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mathematics
elementary statistics picturing
Questions and Answers of
Elementary Statistics Picturing
Randomly selecting a physician at Bellevue Hospital in New York City and getting a surgeonRandomly selecting a physician at Bellevue Hospital in New York City and getting a femaleDetermine whether
In one of New York State’s instant lottery games, the chances of a win are stated as “4 in 21.”
Find the number of different ways that five test questions can be arranged in order by evaluating 5!.Evaluate the given expressions and express all results using the usual format for writing numbers
When analyzing results from a test of the Microsort gender selection technique developed by the Genetics IVF Institute, a researcher wants to compare the results to those obtained from a coin toss.
Estimate the probability that the next time you ride in a car, you will not be delayed because of some car crash blocking the road.
a. The mean diastolic blood pressure level for adult women is 67.4, with a standard deviation of 11.6 (based on Data Set 1 in Appendix B). Using the range rule of thumb, would a diastolic blood
A columnist for the Daily News in New York City wrote about selecting lottery numbers. He stated that some lottery numbers are more likely to occur because they haven’t turned up as much as they
In horse racing, a quinela is a bet that the first two finishers in a race are selected, and they can be selected in any order. Does a quinela involve combinations or permutations? Explain.
A medical researcher wants to find the probability that a heart patient will survive for one year. He reasons that there are two outcomes (survives, does not survive), so the probability is 1/2. Is
There are currently 477,938 adults in Alaska, and they are all included in one big numbered list. The Gallup Organization uses a computer to randomly select 1068 different numbers between 1 and
Using the context of the addition rule presented in this section and using your own words, describe what P(A and B) denotes.
If A denotes some event, what does A̅ denote? If P(A) = 0.995, what is the value of P(A̅)? If P (A) = 0.995, is A̅ unusual?
Listed below are samples of weights (grams) of regular Coke and diet Coke (based on Data Set 17 in Appendix B). a. Find the mean weight of regular Coke and the mean weight of diet Coke, then
According to FBI data, 12.7% of burglary cases were cleared with arrests. A new detective is assigned to two different burglary cases, and she reasons that the probability of clearing both of them is
In horse racing, a trifecta is a bet that the first three finishers in a race are selected, and they are selected in the correct order. Does a trifecta involve combinations or permutations? Explain.
A student wants to conduct the simulation described in Example 2, but no calculator or computer is available, so the student uses 365 individual index cards to write the individual numbers between 1
Use your own words to describe the notation P(B | A).
In your own words, describe what the notation P(B|A) represents.
A New York Times CBS News Poll typically involves the selection of random digits to be used for telephone numbers. The New York Times states that “within each (telephone) exchange, random digits
A wedding caterer randomly selects clients from the past few years and records the months in which the wedding receptions were held. The results are listed below (based on data from The Amazing
When using the data from Exercise 3 to conduct a hypothesis test of the claim that weddings occur in the 12 months with equal frequency, we obtain the P-value of 0.477. What does that P-value tell us
Winning team data were collected for teams in different sports, with the results given in the accompanying table (based on data from ?Predicting Professional Sports Game Outcomes from Intermediate
How many subjects are included in the experiment? Refer to the following table. The table summarizes results from an experiment in which subjects were first classified as smokers or nonsmokers, then
Do “A” students tend to sit in a particular part of the classroom? The author recorded the locations of the students who received grades of A, with these results: 17 sat in the front, 9 sat in
The Minitab display results from the table below, which lists data obtained from randomly selected crime victims (based on data from the U.S. Department of Justice). What can we conclude? MINITAB
When considering effects from eliminating the penny as a unit of currency in the United States, the author randomly selected 100 checks and recorded the cents portions of those checks. The table
The table below summarizes challenges made by tennis players in the first U.S. Open that used the Hawk-Eye electronic instant replay system. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that
How many subjects appear to be unaffected by the treatment one way or the other? Refer to the following table. The table summarizes results from an experiment in which subjects were first classified
In a recent baseball World Series, the Houston Astros wanted to close the roof on their domed stadium so that fans could make noise and give the team a better advantage at home. However, the Astros
Which of the following pairs of before after results are discordant? a. Smoke/smoke b. Smoke/don't smoke c. Don't smoke/smoke d. Dont' smoke/don't smoke Refer to the following table. The table
Randomly selected nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses are categorized according to the day of the week that they first occurred, and the results are listed below (based on data from the
Chantix is a drug used as an aid for those who want to stop smoking. The adverse reaction of nausea has been studied in clinical trials, and the table below summarizes results (based on data from
Using a 0.01 significance level, find the critical value. Refer to the following table. The table summarizes results from an experiment in which subjects were first classified as smokers or
In recent years, concerns have been expressed about adverse health effects from amalgam dental restorations, which include mercury. The table below shows results from a study in which some patients
Based on the preceding results, what do you conclude? How does the conclusion make sense in terms of the original sample results? Refer to the following table. The table summarizes results from an
Pregnant women were tested for immunity to the rubella virus, and they were also tested for immunity to measles, with results given in the following table (based on data from ?Does Rubella Predict
Cases of UFO sightings are randomly selected and categorized according to month, with the results listed in the table below (based on data from Larry Hatch). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the
Randomly selected subjects are inflicted with tinea pedis (athlete?s foot) on each of their feet. One foot is treated with a fungicide solution while the other foot is given a placebo. The results
Cases of violent crimes are randomly selected and categorized by month, with the results shown in the table below (based on data from the FBI). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that
The Queen Elizabeth II cruise ship and Royal Caribbean?s Freedom of the Seas cruise ship both experienced outbreaks of norovirus within two months of each other. Results are shown in the table below.
