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chemistry principles and practice

Questions and Answers of Chemistry Principles And Practice

Explain how a combustion analysis is used to determine the percentage of oxygen in a new compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Calculate the percentage by mass of each element in C2H2F4.
Only the empirical formula can be calculated from percentage composition data. What additional information is needed to calculate the molecular formula from the empirical formula, and if given this
Interpret the following equation in terms of number of moles. N₂ + 2H₂ → N₂H4
Combustion of a 0.2000-g sample of a compound made up of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen yields 0.200 g H2O and 0.4880 g CO2. Calculate the mass and mass percentage of each element present in the
Analysis of a substance shows that a 0.902-g sample contains 0.801 g carbon and 0.101 g hydrogen. What is the empirical formula of the substance?
Draw a flow diagram used to answer the following question, “How many grams of N2 are needed to exactly react with 2.44 g H2 given the equation N2 + 2H2 → N2H4?”
Analysis of a substance shows that its composition is 30.4% nitrogen and 69.6% oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the substance?
Describe what is meant by the expression, “The reaction was carried out with the reactants present in stoichiometric amounts.”
Determine the molecular formula of a compound that has the empirical formula of C4H8O and has a molar mass of 144 g/mol.
Describe a method of determining the limiting reactant in a calculation based on the individual masses of each of the reactants.
Determine the mass of Ga2O3 formed from the reaction of 14.5 g gallium metal with excess O2.StrategySolve the problem by using the four-step procedure just outlined:(1) Write the balanced
Calculate the mass of sulfur trioxide that will form by the reaction of 4.1 g sulfur dioxide with excess O2.
Given the following equation, calculate the mass of O2 needed to react completely with 7.4 g NO. 2NO+ O₂ → 2NO₂
Describe what is meant by the statement, “In a combustion reaction, C2H4 is the limiting reactant and oxygen is present in excess.”
A mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen gas reacts as shown below.(a) Write the balanced equation (remember to express the coefficients as the lowest set of whole numbers).(b) Name the product.
Given the following equation, calculate the mass (in grams) of AlCl3 that can be produced from 4.40 g Al and 12.0 g Cl2? 2A1+3C1₂ 2A1C13
A mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen gas reacts as shown below.(a) Write the balanced equation (remember to express the coefficients as the lowest set of whole numbers).(b) Name the product.
Write balanced equations for the following reactions. (a) C5H12 + O₂ →→ CO₂ + H₂O (b) NH3 + O₂ → N₂ + H₂O (c) KOH + H₂SO4 → K₂SO4 + H₂O
What is the percent yield if 2.4 g NH3 is obtained from the reaction of 0.64 g H2 with excess N2?
Write balanced equations for the following reactions. (a) Mg3N₂ + H₂O → NH3 + Mg(OH)2 (b) Fe + O₂ Fe₂O3 →
In an experiment performed in the laboratory, 44 g NH3 is mixed with 120 g O2, and 73 g NO is isolated. Given the following equation, what is the percent yield? 4NH3 + 50₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
Write balanced equations for the following reactions. (a) N₂H4 + N₂O4N₂ + H₂O (b) F₂ + H₂O → HF + O₂ (c) Na₂O + H₂O → NaOH
Balance these reactions. (a) Al(s) + O₂(g) → Al₂O3(s) (b) N₂(g) + H₂(g) → NH3(g) (c) CH%(l) + Oz(g) → H,O(l) + CO,(g)
(a) Write the equation for perchloric acid (HClO4) dissolving in water.(b) Write the equation for sodium nitrate dissolving in water.
(a) Write the equation for hydrofluoric acid (HF) dissolving in water.(b) Write the equation for lithium sulfate dissolving in water.
(a) Write the equation for nitric acid (HNO3) dissolving in water.(b) Write the equation for potassium carbonate dissolving in water.
(a) Write the equation for hydrochloric acid dissolving in water.(b) Write the equation for barium nitrate dissolving in water.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of(a) NaOH and H2SO4.(b) calcium hydroxide and HCl.(c) HNO3 and lithium hydroxide.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of(a) Mg(OH)2 and HF.(b) Sodium hydroxide and HCl.(c) H2SO4 and strontium hydroxide.
Write a balanced equation for each of these combustion reactions. (a) C4H10(g) + O₂(g) → (b) C6H12O6(s) + O₂(g) → (c) C4H8O(l) + O₂(g) →>>
Write a balanced equation for the combustion (in excess oxygen) of each of the following compounds.(a) C6H12(b) C4H8(c) C2H4O(d) C4H6O2
Write a balanced equation for(a) The combustion of C6H10 and O2.(b) The reaction of Be(OH)2 and nitric acid.
