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engineering
engineering fluid mechanics
Engineering Fluid Mechanics 11th Edition Donald F. Elger, Barbara A. LeBret, Clayton T. Crowe, John A. Robertson - Solutions
What are SG, γ, and ρ for mercury? State your answers in SI units and in traditional units.
If a liquid has a specific gravity of 1.7, what is the density in slugs per cubic feet? What is the specific weight in pounds-force per cubic feet?
Specific gravity (select all that apply)a. Can have units of N/m3b. Is dimensionlessc. Increases with temperatured. Decreases with temperature
Consider the ratio μ100/μ50, where μ is the viscosity of oxygen and the subscripts 100 and 50 are the temperatures of the oxygen in degrees Fahrenheit. Does this ratio have a value(a) Less than 1, (b) Equal to 1, or (c) Greater than 1?
Find the kinematic and dynamic viscosities of air and water at a temperature of 40°C and an absolute pressure of 170 kPa.
What is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of air to that of water at standard atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20°C? What is the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of air to that of water for the same conditions?
Find the dynamic and kinematic viscosities of kerosene, SAE 10W-30 motor oil, and water at a temperature of 50°C.
Determine the change in the kinematic viscosity of air that is heated from 10°C to 50°C. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
What is the change in the viscosity and density of water between 10°C and 90°C? What is the change in the viscosity and density of air between 10°C and 90°C? Assume standard atmospheric pressure (p = 101 kN/m2).
When looking up values for density, absolute viscosity, and kinematic viscosity, which statement is most true for both liquids and gases?a. All three of these properties vary with temperatureb. All three of these properties vary with pressurec. All three of these properties vary with temperature
The following questions relate to viscosity.a. What are the primary dimensions of viscosity? What are five common units?b. What is the viscosity of SAE 10W-30 motor oil at 115°F (in traditional units)?
If the density, ρ, of air increases by a factor of 1.4x due to a temperature change,a. Specific weight increases by 1.4xb. Specific weight increases by 13.7xc. Specific weight remains the same
An open vat in a food processing plant contains 500 L of water at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. If the water is heated to 80°C, what will be the percentage change in its volume? If the vat has a diameter of 2 m, how much will the water level rise due to this temperature increase?
Where in this text can you find:a. Values of surface tension (σ) for kerosene and mercury?b. Values for the vapor pressure (pv) of water as a function of temperature?
Regarding water and seawater:a. Which is more dense, seawater or freshwater?b. Find (SI units) the density of seawater (10°C, 3.3% salinity).c. Find the same in traditional units.d. What pressure is specified for the values in (b) and (c)?
Where in this text can you find:a. Density data for such liquids as oil and mercury?b. Specific weight data for air (at standard atmospheric pressure) at different temperatures?c. Specific gravity data for sea water and kerosene?
A system is separated from its surrounding by aa. Borderb. Divisorc. Boundaryd. Fractionation line
Apply the WWM and the grid method to find the acceleration for a force of 2 N acting on an object of mass 7 ounces. The relevant equation is Newton’s second law of motion, F = ma. Work in SI units, and provide the answer in meters per second squared (m/s2).
Find the primary dimensions of each of the following terms.a. ∫AρV2 dA, where ρ is fluid density, V is velocity, and A is area.b. d/dt ∫VρV dV, where d/dt is the derivative with respect to time, ρ is density, V is velocity, and V is volume.
Th e power provided by a centrifugal pump is given by P =m· gh, where m· is mass fl ow rate, g is the gravitational constant, and h is pump head. Prove that this equation is dimensionally homogeneous.
In the following list, identify which parameters are dimensions and which parameters are units: slug, mass, kg, energy/time, meters, horsepower, pressure, and pascals.
Th e hydrostatic equation is p/γ + z = C, where p is pressure, γ is specific weight, z is elevation, and C is a constant. Prove that the hydrostatic equation is dimensionally homogeneous. 1.0 Find the primary dimensions of each of the following terms. a. (ρV2)/2 (kinetic pressure), where ρ
The hydrostatic equation is p/γ + z = C, where p is pressure, γ is specific weight, z is elevation, and C is a constant. Prove that the hydrostatic equation is dimensionally homogeneous.
