on a subject about which you know quite a bit, but about which the audience will also be able to contribute quite a lot. The main points of the discussion are to be reported in the organisation’s newspaper. Which visual aid would you use and why?
You have been asked to give a talk which will require a detailed explanation, based on a rather large complicated visual aid, or a piece of equipment. Which visual aid would you use and what would you need to bear in mind when preparing it?
Can you think of two reasons why producing some physical object during a presentation might be useful?
When you are using a whiteboard or flip chart, on which side of it should you stand and why?
staff representatives to discuss the way in which the old and new offices should be reorganised. You have several alternative plans which you intend to present at the start of the meeting before opening it up to discussion and you recognise that people may have their own ideas as well. Which visual
As office manager you are responsible for office organisation which includes deciding who occupies which office, the efficient location of furniture and people and the best use of space generally. A new extension to the office block is about to become available and you have called a meeting of
Which points should the chairperson be aware of in conducting a vote?
There seemed to be a fair amount of confused uttering of meeting terminology. Did the members understand the terms they were using? Do you know what the following terms mean?(a) a point of order(b) call the chair to order(c) a point of information(d) rule the point out of order(e) an amendment
What are the accepted rules for speaking at a formal meeting?
Crass and his colleagues were obviously not sure about the difference between a proposition, a motion and a resolution. What is the difference?
In paragraph 3, Crass makes a proposal. What was his reason for doing so? Is the reason justified?
What mistakes did Payne make in carrying out his role as chairman?
of The Beano about the principles governing where and when a meeting should take place?
What do you deduce from paragraph
In knowing how to participate at meetings, your best advice is to follow the basic principles of effective communication.
Solutions to a problem should be invited immediately the chairperson has introduced the subject for discussion.
Items of business requiring very little discussion should be placed last on the agenda, in case time runs out and there is no chance to discuss everything.
Participation involves a willingness to assume some leadership functions and a willingness to contribute your comments spontaneously.
Autocratic leadership is a type of leadership in which the leader plays a ‘permissive’ role sharing the functions of leadership with members of the group by encouraging their participation in goal setting, and in planning and directing the activities of the group.
How can the physical setting affect the group?
Which three main questions do members of a group ask themselves either consciously or subconsciously on joining a group? Suggest typical examples.
What does the ‘hidden agenda’ mean?
For a group to be effective, is it essential for all the members to have similar personalities?
What is the optimum size of a group? Why?
Name two uncontrollable variables and two controllable variables which may interact and affect the resulting variables – group productivity and member satisfaction.
Give two reasons why decisions made by a group are likely to be better than those made by one individual working alone.
Give two reasons for the trend towards what might be termed ‘management by committee’.
‘Why did you take CSEs instead of “O” levels in 1986 or perhaps you didn’t.(Looking down at the form.) Did you take CSEs in preparation for “O” levels the next year or because you were in the CSE stream? And did you improve your grade when you took them again – CSEs I mean, not
‘You say that you’re persistent in the face of problems, but three jobs in four years doesn’t indicate that you stick at anything for very long, does it?’
‘Do you realise that as the supervisor of this section I am here to carry the can for your weaknesses?’
‘Did you have a good journey?’
You are attending a course at a local college, but you and the other course members are very concerned about a particular member of staff’s teaching. You have been advised to speak to the member of staff personally in the hope that an improvement will remove the need to take the matter further.
You are having problems getting on with a colleague. He seems to be avoiding you and no one seems to know why. You have mentioned the problem to your boss, who has suggested you first try to speak to the colleague yourself, during a quiet moment. How would you start the interview?
You have a temporary job selling ‘executive desk-tidies’ (containers for pens, pencils and paperclips). Always supposing you manage to get past the secretary and in to see the executive, how would you start the interview?
You have been invited to the wedding of an old schoolfriend, but you have used up all your annual leave and so need to persuade your boss to allow you to take the Friday off in order to travel. You have made an appointment to see them but have not told them what your purpose is. Which type of
Which types of interview information would you expect to predominate in each of the interviews in Question 2?
What is the basic purpose of each of the following interviews?(a) selection/employment interview(b) market research interview(c) interview with the witness of an accident(d) performance appraisal interview(e) sales interview.
How does an interview differ from a spontaneous conversation?
Was the time well spent?
How long did the interview take? How long should it have taken?
Did they consider mine fairly?
Did I consider the other person’s point of view fairly?
Did I listen sufficiently? Did I talk more than I should have done?
Did I achieve what I had hoped or expected?
What did I expect or hope to achieve by it?
Was it held at the right time and in the right place?
Was it with the right person?
Was the purpose of the interview clear? To both of us?
Why did the interview take place?
Find out when telephone calls are charged at the cheap rate, and what the different rates are.
Find out now how your organisation’s telephone system works, including these points:● Does a call come straight through to you, or through an operator?● Does your organisation expect you to answer a telephone call in a particular way? If so, how?● How do you transfer an internal call? An
If the verbal message and the non-verbal message conflict, which are we likely to believe?
When two or more people are conversing they must take it in turns to speak, and usually achieve a fairly smooth pattern of synchronising. Which non-verbal signals in particular are used in controlling the synchronisation of speech?
Other things being equal, what is the impression you are likely to convey if you look at someone while you are talking?
Human beings seem to have a sense of ‘personal space’ which is divided into four types of distance each appropriate for different kinds of interaction and relationships. What are the names of the four types of distance?
What is the term given to the science or study of body language?
If you arrive half an hour late for an interview, without apologising, how might the interviewer interpret your late arrival?
How can silence serve as an effective method of encouraging communication?
What is ‘metacommunication’?
Can you recall turning up for a meeting at work, or with a friend, early?late? You may have had good reasons but how might the other person have interpreted it?
Can you recall an incident lately when you noticed that someone else’s attitude to time was different from yours? What effect did it have on you?
Think about your attitude to time. Does punctuality matter to you? Always or only on some occasions? If so, which ones?
Now look back at the four ‘listeners’ at the beginning of the chapter. Which of the aids to good listening would be particularly helpful for each one?
How can a listener resist distractions?
List and explain the five ways by which we can show we are listening.
What proportion of the original message is remembered after three days, according to one study?
What percentage of communicating time does the average white-collar worker spend listening?
Do you try to be sure that you are considering the other person’s point of view before you comment, answer or disagree?
In discussion, are you willing to let the other speaker have the last word?
Do you restrain yourself (you do not interrupt or ‘stop listening’) when you hear something you believe to be wrong?
Do you try consciously to work out the logic and rationality of what is being said?
Do you keep your mind on the topic continuously and follow the train of thought being presented?
Do you allow for your own prejudices and feelings as you evaluate what the speaker has to say?
Do you ‘pay attention’: do you look at the speaker as well as listen to what they have to say?
Do you take no notice of a speaker’s appearance and watch out only for the ideas they are presenting?
Do you listen for underlying feelings as well as facts?
Do you place yourself in the room so that you are certain you can hear clearly?
Have you seen the house she inhabits?
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