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introductory chemistry atoms first
Introductory Chemistry Atoms First 5th Edition Steve Russo And Michael Silver - Solutions
How many significant figures are there in the following measured values, and what is the uncertainty in each measurement?(a) 0.001 kg (b) 0.000 10 m(c) 102 L (d) 2.600 × 10–3 m(e) 1.1 × 106 km
Do the following calculations and give your answers to the correct number of significant figures using correct units.1222 pounds/2 in. = ?
To the correct number of significant figures, what is the result of adding the measured values 100 in. + 2 in. + 0.001 in.? What is the uncertainty in the result?
Do the following calculations and give your answers to the correct number of significant figures using correct units.Suppose you measure the length of a house to be 60.50 ft. How many yards is that? (1 yard = 3 ft)
To the correct number of significant figures, what is the product of each mathematical operation? Use scientific notation when necessary. (No units shown means a number is exact.)(a) 2.30 cm × 2 (b) 2 m × 2.000 m(c) 1001 J × 10 (d) 124 mm ÷ 0.1 mm
Do the following calculations and give your answers to the correct number of significant figures using correct units.(a) 1222 pounds/2.0 in. = ?(b) 1222 pounds/2.00 in. = ?(c) What do you get when you quadruple 21.72 cm?
A student walks 20,450.2 ft to school every day. A mile is defined as 5280 ft. Doing the division 20,450.2 ft ÷ 5280 ft per mile on a calculator gives 3.873143939 miles. What, if anything, is wrong with this answer?
Do the following problems and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures.1555 in. + 0.001 in. + 0.2 in. = ?
Do the following problems and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures.1555 cm + 0.001 cm + 0.8 cm = ?
Do the following problems and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures.142 cm – 0.48 cm = ?
What is the base SI unit of length? What is the SI unit of volume?
Express the distance 24,000,000,000 m ±100 million m using the appropriate Greek prefix.
What are two metric but non-SI units of volume, and why are they more often used than the SI unit of vWhen is it correct to use cm3 instead of mL? Explain.olume?
Express the distance 4736 m in kilometers (1 km = 1000 m).
When is it correct to use cm3 instead of mL? Explain.
Express 0.025 m in millimeters (1 mm = 0.001 m).
Why was the SI unit system developed by scientists?
How many milliliters are there in 1.000 L?
Convert each length to meters. Report your answers in scientific notation and watch your significant figures.(a) 2.31 gigameters (Gm)(b) 5.00 micrometers (μm)(c) 1004 millimeters (mm)(d) 5.00 picometers (pm)(e) 0.25 kilometer (km)
How many milliliters are there in 2.500 L?
Which is larger, a Celsius degree or a Fahrenheit degree? Explain.
How many milliliters are there in 246.7 cm3?
Of the three temperature scales, which can have negative temperatures? For the one(s) that can’t, explain why not.
The temperature outside is 263.5 k. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius and in degrees Fahrenheit?
Convert:(a) 22.5°C to Fahrenheit and Kelvin(b) –3.00°F to Celsius and Kelvin(c) 100.0°C to Kelvin and Fahrenheit(d) 65.1°C to Fahrenheit and Kelvin
Which is denser, a 200 pound block of lead or a 0.1-g piece of gold?
How cold does it have to be for water to freeze in°F? In °C? In kelvins?
A cube that is 10.0 mm × 10.0 mm × 10.0 mm has a mass of 4.70 g. What is its density in grams per milliliter?
What is the coldest temperature possible in Celsius and Fahrenheit? Give your answers to an uncertainty of plus or minus one-hundredth of a degree.
You fill a bottle with water by pouring into it the contents of these two graduated cylinders:(a) What is the uncertainty in each graduated cylinder?(b) To the correct number of significant figures, what is the final volume of water in the bottle after you pour the contents of both cylinders into
A small statue that has a mass of 500.0 g displaces 150.5 mL of water. What is its density in grams per milliliter?
