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physics
conceptual physical science

Questions and Answers of Conceptual Physical Science

What kind of path would the planets follow if suddenly their attraction to the Sun no longer existed?
When a bird lets go of a branch and drops to the ground below, why doesn’t the moving Earth sweep away from the dropping bird?
What concept was missing from people’s minds in the 16th century when they couldn’t believe Earth was moving?
Is inertia a property of matter or a force of some kind?
State the law of inertia.
Refer to the tracks in Exercise 107.(a) Does ball B roll faster along the lower part of track B than ball A rolls along the straighter track A?(b) Is the speed gained by ball B going down the extra
If you toss a coin straight upward while riding in a train that travels at uniform and steady motion along a straight-line track, where does the coin land? Where does the coin land if the train slows
In the absence of air resistance, a ballplayer tosses a ball straight up.(a) By how much does the speed of the ball decrease each second while it is ascending?(b) By how much does its speed increase
Suppose that a freely falling object falls from a rest position and is equipped with an odometer. What equation is most appropriate for determining the distance fallen each second? Do the readings
Someone standing at the edge of a cliff (as in Figure 1.24) throws a ball straight up at a certain speed and another ball straight down at the same initial speed. If air resistance is
When the strong man in Exercise 97 exerts a downward force of 900 N on the rope, how much upward force is exerted on the block?Exercise 97For the pulley system shown, what is the upper limit of the
Asteroids have been moving through space for billions of years. A friend says that initial forces applied long ago keep them moving. Do you and your friend agree?
Consider a freely falling object dropped from rest. What is its acceleration at the end of 5 s? At the end of 10 s? Defend your answer (and distinguish between velocity and acceleration).
Correct your friend who says, “Japan’s bullet trains can easily round a curve at a constant velocity of 160 km/h.”
What is the acceleration of a Tesla automobile that maintains a constant velocity of 150 km/h?
Gracie says acceleration is how fast you go. Alex says acceleration is how fast you get fast. They look to you for confirmation. Who’s correct?
Emily Easygo can paddle a canoe in still water at 8 km/h.How successful will she be at canoeing upstream in a river that flows at 8 km/h?
What is the impact speed when a car moving at 100 km/h collides with the rear of another car traveling in the same direction at 98 km/h? What is the impact speed when they collide head on?
One ultralight aircraft travels due north at 100 km/h while another travels due south at 100 km/h. Are their speeds the same? Are their velocities the same? Explain.
InFigure 1.15 we see Marie pushing horizontally on a table that slides across the floor at constant velocity. If she pushed with the same amount of force, but directed that force downward a bit,
Consider your desk at rest on your bedroom floor. As you and your friend start to lift it, does the support force on the desk provided by the floor increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? What
In order to slide a heavy cabinet across the floor at constant speed, once it is sliding you exert a horizontal force of 550 N. Is the force of friction between the cabinet and the floor greater
Place a heavy book on a table, and the table pushes up on the book. A friend reasons that the table can’t push upward on the book because if it did, the book would rise above the table. What do you
A hockey puck at rest is in equilibrium. Is it in equilibrium if it slides across ice at constant velocity? Defend your answer.
If the vine that supports the monkey breaks, what is then the net force on the monkey?
Suppose the monkey weighs 100 N and the vine supporting her pulls upward with a force of 120 N. What is the net force on the monkey? Describe her motion.
Gravitational force on the Moon is merely 1/6 the gravitational force on Earth. What would be the weight of a 10-kg object on the Moon and on Earth? What would its mass be on the Moon and on Earth?
Is a person on a diet more accurately said to lose mass or to lose weight? Defend your answer.
Which has more mass: a 2-kg fluffy pillow or a 3-kg small piece of iron? Which has more volume? Why are your answers different?
What physical quantity is a measure of how much inertia an object has?
When a ball rolls down an incline, it gains speed because of gravity. When a ball rolls up an incline, it loses speed because of gravity. Why doesn’t gravity play a role when it rolls on a
A bowling ball rolling along a lane gradually slows as it rolls. How would Aristotle probably interpret this observation? How would Galileo interpret it?
Which of Aristotle’s ideas did Galileo discredit with his inclined-plane experiments?
An airplane starting from rest at one end of a runway accelerates uniformly at 4.0 m/s2 for 15 s before takeoff.(a) What is its takeoff speed?(b) Show that the plane travels along the runway a
A school bus slows to a stop with an average acceleration of −2.0 m/s2. Show that it takes 5.0 s for the bus to slow from 10.0 m/s to a stop.
A ball is thrown straight up with an initial speed of 30 m/s.(a) How much time does it take for the ball to reach the top of its trajectory?(b) Show that it will reach a height of 45 m (neglecting