Write a balanced equation for(a) The combustion of C8H8 and O2.(b) The reaction of potassium hydroxide and HCl.
The reaction of carbon disulfide and oxygen yields sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Methyl tertiarybutyl ether, CH3OC(CH3)3, MTBE, is a compound that is added to gasoline to increase the octane rating, replacing the toxic compound tetraethyl lead that was used previously.
Acetone, (CH3)2CO, is an important industrial compound. Although its toxicity is relatively low, workers using it must be careful to avoid flames and sparks because this compound burns readily in
The substance H3PO3 can be converted into H3PO4 and PH3 by heating. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. H3PO4
Disulfur dichloride is used to vulcanize rubber. It is prepared by the reaction of elemental sulfur, S8, and chlorine gas, Cl2. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Uranium dioxide reacts with carbon tetrachloride vapor at high temperatures, forming green crystals of uranium tetrachloride and phosgene, COCl2, a poisonous gas. Write the balanced equation for this
Identify the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the following substances.(a) N2(b) NaBr(c) Na2SO4(d) HNOX(e) PCl5(f) CH2O
Identify the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the following substances.(a) NH4Cl(b) N2O(c) Ag(d) AuI3
In the ionic compound sodium hydride, NaH, the hydrogen atom does not have its common oxidation number. On the basis of the formula of this compound, what is the oxidation number of the H atom?
In compounds called peroxides, the oxygen atoms do not have oxidation numbers common for oxygen atoms. On the basis of the formula of sodium peroxide, Na2O2, what is the oxidation number of the O
The reaction of hydrazine, N2H4, with molecular oxygen is violent because it rapidly produces large quantities of gases and heat. For this reason, hydrazine has been used as a rocket fuel. The
The reaction of iron metal with oxygen gas at increased temperatures yields iron(III) oxide. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Assign an oxidation number to each element in the reactants
White phosphorus, P4, is a solid at room temperature. It reacts with molecular oxygen to yield solid P4O10. Write the balanced equation for this reaction, including the physical states. Assign an
Zinc metal and HCl react to yield zinc(II) chloride and hydrogen gas. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the reactants and products, and
One of the ways to remove nitrogen monoxide gas, a serious source of air pollution, from smokestack emissions is by reaction with ammonia gas, NH3. The products of the reaction, N2 and H2O, are not
The reaction of MnO2 and HCl yields MnCl2, Cl2, and water. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Assign an oxidation number to each element in the reactants and products, and indicate which
State how many atoms are present in the following samples.(a) 1.44 mol Mg(b) 9.77 mol Ne(c) 0.099 mol Fe
State how many atoms are present in the following samples.(a) 0.0778 mol Xe(b) 1.45 mol K(c) 55.8 mol Ti
State how many molecules are present in the following samples.(a) 99.2 mol H2O(b) 1.22 mol N2(c) 22.9 mol C3H6(d) 0.0022 mol N2O
State how many molecules are present in the following samples.(a) 0.223 mol Cl2(b) 14.7 mol N2H4(c) 0.334 mol C9H18(d) 1.22 mol CO2
State how many moles are present in the following samples.(a) 3.44 × 1024 molecules of O2(b) 1.11 × 1022 atoms of Na(c) 5.57 × 1030 molecules of C2H6(d) 1.66 × 1024 molecules of CO
State how many moles are present in the following samples.(a) 1.33 × 1026 molecules of Br2(b) 7.71 × 1026 molecules of C5H12(c) 2.34 × 1023 molecules of B2H6(d) 7.76 × 1023 atoms of Ne
Give the molar mass of the following substances.(a) NaOH(b) C2H4(c) Mg(OH)2
Give the molar mass of the following substances.(a) N2O4(b) Na2SO4(c) C6H10O2
Give the molar mass of the following substances.(a) ZnBr2(b) K2CrO4(c) BaS
Give the molar mass of the following substances.(a) N2O2(b) (NH4)2CO3(c) C8H15N
(a) Calculate the number of moles in 9.40 g SO2.(b) Calculate the mass in 3.30 mol AlCl3.(c) Calculate the number of moles in 1.12 × 1023 molecules of H2SO4 H₂SO4
How many moles of compound are in(a) 39.2 g H2SO4?(b) 8.00 g O2?(c) 10.7 g NH3?
(a) Calculate the number of moles in 14.3 g C6H6.(b) Calculate the mass of 0.0535 mol SiH4.(c) Calculate the number of molecules in 1.11 g H2O.
(a) Calculate the mass of 78.4 mol CO2.(b) Calculate the number of moles in 192 g AgNO3.(c) Calculate the number of molecules in 9.22 g CH4.