A student measures the length of one side of a perfect cube with the ruler shown here, which is marked in centimeters. She then calculates the volume V by cubing the length l (V = l3 = l × l × l). What volume should she report? Give the answer to the proper number of significant figures and with
Using a ruler marked in centimeters and millimeters, a student measures the diameter of a ball to be 1.5 cm. His partner measures the same ball with the same ruler and comes up with 1.50 cm. Which student used the ruler incorrectly? How did that student use the ruler incorrectly? cm 20 3
Write two conversion factors (two different ratios) to express the fact that there are 24 h in a day.
The students measure another ball with the ruler in Problem 2.93 and determine that its diameter is 2.55 cm. What is the radius of the ball to the correct number of significant figures?Data from Problem 2-93Using a ruler marked in centimeters and millimeters, a student measures the diameter of a
Given a speed of 600.0 miles/h and a measured distance of 50.0 miles, multiply the conversion factor by the measured distance to make identical units cancel. Calculate the result and include its units.
Given a speed of 600.0 miles/h and a measured time of 50.0 h, multiply the conversion factor by the measured time to make identical units cancel. Calculate the result and include its units.
Define density, and explain why the unit for density is called a derived SI unit.
The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What volume in milliliters will 20.0 g of gold occupy?
At 25°C, what is the mass in grams of 1000.0 mL of water?
The density of air is 0.001 30 g/mL. What is the mass in grams of 500.0 L of air? What is this mass in kilograms?
At 25°C, what is the mass in grams of 2.0 L of mercury?
The measured density of lead is 11.4 g/mL. What volume in milliliters will 1.50 pounds of lead occupy? [1 pound = 453.6 g]
At 25°C, the dimensions of a stick of butter are 10.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 10.0 cm. What is the mass of this butter in grams?
It takes six cups of flour to bake one cake; exactly one cup of flour has a mass of 120.0 g. If you have 6955 g of flour, how many cakes can you bake?
Using a bathroom scale, a tub, a sponge, and a measuring cup, explain how you would measure your own density.
Pyrite is a mineral having the formula FeS2 and a density of 5.01 g/mL. It looks like gold and is often called fool’s gold as it is sometimes found in association with gold in gold deposits. Any object sinks in a liquid if the object is denser than the liquid, and it floats if the object is less
A floor installer can cover 250.0 m2 of floor area per hour with floor tiles. How many square feet per minute can he cover?
Two students measure the density of gold. One works with a 100-g bar of pure gold. The other works with a 200-g bar of pure gold. Which student measures the larger density? Explain your answer.
Carry out the following algebraic manipulations.Given p/q = r, solve for p.
Carry out the following algebraic manipulations.Given p/q = r, solve for q.
Suppose it takes you 0.850 weeks to reach the moon in a space ship. How many seconds does it take for you to get there? Use unit analysis to calculate your answer, and show your work.
Carry out the following algebraic manipulations.Given P + Q = z, solve for P.
Suppose you have a 2.000-pound block of iron at 50.0°C. How much heat in joules would it take to warm this block to 75.0°C?
You have a great job in which you earn $25.50 per hour. How many dollars do you earn per second? Use unit analysis to calculate your answer, and show your work.
A 20.0-g block of iron initially at 25.0°C has 100.0 J of heat energy added to it. What is its temperature after the heat energy has been added?
Gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL. Suppose you have 100.0 glonkins of gold. What volume in liters will the gold occupy? Here are some conversion factors to help you: 0.911 ounce per glonkin and 28.35 g per ounce. Use unit analysis to calculate your answer, and show your work. Treat both conversion
Suppose you have a 50.0-mL sample of ethanol at 22.0 °C and want to warm it to 60.0 °C. How many kilojoules of heat will this take? The density of ethanol is 0.785 g/mL.
One liter is equal to 0.264 gallon. Suppose you have 1.000 × 103 cm3 of water. How many gallons do you have? Use unit analysis to calculate your answer, and show your work. Treat all conversion factors as exact.