Find the hydrostatic equation. For each form of the equation that appears, list the name, symbol, and primary dimensions of each variable.
List the primary dimensions of each of the following units: kWh, poise, slug, cfm, cSt.
Of the three lists below, which sets of units are consistent? Select all that apply.a. Pounds-mass, pounds-force, feet, and seconds.b. Slugs, pounds-force, feet, and secondsc. Kilograms, newtons, meters, and seconds.
Apply the grid method to calculate the cost in U.S. dollars to operate a pump for one year. Th e pump power is 20 hp. The pump operates for 20 hr/day, and electricity costs $0.10 per kWh.
When a bicycle rider is traveling at a speed of V = 24 mph, the power P she needs to supply is given by P = FV, where F = 5 lbf is the force necessary to overcome aerodynamic drag. Apply the grid method to calculate:a. Power in watts.b. Energy in food calories to ride for 1 hour.
Apply the grid method to calculate force using F = ma.a. Find force in newtons for m = 10 kg and a = 10 m/s2.b. Find force in pounds-force for m = 10 lbm and a = 10 ft /s2.c. Find force in newtons for m = 10 slug and a = 10 ft /s2.
Th e pressure rise Δp associated with wind hitting a window of a building can be estimated using the formula Δp = ρ(V2/2), where ρ is density of air and V is the speed of the wind. Apply the grid method to calculate pressure rise for ρ = 1.2 kg/m3 and V = 60 mph.a. Express your answer in
Apply the grid method to calculate the density of an ideal gas using the formula ρ = p/RT. Express your answer in lbm/ft3. Use the following data: absolute pressure is p = 60 psi, the gas constant is R = 1716 ft ∙ lbf/slug∙°R, and the temperature is T = 180°F.
If the local atmospheric pressure is 84 kPa, use the grid method to fi nd the pressure in units ofa. Psib. Psfc. Bard. Atmospherese. Feet of waterf. Inches of mercury
Which of these is a correct conversion ratio? Select all that apply.a. 1 = 1 hp/(550 ft ∙lbf/s)b. 1 = 101.3 kPa/(14.7 lbf/in2)c. 1 = 3.785 U.S. gal/(1.0 L)
In your own words, describe what actions need to be taken in each step of the grid method.
For each variable given, list three common units.a. Volume flow rate (Q), mass flow rate (m), and pressure (p)b. Force, energy, powerc. Viscosity
A design team is developing a prototype CO2 cartridge for a manufacturer of rubber raft s. The is cartridge will allow a user to quickly inflate a raft . A typical raft is shown in the sketch. Assume a raft inflation pressure of 3 psi (this means that the absolute pressure is 3 psi greater
Meteorologists often refer to air masses in forecasting the weather. Estimate the mass of 1.5 mi3 of air in slugs and kilograms. Make your own reasonable assumptions with respect to the conditions of the atmosphere.
What is the (a) Specific weight and (b) Density of air at an absolute pressure of 730 kPa and a temperature of 28°C?
A 12 m3 oxygen tank is at 17°C and 850 kPa absolute. The valve is opened, and some oxygen is released until the pressure in the tank drops to 650 kPa. Calculate the mass of oxygen that has been released from the tank if the temperature in the tank does not change during the process.
Find the total weight of a 18 ft3 tank of oxygen if the oxygen is pressurized to 184 psia, the tank itself weighs 150 lbf, and the temperature is 95°F.
At a temperature of 100°C and an absolute pressure of 4 atmospheres, what is the ratio of the density of water to the density of air, ρw/ρa?
Natural gas is stored in a spherical tank at a temperature of 12°C. At a given initial time, the pressure in the tank is 108 kPa gage, and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Some time later, after considerably more gas is pumped into the tank, the pressure in the tank is 204 kPa gage, and the
A spherical tank is being designed to hold 10 moles of methane gas at an absolute pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 80°F. What diameter spherical tank should be used? The molecular weight of methane is 16 g/mole.
Determine the density of methane gas at a pressure of 200 kN/m2 absolute and 80°C.
Calculate the density and specific weight of carbon dioxide at a pressure of 114 kN/m2 absolute and 90°C.