Calculate the number of moles in the following samples.(a) 2.2 g K2SO4(b) 6.4 g C8H12N4(c) 7.13 g Fe(C5H5)2
Calculate the mass, in grams, of the following samples.(a) 7.55 mol N2O4(b) 9.2 mol CaCl2(c) 0.44 mol CO
(a) Calculate the number of moles in 48.0 g H2O2.(b) Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in this sample.
(a) Calculate the number of molecules in 3.4 g H2.(b) Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in this sample.
(a) Calculate the mass, in grams, of 3.50 mol NO2.(b) Calculate the number of molecules in this sample.(c) Calculate the number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the sample.
(a) Calculate the number of moles in 33.1 g SO3.(b) Calculate the number of molecules in this sample.(c) Calculate the number of sulfur and oxygen atoms in the sample.
Possession of 5.0 g “crack” cocaine, C17H21NO4, is a felony in most states, the conviction of which carries mandatory jail time. How many moles of cocaine is this quantity?
A standard serving of alcohol is 0.9 fluid ounce pure ethanol, C2H5OH. If there is 29.56 mL in one fluid ounce and the density of ethanol is 0.7894 g/mL, how many moles of ethanol are in a standard
Colchicine, C22H25NO6, is a naturally occurring compound that has been used as a medicine since the time of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt. Although the reasons for its effectiveness are not yet
Nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4, is a volatile (easily converted to the gas phase), extremely toxic compound that forms when carbon monoxide gas is passed over finely divided nickel. Despite this
A molecular model of methyl alcohol is shown below; the OH group is an alcohol functional group, a group present in many important chemicals. Write the formula of methyl alcohol and use it to
A molecular model of hydrogen peroxide is shown below. Write the formula of hydrogen peroxide and use it to calculate the number of moles of hydrogen atoms in 0.011 mol hydrogen peroxide.
What is the percentage, by mass, of each element in the following substances?(a) C4H8(b) C3H4N2(c) Fe2O3
What is the percentage, by mass, of each element in the following substances?(a) C6H12(b) C5H12O(c) NiCl2
What is the mass percentage of each element in acetone, C3H6O?
Calculate the mass percentage of copper in CuS, copper(II) sulfide.
What is the mass percentage of each element in sodium sulfate?
What is the mass percentage of each element in magnesium carbonate?
The compound sodium borohydride, NaBH4, is used in the preparation of many organic compounds.(a) What is the molar mass of sodium borohydride?(b) What is the mass percentage of each element in this
Calcium carbonate is popular as an antacid because, in addition to neutralizing stomach acid, it provides calcium, a necessary mineral to the body.(a) What is the formula mass of calcium
A chemist prepared a compound that she thought had the formula FeI3. When the compound was analyzed, it contained 18.0% Fe and 82.0% I. Calculate the mass percentage composition expected for FeI3
A compound was prepared and analyzed. It was 56.0% C, 3.92% H, and 27.6% Cl by mass. The compound was thought to have the formula C6H4(OH)Cl. Calculate the mass percentage of each element in this
Calculate the mass of carbon in the following compounds.(a) 4.9 g CO(b) 2.2 g C3H6(c) 9.33 g C2H6O
Calculate the mass of carbon in the following compounds.(a) 1.80 g C4H10O(b) 0.00223 g Na2CO3(c) 22.1 g C5H11N
Calculate the mass of carbon in the following compounds.(a) 4.32 g CO2(b) 2.21 g C2H4(c) 0.0443 g CS2
Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the following compounds.(a) 4.33 g H2O(b) 1.22 g C2H2(c) 4.44 g N2H4
A 1.070-g sample of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen burns in excess O2 to produce 1.80 g CO2 and 1.02 g H2O. Calculate the mass of each element in the sample and the mass
A 2.770-g sample containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen burns in excess O2 to produce 4.06 g CO2 and 1.66 g H2O. Calculate the mass of each element in the sample and the mass percentage of each
A 3.11-g sample containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen burns in excess O2 to produce 5.06 g CO2 and 2.07 g H2O. Calculate the mass of each element in the sample and the mass percentage of
A 0.513-g sample containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen burns in excess O2 to produce 1.04 g CO2 and 0.704 g H2O. Calculate the mass of each element in the sample and the mass percentage of
What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 0.139 g hydrogen and 0.831 g carbon?
What is the empirical formula of a substance that contains 0.80 g carbon and 0.20 g hydrogen?
A sample contains 0.571 g carbon, 0.072 g hydrogen, and 0.333 g nitrogen. What is the empirical formula of this substance?
A sample contains 0.152 g nitrogen and 0.348 g oxygen. What is the empirical formula of this substance?
What is the empirical formula of a substance that contains only iron and chlorine, and is 44.06% by mass iron?
What is the empirical formula of a substance containing only selenium and chlorine, and is 52.7% selenium by mass?

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