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mathematics
elementary statistics picturing

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics Picturing

Use the listed lengths of the machine screws from Data Set 19 in Appendix B. The screws are supposed to have a length of 3/4 in. Do the results indicate that the specified length is correct? Refer
Listed below are the nicotine amounts (in mg per cigarette) for samples of filtered and nonfiltered cigarettes (from Data Set 4 in Appendix B). Do filters appear to be effective in reducing the
Use the listed lengths of the machine screws from Data Set 19 in Appendix B. Refer to the indicated data set in Appendix B. Use computer software or a calculator to find the range, variance, and
Use the same list of 24 sorted values given for Exercises 15-18. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.Q1
Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 (in millibecquerels or mBq per gram of calcium) in a simple random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents born after 1979 (based on data
Listed below are costs (in dollars) of roundtrip flights from JFK airport in New York City to San Francisco. All flights involve one stop and a two-week stay. The airlines are US Air, Continental,
Use the same list of 24 sorted values given for Exercises 15-18. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.Q3
Listed below are costs (in dollars) of roundtrip flights from JFK airport in New York City to San Francisco. (All flights involve one stop and a two-week stay.) The airlines are US Air, Continental,
Use the same list of 24 sorted values given for Exercises 15-18. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.P80
Listed below are the nicotine amounts (in mg per cigarette) for samples of filtered and nonfiltered cigarettes (from Data Set 4 in Appendix B). Nonfiltered: 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1
Listed below are the numbers of bankruptcy filings in Dutchess County, New York State. The numbers are listed in order for each month of a recent year (based on data from the Poughkeepsie Journal ).
Environmental scientists measured the greenhouse gas emissions of a sample of cars. The amounts listed below are in tons (per year), expressed as CO2 equivalents. Given that the values are a simple
Environmental scientists measured the greenhouse gas emissions of a sample of cars. The amounts listed below are in tons (per year), expressed as equivalents. Is the value of 9.3 tons unusual?7.2 7.1
Use the given sorted values, which are the numbers of points scored in the Super Bowl for a recent period of 24 years. Find the percentile corresponding to the given number of points.36 37 37 39 39
Listed below are the numbers of satellites in orbit from different countries. Does one country have an exceptional number of satellites? Can you guess which country has the most satellites?158 17 15
Listed below are the numbers of satellites in orbit from different countries. Based on these results, is it unusual for a country to not have any satellites? Why or why not?158 17 15 18 7 3 5 1 8 3 4
Listed below are the playing times (in seconds) of songs that were popular at the time of this writing. (The songs are by Timberlake, Furtado, Daughtry, Stefani, Fergie, Akon, Ludacris, Beyonce,
Use the given sorted values, which are the numbers of points scored in the Super Bowl for a recent period of 24 years. Find the percentile corresponding to the given number of points.36 37 37 39 39
Listed below are the annual salaries for a simple random sample of NCAA football coaches (based on data from USA Today). How do the mean and median change if the highest salary is omitted?$150,000
Scores on the SAT test have a mean of 1518 and a standard deviation of 325. Scores on the ACT test have a mean of 21.1 and a standard deviation of 4.8. Which is relatively better: a score of 1190 on
Listed below are the annual salaries for a simple random sample of NCAA football coaches (based on data from USA Today). How does the standard deviation change if the highest salary is
Fuel consumption is commonly measured in miles per gallon. The Environmental Protection Agency designed new fuel consumption tests to be used starting with 2008 car models. Listed below are randomly
Scores on the SAT test have a mean of 1518 and a standard deviation of 325. Scores on the ACT test have a mean of 21.1 and a standard deviation of 4.8. Which is relatively better: a score of 1840 on
Fuel consumption is commonly measured in miles per gallon. The Environmental Protection Agency designed new fuel consumption tests to be used starting with 2008 car models. Listed below are randomly
White blood cell counts (in cells per microliter) have a mean of 7.14 and a standard deviation of 2.51 (based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics). Find the z score corresponding
Listed below are the durations (in hours) of a simple random sample of all flights (as of this writing) of NASA’s Space Transport System (space shuttle). The data are from Data Set 10 in Appendix
A woman wrote to Dear Abby and claimed that she gave birth 308 days after a visit from her husband, who was in the Navy. Lengths of pregnancies have a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15
What is the major flaw in the histogram (in the margin) of the outcomes of 100 rolls of a fair die?
