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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction Mechanical Engineering

The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is known as:(a) Volumetric strain(b) Compressibility(c) Adhesion(d) Cohesion
Derive the Bernoulli’s equation.
Find the surface tension in a soap bubble of 60 \(\mathrm{mm}\) diameter when the inside pressure is \(5 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) above atmospheric pressure.
Surface tension:(a) Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface(b) Is also known as capillarity(c) Is a function of the curvature of the interface(d) Decrease with fall in
Derive the rise and fall of capillary action in a tube.
Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of diameter \(1.8 \mathrm{~mm}\) when immersed vertically in: (i) water and (ii) mercury. Assume surface tension for water as 0.07 and for mercury as 0.5
The stress-strain relation of the Newtonian fluid is:(a) Linear(b) Parabolic(c) Hyperbolic(d) None of these
Derive an equation for pressure on a submerged body in a fluid.
The water is flowing through a pipe having diameters \(32 \mathrm{~cm}\) and \(18 \mathrm{~cm}\) at two sections 1 and 2, respectively. The rate of flow through the pipe is \(100 \mathrm{~L} /
Unit of surface tension is:(a) Energy per unit area(b) Force per unit length(c) Both(d) None of these
What do you mean by a hydraulic turbine? How do you classify the hydraulic turbines?
A penstock supplies water to Pelton turbine with a head of \(80 \mathrm{~m}\). One-third of head is lost in penstock due to friction. The flow rate of water from the nozzle is \(2.5 \mathrm{~m}^{3} /
Capillary action is due to the:(a) Surface tension(b) Cohesion of the liquid(c) Adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid(d) All of the above
Explain the working of Pelton turbine with a neat sketch.
A Pelton wheel is to be designed with following specifications:Shaft power \(=10,000 \mathrm{~kW}\), Head \(=500 \mathrm{~m}\), Speed \(=500 \mathrm{rpm}\), Overall efficiency \(=85 \%\), jet
The rise or fall of head ' \(h\) ' in a capillary tube of diameter ' \(\mathrm{d}\) ' and liquid surface tension ' \(\sigma\) ' and specific weight ' \(w\) ' is equal to:(a) \(\frac{4 \sigma}{w
Discuss the governing of Pelton turbine.
A Francis turbine working under a head of 10 \(\mathrm{m}\). The overall efficiency is \(75 \%\) and power required to produce \(180 \mathrm{~kW}\). The peripheral and radial velocities at inlet are
Cavitation will begin when:(a) The pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid(b) Pressure becomes more than the critical pressure(c)
Derive the expression for work done and mechanical efficiency of Pelton turbines.
An inward flow reaction turbine rotates at 420 rpm. The wheel vanes are radial at the inlet and the inner diameter of the wheel is one-third of the outer diameter. The constant velocity of flow in
Bernoulli's theorem deals with the conservation of:(a) Mass(b) Force(c) Momentum(d) Energy
How does a hydraulic turbine differ from the hydraulic pump?
A Kaplan turbine is working under a head of \(18 \mathrm{~m}\). The hub diameter is 0.25 times the runner diameter. The rpm of the turbine is 550. Runner angle at the outlet is \(15^{\circ}\) and
Euler's equation in the differential form for motion of liquids is given by:(a) \(\frac{d p}{ho}-g d z+v d v=0\)(b) \(\frac{d p}{ho}+g d z+v d v=0\)(c) \(\frac{d p}{ho}-g d z-v d v=0\)(d) \(\frac{d
What are the different types of the efficiency of a turbine? Define each.
A Kaplan turbine is designed to develop 8,000 \(\mathrm{kW}\) shaft power. The head available is \(12 \mathrm{~m}\). Assuming speed ratio as 2.1, flow ratio as 0.6, overall efficiency as \(80 \%\),
A fluid which obeys \(\mu=\frac{\tau}{d u / d y}\) :(a) Real fluid(b) Perfect fluid(c) Newtonian fluid(d) None of these
Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangle for Pelton turbine and find expression for hydraulic efficiency.
