Introducing Communication Research Paths Of Inquiry 3rd Edition Donald Treadwell - Solutions

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If you fail to persuade, have you a fall-back position with which you would be satisfied?
What is the nature of the problem to be solved?
Is the interview seeking change in beliefs or behaviour?
If so, what type of information?
Are you seeking information or giving information?
What exactly do you hope to accomplish?
What broad type of interview is it?
Discuss with your colleagues which of the mobile phone habits mentioned above particularly annoy each of you, and re-write the list of do’s and don’ts in order of importance.
Decide on a particular piece of information you need; work out which firms or organisations might be able to help you and make the necessary telephone calls to get the information.If you are not successful, analyse your telephone method and work out why.Try again – for some new information
We have all suffered at the hands of switchboard operators who behave as if taking a call is an inconvenient interruption.If you were selecting a receptionist or switchboard operator, which six personal qualities would you look for?
Replace some of your body language (head-nods, quizzical expressions) with verbal equivalents: ‘Yes’, ‘Of course’, ‘I’m not sure I understood that last point.Could you …’
Punctuate your conversation with ‘you’, ‘your’ and occasionally the person’s name.
Remember, when you tell a lie your voice rises involuntarily; on the phone this is easily detected.
Avoid clichés (‘with all due respect’, ‘between you and me’, ‘to cut a long story short’, etc.) that say one thing and clearly mean something else.
Don’t use specialised language (company or professional jargon): what’s jargon to you may be a foreign language to the other person.
Try to relax; stretch to loosen your muscles and breathe evenly – tension can feed straight into your voice and create a negative image.
Mirror positive feelings in your facial expressions; if you smile while you speak, you’ll put a smile in your voice.
Focus your concentration on what you’re saying and what’s being said to you.
Don’t worry what you look like when you’re on the phone; use as much (or as little) body language as you wish.
A smile can be heard – in the tone of voice, which will sound pleasant and interested. If you scowl or frown, your tone will be unfriendly and uninterestedRing up five organisations and make notes of how you are dealt with.What impression did you get of each organisation?
Use ‘anticipatory feedback’ to guide your conversation: imagine the other person’s response to a statement you are about to make and then modify what you actually say to achieve the intended result.
Check your hunches by replaying your impressions to the caller, use ‘reflecting back’ phrases (remember Chapter 3 on Listening) like ‘What you seem to be feeling is …’
Look out for hesitations, self-mocking comments and other clues about the speaker’s state of mind
Stay relaxed and allow ideas about the speaker to drift into your mind;unforced impressions can prove to be remarkably accurate.
● Trust your intuition when picking up clues about the other person’s personality, feelings and mood.
List the ways in which inefficient use of the telephone has irritated you
What do you think might have been the likely outcome of this telephone conversation? Imagine the possible sequence of events. Make a list and then alongside, list what should have been done to avoid these consequences.
Have a discussion with a friend about how you each use body language, time and silence to communicate.How do you each feel about the non-verbal communication of the other? Is it helpful?Does your friend tell you that sometimes your non-verbal signals communicate things you don’t want to? Make a
Next time you are in a group conversation, look at the posture and gestures of those in the group and see if there is a link between shared gestures and posture and shared opinions and attitudes.
Do you find it difficult to talk naturally?
Does it feel awkward, as if your hands are fighting to get away?
Next time you are in conversation, try clasping your hands together so that you can’t move them.
Change of body posture can also, of course, signal the beginning or end of an encounter or the desire to speak. The good communicator will be on the lookout for these signals.
If touching can be so effective in times of trouble and to show affection, do you think communication could be improved if we were less inhibited in our use of touch? Give some examples to support your argument.
Since space and its use make such a contribution to your total communication effort, you should know how to encode and decode these ‘space messages’ in order to avoid unconsciously offending others or being offended.
What do you do in response?
How do you feel when someone gets ‘too close’?
Do these classifications agree with your experience of the way in which people use their personal space?
Think of examples from your own experience of the way in which ‘space speaks’.
How do you feel when people invade your territory?
How do you indicate to the rest of the world that this is your patch, whether it is your office space or your work station or your room at home?
How do you stake your claim?
How do people at work stake their claim on a particular territory?
What effect does it have on other people’s behaviour?
Do other people seem to have this attitude to ‘their space’?
If you are a student, do you always tend to sit in the same place in the lecture room? What do you do to this space to show it is yours?
Do you have a particular space which you feel is your own?
It follows that to be a good reader of body language you need to sharpen your powers of observation and your ability to decode the messages; you need to be more aware of the presence of these messages and their possible meanings; to be constantly alert to the effect of your body language on other
List five examples of body language and what message they each convey
Can you tell whether someone has understood you, from the way they look?
How do you know that someone agrees with you, when you are speaking to them?
What factors make up ‘appearance’?
Do you think a person’s appearance matters?