The Advanced Placement Biology class at Mount Pearl Senior High School conducted genetics experiments with fruit flies, and the results in the following table are based on the results that they
A Pew Research poll was conducted to investigate opinions about global warming. The respondents who answered yes when asked if there is solid evidence that the earth is getting warmer were then asked
In the article ?Whole-Body Dual-Modality PET/CT and Whole Body MRI for Tumor Staging in Oncology? (Antoch, et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 290, No. 24), the authors cite the
A Pew Research poll was conducted to investigate opinions about global warming. The respondents who answered yes when asked if there is solid evidence that the earth is getting warmer were then asked
In the article ?Eradication of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome? (Pimentel, Chow, and Lin, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 95, No. 12),
Campral is a drug used to help patients continue their abstinence from the use of alcohol. Adverse reactions of Campral have been studied in clinical trials, and the table below summarizes results
The test statistic given in this section includes a correction for continuity. The test statistic given below does not include the correction for continuity, and it is sometimes used as the test
Amounts of recent political contributions are randomly selected, and the leading digits are found to have frequencies of 52, 40, 23, 20, 21, 9, 8, 9, and 30. (Those observed frequencies correspond to
In the trial of State of Arizona vs. Wayne James Nelson, the defendant was accused of issuing checks to a vendor that did not really exist. The amounts of the checks are listed below in order by row.
Experiments and clinical trials with different treatment groups commonly include information about the characteristics of those groups. In a study of four different weight loss programs, each program
a. Find the mean for each of the three groups.b. Find the standard deviation for each of the three groups.Refer to the numbers of years that U.S. presidents, popes, and British monarchs lived after
The World Almanac and Book of Facts includes a section called “Noted Personalities,” with subsections composed of architects, artists, business leaders, military leaders, philosophers, political
What is the main difference between oneway analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance?
Listed below are the weights (in lb) of cars in three different categories (from Data Set 16 in Appendix B). The Minitab display from these data is also shown. Use a 0.05 significance level to test
Test the claim that there is a difference between the mean for presidents and the mean for British monarchs.Refer to the numbers of years that U.S. presidents, popes, and British monarchs lived after
Ask each student in the class to estimate the length of the classroom. Specify that the length is the distance between the chalkboard and the opposite wall. On the same sheet of paper, each student
Test the null hypothesis that loads on the left femur are not affected by an interaction between the type of car and the size of the car.
Divide into groups of three or four students. Each group should survey other students at the same college by asking them to identify their major and gender.You might include other factors, such as
Refer to the sample data given in Exercise 1. Given that the three sample means are 132.7, 134.4, and 138.1, can we use analysis of variance to conclude that the mean skull breadth from 150 A.D. is
Shown below is a Minitab-generated interaction plot representing weights of poplar trees grown at different sites (site 1 and site 2) with different treatments (none, fertilizer, irrigation,
Assume that left femur loads are not affected by an interaction between type of car (foreign, domestic) and size of car (small, medium, large). Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that
Divide into groups of three or four students. Each student should go to a different fast-food restaurant (McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s) and randomly select customers as they enter a line to
Test the null hypothesis that heights are not affected by an interaction between sex and age bracket. What do you conclude?
Assume that left femur loads are not affected by an interaction between type of car (foreign, domestic) and size of car (small, medium, large). Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that
Listed below are body temperatures (in oF) randomly selected from the larger sample in Data Set 2 of Appendix B. a.?What is the level of measurement of these temperatures? b. Are body temperatures
Assume that heights are not affected by an interaction between sex and age bracket. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that sex has an effect on height?
A study of the Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers, and Ornish weight loss programs involved 160 subjects. Each program was followed by 40 subjects. The subjects were weighed before starting the weight
Test the null hypothesis that head injury measurements are not affected by an interaction between the type of car (foreign, domestic) and size of the car (small, medium, large). What do you conclude?