A conical draft tube having inlet and outlet diameters \(2.5 \mathrm{~m}\) and \(3.0 \mathrm{~m}\) discharges water at the outlet with a velocity of \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\). The total length
The speed of turbine and discharge through turbine are proportional to:(a) Head, \(\mathrm{H}\)(b) \(\sqrt{\mathrm{H}}\)(c) \(\mathrm{H}^{2}\)(d) \(\mathrm{H}^{3 / 2}\)
A centrifugal pump running at \(2,000 \mathrm{rpm}\) has internal and external impeller diameter of 250 \(\mathrm{mm}\) and \(350 \mathrm{~mm}\), respectively. The vane angles of the impeller at
Establish a relationship between jet velocity and bucket velocity for maximum efficiency of Pelton turbine?
Specific speed of a turbine depends on:(a) Speed, power, and discharge(b) Discharge and power(c) Speed and head(d) Speed, power, and head
An impulse turbine:(a) Operates submerged(b) Requires draft tube(c) Is nor exposed to atmosphere(d) Operates by initial complete conversion to kinetic energy
What is the basis of turbine selection at a particular place?
A centrifugal pump having an internal and external diameter of impeller \(150 \mathrm{~mm}\) and \(450 \mathrm{~mm}\), respectively, is running at \(1,000 \mathrm{rpm}\). It has a constant velocity
Define velocity coefficient, speed ratio, flow ratio, and jet ratio.
Following data of a centrifugal pump are given as: Diameter at inlet \(=0.4 \mathrm{~m}\); Diameter at outlet \(=1.0 \mathrm{~m} ;\) Speed \(=400 \mathrm{rpm}\); Flow rate \(=2000\) liters \(/
A Pelton wheel is:(a) Tangential flow turbine(b) Axial flow turbine(c) Radial flow turbine(d) Mixed flow turbine
What are the ranges of specific speed and head of Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines?
A double acting reciprocating pump has a piston of \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) diameter and piston rod of \(40 \mathrm{~mm}\) diameter. Stroke length is \(300 \mathrm{~mm}\) and speed is \(60
Pelton wheels are used for minimum heads of:(a) \(20 \mathrm{~m}\)(b) \(100 \mathrm{~m}\)(c) \(125 \mathrm{~m}\)(d) \(180 \mathrm{~m}\)
What is a draft tube? Why is it used in a reaction turbine? Describe with a neat sketch.
A single acting reciprocating pump running at 50 rpm delivers \(0.10 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{sec}\) of water. The diameter of the piston is \(600 \mathrm{~mm}\) and the stroke length is \(500
The ratio of width of bucket for a Pelton wheel to the diameter of jet is of the order of:(a) 15(b) 14(c) 13(d) 12
What is the centrifugal pump? How is it different from Francis turbine?
Impulse turbine is used for:(a) Low head(c) Medium head(b) High head(d) High flow
Explain the working of a centrifugal pump with a neat sketch.
If \(\alpha\) is the angle of blade tip at outlet, then maximum hydraulic efficiency of an impulse turbine is:(a) \(\frac{1+\cos \alpha}{2}\)(b) \(\frac{1-\cos \alpha}{2}\)(c) \(\frac{1+\tan
Differentiate between the volute and vortex casing of a centrifugal pump.
Francis turbine is best suited for:(a) Medium head application (24 to \(180 \mathrm{~m}\) )(b) Low head installation (less than \(30 \mathrm{~m}\) )(c) High head installation (more than \(180
Explain different types of the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.
Francis, Kaplan and propeller turbines fall under the category of:(a) Impulse turbine(b) Reaction turbine(c) Axial-flow turbine(d) Mixed flow turbine
In reaction turbine, draft tube is used:(a) To transport water downstream without eddies(b) To convert the kinetic energy to pressure energy by a gradual expansion of the flow cross-section(c) For
Find the expression for the work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per second per unit weight of water.
What is priming? Why is it required in a centrifugal pump?
For pumping viscous oil, the pump used is:(a) Centrifugal pump(b) Reciprocating pump(c) Screw pump(d) None of these
What is the reciprocating pump? Explain its working with a neat sketch.
What are the slip and coefficient of discharge?
The work requirement of a reciprocating pump with increase in acceleration head:(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remains same(d) None of these
To avoid cavitation in centrifugal pumps:(a) Suction pressure should be low(b) Delivery pressure should be low(c) Suction pressure should be high(d) Delivery pressure should be high
What is air vessel? What are the functions of air vessel?