A physician routinely makes physical examinations of children. She is concerned that a three-year-old girl has a height of only 87.8 cm. Heights of three-year-old girls have a mean of 97.5 cm and a
The U.S. Army requires women’s heights to be between 58 in. and 80 in. Women have heights with a mean of 63.6 in. and a standard deviation of 2.5 in. Find the z score corresponding to the minimum
Human body temperatures have a mean of 98.20°F and a standard deviation of 0.62°F (based on Data Set 2 in Appendix B). Convert each given temperature to a z score and determine whether it is usual
Listed below are the top 10 annual salaries (in millions of dollars) of TV personalities (based on data from OK! magazine). These salaries correspond to Letterman, Cowell, Sheindlin, Leno, Couric,
Engineers consider the overhead grip reach (in millimeters) of sitting adult women when designing a cockpit for an airliner. Those grip reaches have a mean of 1212 mm and a standard deviation of 51
Listed below are the top 10 annual salaries (in millions of dollars) of TV personalities (based on data from OK! magazine). These salaries correspond to Letterman, Cowell, Sheindlin, Leno, Couric,
The FICO credit rating scores obtained in a simple random sample are listed below. As of this writing, the reported mean FICO score was 678. Do these sample FICO scores appear to be consistent with
What is a simple random sample? What is a voluntary response sample? Which of those two samples is generally better?
a. Estimate the mean length of time that traffic lights are red.b. Use the range rule of thumb to make a rough estimate of the standard deviation of the lengths of times that traffic lights are red.
Bao Xishun is the world’s tallest man with a height of 92.95 in. (or 7 ft, 8.95 in.). Men have heights with a mean of 69.6 in. and a standard deviation of 2.8 in.a. What is the difference between
A simple random sample of FICO credit rating scores is listed below. As of this writing, the mean FICO score was reported to be 678. Based on these results, is a FICO score of 500 unusual? Why or why
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety conducted tests with crashes of new cars traveling at 6 mi/h. The total cost of the damages was found for a simple random sample of the tested cars and
Shortly after the World Trade Center towers were destroyed, America Online ran a poll of its Internet subscribers and asked this question: “Should the World Trade Center towers be rebuilt?” Among
a. Estimate the mean age of cars driven by students at your college.b. Use the range rule of thumb to make a rough estimate of the standard deviation of the ages of cars driven by students at your
Eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser have duration times with a mean of 245.0 sec and a standard deviation of 36.4 sec (based on Data Set 15 in Appendix B). One eruption had a duration time of 110
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety conducted tests with crashes of new cars traveling at 6 mi/h. The total cost of the damages for a simple random sample of the tested cars are listed below.
SAT scores have a mean of 1518 and a standard deviation of 325. Scores on the ACT test have a mean of 21.1 and a standard deviation of 4.8. Which is relatively better: a score of 1030 on the SAT test
Using the same sitting heights listed in Exercise 3, construct a boxplot and include the values of the 5-number summary. Does the boxplot suggest that the data are from a population with a normal
As of this writing, the most recent Oscar-winning Best Actress was Helen Mirren, who was 61 at the time of the award. The Oscar-winning Best Actresses have a mean age of 35.8 years and a standard
When the Indianapolis Colts recently won the Super Bowl, the numbers on the jerseys of the active players were 29, 41, 50, 58, 79, . . ., 10 (listed in the alphabetical order of the player’s
Use the sitting heights listed in Review Exercise 3 to construct a dotplot.