Fill in the blanks. Show your work, using conversion factors found in Table F.1.a. 900 g is _____ slugsb. 27 lbm is ______ kgc. 100 slugs is ______ kgd. 14 lbm is _____ ge. 5 slugs is _____ lbm
A lift force on an airfoil is caused by air flowing over the airfoil, resulting in a higher pressure on the bottom of the wing than the top. Use the CT process (see §1.1) and the definitions of surface force and body force to answer whether lift acting on an airfoil is a surface force or a body
Th e continuum assumption (select all that apply)a. Applies in a vacuum such as in outer spaceb. Assumes that fluids are infinitely divisible into smaller and smaller partsc. Is an invalid assumption when the length scale of the problem or design is similar to the spacing of the moleculesd. Means
A Fluid particlea. Is defined as one moleculeb. Is a small chunk of fluidc. Is so small that the continuum assumption does not apply
Based on molecular mechanisms, explain why aluminum melts at 660°C, whereas ice melts at 0°C.
(T/F) A fluid is defined as a material that continuously deforms under the action of a normal stress.
Select an engineered design (e.g., hydroelectric power as in a dam, an artificial heart) that involves fluid mechanics and is also highly motivating to you. Write a one-page essay that addresses the following questions. Why is this application motivating to you? How does the system you selected
Pick an engineered system that really motivates you. From your favorite engineered system, draft your own definition of engineering. Then, see if your definition of engineering fits the definition of engineering in §1.1. How does this definition compare with yours? What is similar? What is
Do research on the Internet, then create a written document in which you (a) Define what inductive reasoning means and give two concrete examples and (b) Define what deductive reasoning means and give two concrete examples. Use the CT (§1.1) process to justify your reasoning and your
Apply critical thinking to an engineering-relevant issue that is important to you. Create a written document that lists the issue, your reasoning, and your conclusion.
An engineer living at a an elevation of 2500 ft is conducting experiments to verify predictions of glider performance. To process data, density of ambient air is needed. Th e engineer measures temperature (74.3°F) and atmospheric pressure (27.3 inches of mercury). Calculate density in units of
A spherical tank holds CO2 at a pressure of 12 atmospheres and a temperature of 30°C. During a fire, the temperature is increased by a factor of 3 to 90°C. Does the pressure also increase by a factor of 3? Justify your answer using equations.
Start with the universal gas constant and show that RN2 = 297 J/(kg ∙K).
Start with the mole form of the ideal gas law and show the steps to prove that the mass form is correct.
Calculate the number of molecules ina. One cubic centimeter of liquid water at room conditionsb. One cubic centimeter of air at room conditions
If a gas has γ = 14 N/m3, what is its density? State your answers in SI units and in traditional units.
Which of these are units of density? (select all that apply)a. kg/m3b. mg/cm3c. lbm/ft 3d. slug/ft 3
Density is (select all that apply)a. Weight/volumeb. Mass/volumec. Volume/massd. Mass/weight
How are density and specific weight related?
Th e plot shows data taken to measure the rate of water flowing into a tank as a function of time. Show how to calculate the total amount of water (in kg, accurate to one or two significant figures) that flowed into the tank during the 100 s interval shown. 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0. 60 70 80 90
An engineer measured the speed of a flowing fluid as a function of the distance y from a wall; the data are shown in the table. Show how to calculate the maximum value of dV/dy for this data set. Express your answer in SI units. y (mm) V (m/s) 0.0 0.00 1.0 1.00 2.0 1.99 3.0 2.97 4.0 3.94
Th e following sketch shows fluid flowing over a flat surface. Show how to fi nd the value of the distance y where the derivative dV/dy is maximum. Velocity Profile: V() 5.0 cm 1.0 cm Flow Flat plate
Answer the following questions related to mass and weight. Show your work, and cancel and carry units.a. What is the weight on Earth (in N) of a 100-kg body?b. What is the mass (in lbm) of 20 lbf of water on Earth?c. What is the mass (in slugs) of 20 lbf of water on Earth?d. How many N are needed
What is the approximate mass in units of slugs fora. A 2-liter bottle of water?b. A typical adult male?c. A typical automobile?
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