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introductory chemistry atoms first

Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemistry Atoms First

Give three examples of a homogeneous mixture of two liquids.
Give an example of a homogeneous mixture of a gas in a liquid.
Brass is an example of a homogeneous mixture that involves two materials that are solids at room temperature, copper and zinc. How would you go about making such a mixture?
Give an example of a gas dissolved in another gas. Is this mixture homogeneous?
When dry ice (solid carbon dioxide, CO2) goes directly from the solid state to the gas state, the process is called __________.
When nitrogen dioxide gas is cooled, it changes from brown to colorless. Is this more likely a chemical change or a physical change?
The explosion of a stick of dynamite is most likely a __________ change.
Mixtures can always be separated by physical means. Describe how you would separate the components in a mixture of sand and iron filings.
Mixtures can always be separated by physical means. Describe how you would separate the components in a mixture of table salt and sand.
Can you think of a physical means of separating hydrogen from oxygen in a sample of pure water, H2O?
Which one of the following is an elemental substance: table salt, NaCl; vinegar, a solution of C2H4O2 in water; table sugar, C12H22O11; liquid nitrogen, N2?
All the metals in the first column of the periodic table react with water because they all have a single electron in their outermost occupied electron shell. This statement is an example of a
In the chemical reaction for the “burning” of sugar, C6H12O6 + 6O2 S6 CO2 + 6 H2O, which substances are the reactants and which are the products? Does this equation represent a chemical change or
Which one of the following is a homogeneous mixture: milk shake, 14-karat gold (made by melting gold and other metals together), fog, blood?
Which one of the following is a heterogeneous mixture: fog, gasoline, aluminum–magnesium alloy (made by melting these metals together), mixture of N2(g) and Ar(g)?
True or false? The melting point and freezing point of water are the same temperature at normal atmospheric pressure.
Which one of the following is a homogeneous mixture: orange juice with pulp, wood, fog, bronze (made by melting copper and tin together)?
True or false? A theory is an attempt to explain why a law is true.
Which one of the following is a compound: ozone, 18-karat gold (made by melting gold and other metals together), NaCl, liquid nitrogen, iced tea?
Consider the following two pieces of metal. Both consist of gold atoms (filled spheres) and silver atoms (open spheres). Which would be considered heterogeneous? Explain why. (a) (b)
Beaker (a) contains the pure compound called hydrogen peroxide (formula H2O2). Beaker (b) contains the pure compound called water (H2O). Both compounds are made to undergo a change.Which compound is
What must Albert do to turn his “Intense Facial Watching Hypothesis” into a theory?”
Which is larger, a degree Celsius or a degree Fahrenheit, and by roughly how much is it larger? Justify your answer.
Based on your answer to Problem 1.99, which would be more noticeable to you, a 10°C or a 10°F increase in temperature?Data from Problem 99Which is larger, a degree Celsius or a degree Fahrenheit,
The “splitting” of liquid water (H2O) into oxygen gas (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) is often proposed as a source of hydrogen for fuel. Since the state of matter is changing from liquid to gas, is
The freezing point of nitrogen is –210.0 °C. The boiling point of nitrogen is –195.8 °C. What is nitrogen's state of matter at -170°C?
Below are listed many different properties of octane (formula C8H18), one of the components of gasoline. Group these properties into chemical and physical, and justify each choice.(a) Octane is a
Which of the following statements is true regarding science and technology?(a) They are completely unrelated.(b) Technology precedes science.(c) Science precedes technology.(d) Science is the
Examination of “homogenized” milk under a microscope reveals suspended globules of fat. Is milk a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous mixture? Explain.
Think of some common everyday observations for which you could propose a law. Write down the law and the observations that support it. Next, postulate a theory or model that explains why the law
Matter can exist as which of the following?(a) As a homogeneous mixture of substances.(b) As a pure substance.(c) As a heterogeneous mixture of substances.(d) As all of the above.
Fog is a suspension of tiny droplets of water in air. Is fog a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous mixture? Explain.
To be a compound, a substance must (a) Be made from more than one type of element.(b) Not be a mixture.(c) Be homogeneous.(d) Be all of the above.
Which of the following are compounds?(a) Iron oxide (Fe2O3)(b) Ozone (O3)(c) Iron (Fe)(d) Carbon monoxide (CO)(e) Propane (C3H8)