Using the sample data from Exercise 3, find the z score corresponding to the sitting height of 878 mm. Based on the result, is the sitting height of 878 mm unusual? Why or why not?
The annual sunspot numbers are found for a recent sequence of 24 years. The data are sorted, then it is found that the mean is 81.09, the standard deviation is 50.69, the minimum is 8.6, the first
Refer to the two STATDISK-generated boxplots shown below that are drawn on the same scale. One boxplot represents weights of randomly selected men and the other represents weights of randomly
The systolic blood pressures of 40 women are given in Data Set 1 in Appendix B. They have a mean of 110.8 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 17.1 mm Hg. The highest systolic blood pressure measurement
In an editorial, the Poughkeepsie Journal printed this statement: “The median price—the price exactly in between the highest and lowest—. . .” Does that statement correctly describe the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 2 to construct a histogram. Based on the result, does the distribution appear to be uniform, normal (bell-shaped), or skewed?A student of the author
Nola Ochs recently became the oldest college graduate when she graduated at the age of 95. If her age is included with the ages of 25 typical college students at the times of their graduations, how
Shown below is a STATDISK-generated boxplot of the durations (in hours) of flights of NASA?s Space Shuttle. What do the values of 0, 166, 215, 269, and 423 tell us? 423 215 166 269
Which do you think has more variation: the incomes of a simple random sample of 1000 adults selected from the general population, or the incomes of a simple random sample of 1000 statistics teachers?
A headline in USA Today stated that “Average family income drops 2.3%.” What is the role of the term average in statistics? Should another term be used in place of average?
Use the sitting heights listed in Review Exercise 3 to construct a frequency distribution. Use a class width of 10 mm, and use 870 mm as the lower class limit of the first class.When designing a new
Using the same weights listed in Exercise 1, construct a boxplot and include the values of the 5-number summary.
An article in the New York Times noted that the ZIP code of 10021 on the Upper East Side of Manhattan is being split into the three ZIP codes of 10065, 10021, and 10075 (in geographic order from
A set of data consists of the heights of presidents of the United States, measured in centimeters. If the height of President Kennedy is converted to a z score, what unit is used for the z score?
In the book How to Lie with Charts, it is stated that “the standard deviation is usually shown as plus or minus the difference between the high and the mean, and the low and the mean. For example,
Refer to the sitting heights listed in Review Exercise 3.a. Are the sitting heights from a population that is discrete or continuous?b. What is the level of measurement of the sitting heights?
A student of the author weighed a simple random sample of Porterhouse steaks, and the results (in ounces) are listed below. The steaks are supposed to be 21 oz because they are listed on the menu as
Cans of regular Coke are supposed to contain 12 oz of cola. If a quality control engineer finds that the production process results in cans of Coke having a mean of 12 oz, can she conclude that the
When Reese Witherspoon won an Oscar as Best Actress for the movie Walk the Line, her age was converted to a z score of - 0.61 when included among the ages of all other Oscar-winning Best Actresses at
In statistics, how do variation and variance differ?
Listed below are blood groups of O, A, B, and AB of randomly selected blood donors (based on data from the Greater New York Blood Program). Construct a table summarizing the frequency distribution of
Refer to the stemplot in Example 5 to complete the following. a. The stemplot can be expanded by subdividing rows into those with leaves having digits of 0 through 4 and those with digits 5 through
Refer to Data Set 20 in Appendix B and use the weights (grams) of the post-1964 quarters. Construct a frequency distribution. Begin with a lower class limit of 5.5000 g, and use a class width of
A format for back-to-back stemplots representing the pulse rates of females and males from Table 2-1 (on page 47) is shown in the margin. Complete the back-to-back stemplot, then compare the
Refer to Data Set 20 in Appendix B and use the weights (grams) of the pre-1964 quarters. Construct a frequency distribution. Begin with a lower class limit of 6.0000 g, and use a class width of
The following table lists (in thousands) the numbers of male and female higher education students for different years. (Projections are from the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics.)