A car races on a circular track of radius r.(a) Write an equation for the car’s average speed when it travels a complete lap in time t.(b) The radius of the track is 400 m, and the time to complete
ExtendTable 1.2 (which gives values from 0 to 5 s) from 6 s to 10 s, assuming no air resistance. Time of Fall (s) Velocity Acquired (m/s) Distance Fallen (m) 10 20 5 2 20 45 30 4 40 80 125 50
Lillian rides her bicycle along a straight road at an average velocity v.(a) Write an equation showing the distance she travels in time t.(b) If Lillian’s average speed is 7.5 m/s for a time of 5.0
(a) Show that the acceleration is 7.5 m/s2 for a ball that starts from rest, rolls down a ramp, and gains a speed of 30 m/s in 4 s.(b) Would its acceleration be greater or less if the ramp were a bit
(a) Show that Leslie’s average speed is 10 km/h when she runs to the store 5 km away in 30 min.(b) How fast is this in units of m/s?
(a) Show that the average speed of a tennis ball is 48 m/s when it travels the full length of the court, 24 m, in 0.5 s. (b) How would greater air resistance affect the travel time?
An airplane with an airspeed of 90 km/h lands on a runway where the wind speed is 40 km/h.(a) What is the landing speed of the plane if the wind is head on?(b) What is its landing speed if the wind
Driving along the road at 88 km/h, Reckless Rick runs into Hapless Harry, who is directly in front of him and is driving at 80 km/h. What is the impact speed—that is, the speed of the two vehicles
A horizontal force of 120 N is required to push a bookcase across a floor at a constant velocity.(a) What is the net force acting on the bookcase?(b) How much is the friction force that acts on the
Find the strength of the net force produced by a 30-N force and a 20-N force in each of the following cases:(a) Both forces act in the same direction.(b) The two forces act in opposite directions.
Show that the hamster in Exercise 37 travels a distance of 22.5 m in 3 s.Exercise 37Show that the acceleration of a hamster is 5 m/s2 when it increases its velocity from rest to 10 m/s in 2
Show that the acceleration of a hamster is 5 m/s2 when it increases its velocity from rest to 10 m/s in 2 s.Free-fall distance from rest; d = ½ gt2.
Place a file card on top of the mouth of a drinking glass.Place a coin over the center of the card. Snap the card horizontally so it flies off the glass. You’ll see that the coin drops into the
Place a coin on top of a sheet of paper on a desk or table.Pull the paper horizontally with a quick snap. What concept of physics does this illustrate?
By any method you choose, determine your average walking speed. How do your results compare with those of your classmates?
Your grandparents are probably interested in your educational progress. Perhaps, like many grandparents, they have little science background and may be mathematically challenged. Write a letter to
What is the acceleration of an object in free fall at Earth’s surface?
What is the acceleration of an object that moves at constant velocity? What is the net force on the object in this case?
Distinguish between velocity and acceleration.
How can you be both at rest and moving at 100,000 km/h at the same time?
Does the speedometer on a vehicle show average speed or instantaneous speed?
Why do we say that velocity is a vector and speed is not?
If you push a heavy piece of furniture and it slides at constant velocity, how much friction acts on it compared to your pushing force?
Suppose you push to the right on a heavy piece of furniture, but not hard enough to make it slide. Does a friction force act on the furniture?
If you push to the right on a heavy piece of furniture and it slides, what is the direction of friction on the furniture?
How does the direction of a friction force compare with the direction of the velocity of a sliding object?
When you weigh yourself, how does the support force of the scale acting on you compare to the gravitational force between you and Earth?
Why is the support force on an object often called the normal force?
One bowling ball sits at rest, and another bowling ball rolls down a lane at constant speed. Which ball is in equilibrium? Defend your answer.
What does ΣF = 0 mean?
How much tension is in a vertical rope that holds a 20-N bag of apples at rest?
Name the force that occurs in a rope when both ends are pulled in opposite directions.
What two properties are necessary for a vector quantity?
What is the net force on a box that is being pushed to the right with 50 N of force while, at the same time, being pushed to the left with 20 N of force?
A 1-kg object weighs nearly 10 N on Earth. Would it weigh more or less on the Moon?
What are the units of measurement for weight and for mass?
Where is your weight greater, on Earth or on the Moon? How about your mass?
Which depends on location: weight or mass?
What name is given to the property by which objects resist changes in motion?
Which dominated Galileo’s way of extending knowledge: philosophical discussion or experiment?
What idea of Aristotle did Galileo discredit with his experiments on balls rolling on a incline?
Did Aristotle believe that forces are necessary to keep objects moving, or did he believe that, once moving, they would simply continue to move?
What did Aristotle believe about the relative speeds of fall for heavy and light objects?

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