Convert the answer you calculated in Problem 2.52 to joules, Calories, and calories.Data from Problem 2-52Suppose you have a 50.0-mL sample of ethanol at 22.0 °C and want to warm it to 60.0 °C. How many kilojoules of heat will this take? The density of ethanol is 0.785 g/mL.
The dimensions of a rectangular box are given to be 10.2 cm × 43.7 cm × 9.56 × 102 mm. What is its volume in liters? Be careful! The units are not all the same.
A 0.100-g sample of your favorite candy is burned in a calorimeter that contains 1.00 kg of water initially at 22.0°C. After the candy is burned, the water temperature is 35.5°C. How many Calories are there per gram of your candy?
The block of Problem 2.107 has a mass of 2.43 × 102 kg. What is the density of the block in grams per milliliter?Data from Problem 2.107The dimensions of a rectangular box are given to be 10.2 cm × 43.7 cm × 9.56 × 102 mm. What is its volume in liters? Be careful! The units are not all the same.
You measure one edge of a cube using a meterstick marked in centimeters. Unfortunately, the edge is longer than 1 m. You mark the 1-m point on the cube edge with a pen and then, using a 15-cm ruler marked in millimeters, measure the remaining distance to be 1.40 cm.(a) What is the length of the
A rectangular box measures 6.00 in. in length, 7.00 in. in width, and 8.00 in. in height. What is the volume of the box in liters? [2.54 cm = 1 in.]
An object travels 80.0 m/s. How fast is it traveling in miles per hour? [1 m = 3.28 ft, 1 mile = 5280 ft]
Why can’t you multiply just one side of an equation by something when algebraically rearranging the equation?
(a) Solve the equation y = z/x for x. (b) Solve the equation y = z/2x for x.
Solve the equation y = z – x for x.
Repeat Problem 2.116 using unit analysis. Show all steps. Do you get the same answer you got in Problem 2.116?Data from Problem 2.116The density of a certain liquid is 1.15 g/mL. What mass in grams of the liquid is needed to fill a 50.00-mL container? Do this problem by the method of algebraic
How much heat energy is 1 cal? Give your answer in terms of changing the temperature of water.
Convert:(a) 4.50 Cal to calories(b) 600.0 Cal to kilojoules(c) 1.000 J to calories(d) 50.0 Cal to joules
A 100.0-g block of iron and a 100.0-g block of aluminum are both initially at 25.0°C. Both are then warmed to 100.0°C. Does one block require more heat energy than the other to reach 100.0°C? If so, how much more?
How many “big C” Calories does it take to raise the temperature of 2.00 L of water from 22.0°C to 40.0°C? How many kilojoules? Take the density of water to be 1.00 g/mL.
Why is it necessary for a calorimeter to be insulated?
A 2.50-g piece of wood is burned in a calorimeter that contains 0.200 kg of water. The burning causes the water temperature to increase from 22.1°C to 28.7°C. How much heat energy is released in joules? What is the energy content of the wood in joules per gram of wood?
How many joules of heat energy would it take to raise the temperature of 2.00 pounds of iron from 30.0°C to 90.0°C?[453.6 g = 1 pound]
How many grams of wood from Problem 2.125 would you have to burn to accomplish the task of Problem 2.126?Data from Problem 2.125A 2.50-g piece of wood is burned in a calorimeter that contains 0.200 kg of water. The burning causes the water temperature to increase from 22.1°C to 28.7°C. How much
A 2.000-ton block of aluminum at room temperature (22.0°C) is struck by lightning. The lightning transfers 8.000 × 106 kJ of energy to the block. How hot does the block get? [1 ton = 2000 pounds, 1 pound = 453.6 g]
Which one of the following expresses the measured value 1230.0 m with the correct number of significant figures and appropriate Greek prefix?(a) 1.23 km (b) 1.230 cm(c) 1.2300 km (d) 1.2300 mm(e) 12.3 km
Convert:(a) 7.98 × 1023 μL to liters(b) 3.00 × 10–3 mg to grams(c) 4.21 × 108 mL to gallons [1 m3 = 264 gallons]
A metal sphere has a radius r of 4.00 cm. What is the volume V of this sphere in cubic centimeters? The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = (4/3)π r3, where π = 3.14159.