Refer to Data Set 17 in Appendix B. Construct a relative frequency distribution for the weights of regular Coke. Start with a lower class limit of 0.7900 lb, and use a class width of 0.0050 lb. Then
The following table lists the marriage and divorce rates per 1000 people in the United States for selected years since 1900 (based on data from the Department of Health and Human Services). Construct
Refer to Data Set 24 in Appendix B for the FICO credit rating scores. Construct a frequency distribution beginning with a lower class limit of 400, and use a class width of 50. Does the result appear
The following table shows the numbers of cell phone subscriptions (in thousands) in the United States for various years. Construct a time-series graph of the data. ?Linear? growth would result in a
As part of the Garbage Project at the University of Arizona, the discarded garbage for 62 households was analyzed. Refer to the 62 weights of discarded paper from Data Set 22 in Appendix B and
In 1965, Intel cofounder Gordon Moore proposed what has since become known as Moore?s law: the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits will double approximately every 18 months.
Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix B and use the 50 screw lengths to construct a frequency distribution. Begin with a lower class limit of 0.720 in., and use a class width of 0.010 in. The screws were
What is the minimum possible number of miles traveled by an automobile included in the histogram? What is the maximum possible number of miles traveled? The following STATDISKgenerated histogram,
A histogram is to be constructed from the durations (in hours) of NASA space shuttle flights listed in Data Set 10 in Appendix B. Without actually constructing that histogram, simply identify two key
In constructing a graph that compares the land areas of the five largest countries, you choose to depict the five areas with squares of different sizes. If the squares are drawn so that the areas are
Examples 7 and 8 show a Pareto chart and pie chart for job procurement data. For such data, why is it generally better to use a Pareto chart instead of a pie chart?
See the accompanying graph depicting the number of men and the number of women who earned associate’s degrees in mathematics for a recent year (based on data from the U.S. National Center for
Construct a frequency distribution of the pulse rates of males listed in Table 2-1 on page 47. Use the classes of 50?59, 60?69, and so on. How does the result compare to the frequency distribution
In an ad for the Club, a device used to discourage car thefts, it was stated that “The Club reduces your odds of car theft by 400%.” What is wrong with this statement?
A study compared surgery and splinting for subjects suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. It was found that among 73 patients treated with surgery, there was a 92% success rate. Among 83 patients
In a letter to the editor in the New York Times, Moorestown, New Jersey, resident Jean Mercer criticized the statement that “putting infants in the supine position has decreased deaths from
A car is randomly selected at a traffic safety checkpoint, and the car has 6 cylinders.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
Refer to the given table of car measurements. Are the x values matched with the corresponding y values, as in Table 1-1 on page 5? That is, is each x value somehow associated with the corresponding y
Six different health plans were randomly selected, and all of their members were surveyed about their satisfaction (based on a project sponsored by RAND and the Center for Health Care Policy and
After the last national census was conducted, the Poughkeepsie Journal ran this front-page headline: “281,421,906 in America.” What is wrong with this headline?
In Data Set 12, use the 22 average daily temperatures and use the corresponding 22 amounts of energy consumption (kWh). (Use the temperatures for the horizontal scale.) Based on the result, is there
Refer to Data Set 21 in Appendix B for the axial loads of aluminum cans that are 0.0111 in. thick. The load of 504 lb is an outlier because it is very far away from all of the other values. Construct
Refer to Data Set 13 in Appendix B and use the 40 voltage measurements from the generator. Construct a frequency distribution with seven classes. Begin with a lower class limit of 123.9 volts, and
In Data Set 4, use tar in king-size cigarettes for the horizontal scale and use carbon monoxide (CO) in the same king-size cigarettes for the vertical scale. Determine whether there appears to be a
When using histograms to compare two data sets, it is sometimes difficult to make comparisons by looking back and forth between the two histograms. A back-to-back relative frequency histogram uses a

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