The table below lists the numbers of years that U.S. presidents, popes, and British monarchs (since 1690) lived after their inauguration, election, or coronation respectively. As of this writing, the
If we use the amounts (in millions of dollars) grossed by movies in categories with PG, PG-13, and R ratings, we obtain the SPSS analysis of variance results shown below. The original sample data are
The table below lists numbers of firearm injuries arranged according to circumstances and whether the firearm was a handgun or a rifle or shotgun (based on data from ?Hospitalization Charges, Costs,
Test the null hypothesis that measurements of self-esteem are not affected by an interaction between the subject’s self-esteem and the target’s self esteem. What do you conclude?
Listed below are measured loads (in lb) on the left femur of crash test dummies used in the same cars listed in the Chapter Problem. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the null hypothesis that the
Assume that self-esteem measurements are not affected by an interaction between subject self-esteem and target self-esteem. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the category of the
Assume that self-esteem measurements are not affected by an interaction between subject self-esteem and target self-esteem. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the self-esteem of
Listed below are randomly selected values from STATDISK and the TI-83 84 Plus calculator. Both samples are obtained by selecting a uniform distribution of whole numbers between 1 and 1000 inclusive.
The last 103 baseball seasons (as of this writing) ended with 61 World Series wins by American League teams, compared to 42 wins by National League teams. Can the runs test be used to show that the
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of its methods for gender selection. As of this writing, 172 of 211 babies born to parents using the YSORT method were boys. If the sign test
Divide into groups of 8 to 12 people. For each group member, measure his or her height and measure his or her arm span. For the arm span, the subject should stand with arms extended, like the wings
Use a 0.05 significance level with analysis of variance to test the claim that the three books have the same mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Do the three books appear to be written with the same
Divide into groups of three or four. Survey students by asking them to identify their major and gender. For each surveyed subject, determine the accuracy of the time on his or her wristwatch. First
Positive signs: 5; negative signs: 7; ties: 1 (from a class project testing for the difference between reported and measured heights of males)Assume that matched pairs of data result in the given
Listed below are measured loads (in lb) on the right femur of crash test dummies. (The data are from the same cars used in the Chapter Problem for Chapter 12.) Test the claim that the different car
Listed below are combined city-highway fuel consumption ratings (in miles gal) for different cars measured under the old rating system and a new rating system introduced in 2008 (based on data from
Consumer Reports magazine tested LCD televisions. The table below shows the overall quality score and cost in hundreds of dollars. Test for a correlation. Based on these results, can you expect to
Using subgroups of size corresponding to the rows of the table for the first three days given in Exercise 1, find the values of x̅, the lower control limit, and the upper control limit that would be
In each of 15 recent and consecutive years, 1,000,000 people in the United States were randomly selected and the number who were homicide victims was determined, with the results listed below. Are
The author conducted a survey of his students and requested the value of the coins that each student possessed. Some of the results (in cents) are listed below. Do these values appear to be from a
The table below lists the values of new cars sold by dealers and the values of clothes sold by clothing stores in five recent years (based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau). All values are in
Listed below are the genders of the first 25 subjects listed in Data Set 3 in Appendix B. Use that sequence to identify the values of n1, n2, and G that would be used in the runs test for
Listed below are measured body temperatures (in ?F) of randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 2 in Appendix B). Use the sign test with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that body
Construct a scatterplot of the paired cholesterol weight data. Use the data in the table below, which are cholesterol levels (in mg per dL of blood) and corresponding weights (in lb) for randomly
In a study of fraternal twins of different genders, researchers measured the heights of each twin. The data show that for each matched pair, the height of the male is greater than the height of his
Many nonparametric tests are based on ranks. What is a rank? What are the ranks of the following lengths (in hr) of NASA Space Shuttle Transport System flights (from Data Set 10 in Appendix B): 54,
Use a 0.05 significance level to test for a linear correlation between cholesterol level and weight. Use the data in the table below, which are cholesterol levels (in mg per dL of blood) and
Do Activity 2 using pulse rate instead of arm span. Measure pulse rates by counting the number of heartbeats in 1 min.
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of its YSORT gender-selection method. The results consisted of 172 boys and 39 girls. Assume that you must conduct a test of the claim that
If results from the 107 subjects listed in Data Set 3 in Appendix B are rearranged so that all of the males are placed at the beginning of the list and all of the females are placed at the end of the
Nonparametric tests are typically not as efficient as a corresponding parametric test, provided the necessary requirements are satisfied. What does the efficiency measure? If nonparametric tests are
Refer to the body temperatures listed in Exercise 2. Use only the decimal parts of the temperatures (0, 0, 0, 7, and so on) to test the claim that the sequence of odd and even digits is
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