Before you travel and/or do business abroad you should check carefully on local customs, cultures and communication and remember that people do things differently just as people within your own culture have different values, attitudes and customs.
Have you ever thought that your attitude to time may annoy other people?
For example, do you get irritated by people who are always rushing about at work? Or by people who seem to do everything at an infuriating snail’s pace?
Does it irritate you when they are not?
Do you expect other people to be like you?
Are you a fast-moving, energetic person? Or a slow, cautious person?
Would you describe yourself as a person for whom time is very important?
Record your voice and think about the way you speak – the physical process you use to produce the sounds.Now write a short critique of your speaking style. Include good and bad points.
Have you ever been in conversation with someone who seems unwilling to look you in the eye and intent on looking almost everywhere but at you? How does this make you feel? Write down your feelings and/or discuss them with others in a group.
Does your accent change?
Do your movements and posture become stiff and awkward?
Does your rate of speech speed up or slow down?
Does your voice become higher or lower?
Do you freeze up when talking to certain people?
Does your voice sound much the same in both instances? If so, then you probably speak in a natural way most of the time. (Of course, your choice of words and phrases may, and probably should, be rather different.)
Have they any qualities which distract or irritate you? List these.
What are the qualities and characteristics which contribute to their success when speaking? Make a list.
Can you suggest four general objectives which are true of all efforts to communicate?non-verbal means of communication. You will find more about these in Chapter 4.
Make a list of the other ways we communicate when we speak or write – the
What are the most commonly used methods of ordering material?
How am I going to achieve the right effect? What tone must I use to achieve my purpose? Which words must I use/avoid in order to create the right tone?
How will I organise the points I want to make? Shall I use deductive sequence(start with my main points and then go on to the explanation/examples/illustrations)? Or inductive sequence (start with the explanation/examples/illustrations and build up to the main point at the end)?
Which medium of communication will be most appreciated? Written or spoken?A letter or a personal chat or interview? A report or an oral presentation? An e-mail or a phone call?
How am I going to communicate my message? With words? Or pictures? Or both?Which words? Which pictures?
What information must I include in order to be:– Clear? – Constructive?– Concise? – Correct?– Courteous? – Complete?(the six Cs of effective communication)
What information can I omit?
What do they need to know?
What do I need to say?
What exactly do I want to say?
What is my relationship with the receiver? Is the subject of my message the cause of controversy between us? Is the atmosphere strained or cordial?Answers to these questions will help you to find answers to the next set of questions more easily than if you jump straight in with ‘What do I want to
At what point in the total matter does my message come? Am I replying to something they have raised? Or will my message represent the first they have heard about this topic/problem/issue?
Where will they be when they receive my message? In their office close to other relevant material? Or isolated from the problem so that I may need to remind them of the facts?
What do they know already about the subject of my message? A lot? Not much?Nothing? Less/more than I do?
How are they likely to react to the content of my message?
What sort of people are they? Personality? Education? Age? Status?
Who exactly is my audience (listener or reader)?
What is my purpose? To inform? To persuade? To influence? To educate?To sympathise? To entertain? To advise? To explain? To provoke? To stimulate thought?
What do I want the receiver(s) to do as a result of my communication?
What am I hoping to achieve? Change of attitude? Change of opinion?
What is my real reason for writing or speaking?
Why am I communicating?
This chapter suggested that successful use of mobile technologies for surveys means that researchers must first successfully contact respondents and then present survey questions that will motivate respondents to begin the survey and continue with it until all questions have been answered honestly
There are many ways of surveying campus communities, ranging from “pencil-and-paper” survey forms to Internet-based surveys. List as many possible survey methods as you can think of. Many are outlined in this chapter, and under the discussion of sampling frames in Chapter 8. Which method or
Are you in favor of ____________? Yes / No Fill in the blank in the above question with a topical or campus issue. Now take this basic question and rewrite it in multiple-choice, semantic differential, and Likert-type formats so that you are capturing more subtle responses to the questions. Check
Research indicating that one of these modes should be preferred over the other two obviously could trigger important policy changes such as budget allocations, technology acquisition, and faculty teaching loads. The issue is complex enough that a series of studies will likely be needed in order to
In this case, the topic is online education, not vehicles. As online education has developed, three modes of instruction have emerged—100% online with no physical contact among students and instructor (“click”);traditional classroom instruction (“brick”); and hybrid classes in which
Assume that campus surveys over time show a steady decline in the willingness of students to engage in volunteer community service work. Your campus administration and student government are both concerned about this trend and have asked you to research student responses to volunteerism with a view

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Introducing Communication Research Paths Of Inquiry 3rd Edition Donald Treadwell - Solutions

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