What is the density, in g/cm3, of the sphere in Problem 2.131 if its mass is 2.5 kg?Data from Problem 2.131A metal sphere has a radius r of 4.00 cm. What is the volume V of this sphere in cubic centimeters? The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = (4/3)π r3, where π = 3.14159.
Which one of the following expresses the measured value 0.000 003 L with the correct number of significant figures?(a) 3 mL (b) 3 μL(c) 3.00 × 10–6 L (d) 3.00 × 10–3 mL
The SI unit of speed is meters per second. In the United States, speed is often expressed in miles per hour. If a car is traveling 60.0 miles/h, what is its speed in meters per second? [1 mile = 1.61 km]
In the United States, car fuel efficiency is expressed in miles per gallon of gasoline. However, fuel efficiency can also be expressed in kilometers per liter of gasoline. If the fuel efficiency of a car is 11.0 km/L, what is its fuel efficiency in miles per gallon? [1 mile = 1.61 km, 1 gallon =
Convert:(a) 72°F to °C and K(b) –12 °C to °F and K(c) 178 K to °F and °C
Use Greek prefixes to express the relationship between the calorie and the Calorie.
Solve each equation for the underlined quantity: (a) °F (b) PV = nRT (c) E = hc/A 9/5 °C + 32
When a 16.74-g rubber stopper is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 25.46 mL of water, the water level rises to 37.42 mL. What is the density of the stopper in grams per milliliter?
Convert:(a) 2.37 × 102 L to milliliter(b) 800 kg to grams(c) 0.592 mm to meters(d) 8.31 g to kilograms(e) 9.62 × 10–6 L to microliters(f) 8000 m to kilometers(g) 19.3 mg to grams(h) 0.00345 mL to liters
For solids, the amount of material per unit volume is often expressed in grams per milliliter, whereas for gases the amount of material per unit volume is usually expressed in grams per liter. If the amount of matter in air is 1.34 g/L, what is this value in:(a) g/mL (b) kg/L (c) kg/mL?
The specific heat of methane gas is 2.20 J/g · °C. If the temperature of a sample of methane gas rises by 15 °C when 8.8 kJ of heat energy is added to the sample, what is the mass of the sample?
Explain how determining the number of significant figures allowed in an answer when measured values are multiplied or divided is different from determining the number of significant figures allowed in an answer when measured values are added or subtracted.
Convert:(a) 23.0°C to K (b) 98.6°F to °C(c) 296 K to °F (d) 32°F to K(e) 523 K to °C (f) 38°C to °F
A student takes three measurements of the mass of an object. If the actual mass is 8.54 g, indicate whether each set of measurements is precise but not accurate, accurate but not precise, both accurate and precise, or neither accurate nor precise:(a) 6.38 g, 9.23 g, 4.36 g (b) 8.53 g, 8.59 g, 8.55
A slice of bread is burned in a calorimeter containing 1.000 kg of water. The water temperature rises from 25.0°C to 33.0°C. What is the calorie content of the bread? What is the Calorie content?
A block of metal measuring 3.0 cm × 4.0 cm × 5.0 cm has a mass of 470.0g. What is the density of the metal in grams per cubic centimeter?
A student measures the mass of an object three times and reports the numeric average of her measurements. If her three measurements are 212 g, 260 g, and 233 g and the actual mass is 235 g, which of the following statements is true:(a) The student is accurate but not precise.(b) The student is
The density of an irregularly shaped object is determined by immersing the object in water. If the mass of the object is 8.34 g and the water level rises from 25.00 mL to 28.10 mL, what is the density of the object in grams per milliliter?
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