Overall efficiency of centrifugal pump is equal to:(a) Volumetric efficiency \(\times\) manometric efficiency \(\times\) mechanical efficiency(b) Volumetric efficiency/manometric efficiency
Draw indicator diagram and show acceleration head, friction head on the diagram.
The action of centrifugal pump is that of a:(a) Reaction turbine(b) Impulse turbine(c) Reverse of reaction turbine(d) None of these
In double acting reciprocating pump compared to single acting reciprocating pump will have nearly:(a) Double efficiency(b) Double head(c) Double flow(d) Double weight
Explain the working of the double acting reciprocating pump and bucket pump with a neat sketch.
What is the function of the pump? Classify the pumps. Explain with a sketch the working of the single acting reciprocating piston pump.
Specific speed of pump is:(a) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{3 / 4}}\)(b) \(\frac{N \sqrt{P}}{H^{5 / 4}}\)(c) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{2 / 3}}\)(d) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{3 / 2}}\)
Explain the working principle of vane pump with a neat sketch?
Power required to drive a centrifugal pump is proportional to:(a) Impeller diameter (D)(b) \(\mathrm{D}^{2}\)(c) \(\mathrm{D}^{3}\)(d) \(\mathrm{D}^{4}\)
What is the range of specific speed for Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbine?
Power required to drive a centrifugal pump is proportional to:(a) Speed (N)(b) \(\mathrm{N}^{2}\)(c) \(\mathrm{N}^{3}\)(d) \(\mathrm{N}^{4}\)
Explain how a hydraulic reaction turbine differs from a hydraulic impulse turbine.
Discuss and draw the constructional details of Pelton turbine.
With the help of neat sketch, explain the working of a Francis turbine.
Define radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow with respect to water turbine.
Explain the principle and working of reaction turbine.
How are water turbines classified?
Sketch and explain the working of a Kaplan turbine.
A single cylinder, single acting air compressor has a cylinder diameter of \(140 \mathrm{~mm}\) and stroke of \(2800 \mathrm{~mm}\). It draws air into the cylinder at a pressure of 1 bar and
What is a function of the compressor? How do you classify the compressors? Explain the various basis of classification.
The most efficient method to compress the air is:(a) Isothermal compression(b) Adiabatic compression(c) Polytropic compression(d) None of these
Explain the assumptions of working of the reciprocating compressor. Discuss the working of a reciprocating compressor with a neat sketch.
A single stage reciprocating compressor is required to compress \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of air from 1 bar to 8 bars. The initial temperature of the air is \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Calculate work for
Maximum work is done in compressing air when the compression is:(a) Isothermal compression(b) Adiabatic compression(c) Polytropic compression(d) None of these
Derive the expression of work done by the compressor in isothermal compression, adiabatic compression, and polytropic compression.
A single stage single acting air compressor has intake pressure 1 bar and delivery pressure 10 bar. The compression and expansion follow the law \(\mathrm{pV}^{1.3}=\) constant. The piston speed and
Isothermal compression efficiency can be achieved by running the compressor:(a) At a very high speed(b) At a very slow speed(c) At an average speed(d) At zero speed
Find the expression for volumetric efficiency of the reciprocating compressor.
An air compressor has eight stages of an equal pressure ratio of 1.4. The flow rate through the compressor and the overall efficiency are 40 \(\mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{sec}\) and \(92 \%\),
Airplane employs the following type of compressor:(a) Reciprocating compressor(b) Centrifugal compressor(c) Axial flow compressor(d) None of these
Discuss the assumptions and advantages of multistage compression.
A double acting, single cylinder, reciprocating air compressor has a piston displacement of \(0.014 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) per revolution, operates at \(600 \mathrm{rpm}\) and has a \(4 \%\) clearance.
Explain the working of fixed vane type and multiple vane type compressors.
A single stage, the single acting compressor has a bore of \(170 \mathrm{~mm}\) and stroke of \(260 \mathrm{~mm}\). it runs at \(130 \mathrm{rpm}\). The suction pressure is 1 bar and delivery
The ratio of work done per cycle to the swept volume in case of compressor is called:(a) Compression ratio(b) Compressor efficiency(c) Mean effective pressure(d) None of these
Clearance volume in a cylinder should be:(a) As large as possible(b) As small as possible(c) About \(50 \%\) of swept volume(d) None of these
Explain the working principle of the centrifugal compressor.

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