An elemental substance(a) Can also be a compound.(b) Can never be a compound.(c) Cannot participate in a chemical reaction.(d) Cannot change state since it is a pure element.
Which of the following are compounds?(a) Sulfur (S8)(b) Mixture of iron powder and aluminum powder(c) Mixture of O2 gas and N2 gas(d) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)(e) Ammonia (NH3)
When a pure substance melts, it(a) Undergoes a chemical change.(b) Changes state.(c) Changes from a liquid to a solid.(d) Sublimes.
True or false? A compound is a pure substance, but a pure substance need not be a compound. Give examples to prove your answer.
The melting point and the freezing point of a pure substance are (a) Unrelated.(b) Identical.(c) For the same change of state.(d) Chemical properties of the substance.
Ice cubes slowly vanishing while stored in a freezer is an example of(a) Vaporization(b) Condensation(c) Melting(d) Sublimation
A chemical property of hydrogen is that it (a) Is a gas at room temperature.(b) Is odorless.(c) Combines with chlorine to make the compound hydrogen chloride (HCl).(d) Combines with air to give a
In a chemical reaction(a) A physical change takes place.(b) Products are converted into reactants.(c) One or more substances are converted into different substances.(d) Elemental substances change
Molten iron cooling to solid iron is an example of(a) Sublimation(b) Condensation(c) Freezing(d) Melting
A law is explained by(a) Experimental data.(b) Bias.(c) A theory.(d) An experiment.
True or false? After being heated to above its boiling point, ethanol is no longer ethanol but something else. Explain.
The difference between a hypothesis and a theory is that(a) A hypothesis is a guess, whereas a theory is fact.(b) A theory is an untested hypothesis.(c) A theory is a well-tested hypothesis.(d) A
You are presented with a block made of some pure metal and told the metal is gold, but you have your doubts. Using a thermometer, how can you determine whether the metal is gold?
Which of the following represent a chemical transformation? (a) 4 P(s) + 5O₂(g) → 2 P₂O5(s) (b) H₂O(g) → H₂O(1) (c) 30₂ 203
Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced in a chemical reaction when methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) are combined and heated. Which are the reactants, and which are the products?
What, if anything, is wrong with the following chemical reaction?(a) It is not a chemical reaction. It is only a physical transformation.(b) The products include elements that are not in the
What is the relationship between a theory and a law?
What is the relationship between a law and experimental data?
What is good evidence that a theory is correct?
The United States started to undergo electrification in the late 1800s, with the first example of widespread electric lighting at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair by Nikola Tesla. In 1831, Michael
Define chemistry.
Give an example (not from this book) of a piece of scientific information and cite both a positive and a negative result of its technological application.
In the United States, most basic chemical research (science) is funded by the government, but most of the money spent on applying scientific knowledge (technology) comes from industry. Why do you
Suppose study of the human brain (science) leads to the development of a device (technology) that allows a user to both download information from another person’s brain (“mind-reading”) and
When is a mixture not a solution?
Is it possible to have a mixture of compounds? If yes, give an example.
How does a solution differ from a heterogeneous mixture?
Flour is mixed with powdered sugar, and then the combination is ground to a fine dust. Is the resulting product a solution or a heterogeneous mixture? Explain.
Brass is an alloy (a solid solution) of copper, Cu, and zinc, Zn. Given this fact, answer the following:(a) Copper powder and zinc powder are ground together. Is the resulting product a solution or a
The air you breathe is properly called a solution. Explain why.
What is an element? How many elements are known today?
If H is the symbol for the element hydrogen and O is the symbol for the element oxygen, why is the symbol for sodium Na rather than S, and the symbol for iron Fe rather than I?
What is the smallest possible piece of an element called?
What are the symbols for the elements sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese?
Give the element name that goes with each symbol: Ti, Zn, Sn, He, Xe, Li.
Give the element name that goes with each symbol: U, Pu, Cs, Ba, F, Si.
Sulfur is known in many forms, including yellow sulfur (formula S8) and orange-red sulfur (formula S6). Heating either of these forms to very high temperatures can yield S2. Also known is a substance
What does its chemical formula tell you about a pure substance?
Compounds have properties that are different from those of their constituent elements. Discuss a real example to support this statement.
Which of the following are elemental substances and which are compounds: F2, BrCl3, P4, C2H2, HCl, Ar, Al2O3, Al?

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