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statistics
elementary statistics in social research

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics In Social Research

You work for a consumer watchdog publication and are testing the advertising claims of a flash drive. The manufacturer claims that the life spans of the flash drives are normally distributed, with a
You are performing a study about monthly per capita cocoa consumption in a city. A previous study found monthly per capita cocoa consumption to be normally distributed, with a mean of 21 grams and a
The test scores for the girls who received their Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) are normally distributed. In a recent year, the mean test score for the girls was 66.25 and the standard
The test scores for the boys who received their Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) are normally distributed. In a recent year, the mean test score for the boys was 63.75 and the standard
P(z < 2.32)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(z < –0.26)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(z > 3.285)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(z > –2.55)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(–1.35 z < 0)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(0 < z < 2.315)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(-2.46 < z < 3.1)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(–0.18 < z < 2.46)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(z < -3.1 or z > 3.1)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
P(z < –2.46 or z > 2.46)Find the indicated probability using the standard normal distribution. If convenient, use technology to find the probability.
A national study found that college students with jobs worked an average of 22 hours per week. The standard deviation is 9 hours. A college student with a job is selected at random. Find the
A survey indicates that for each trip to a supermarket, a shopper spends an average of 43 minutes with a standard deviation of 12 minutes in the store. The lengths of time spent in the store are
Triglycerides are a type of fat in the bloodstream. The mean triglyceride level for U.S. adults (ages 20 and older) is 97 milligrams per deciliter. Assume the triglyceride levels of U.S. adults who
P(x < 180)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
P(x < 160)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
P(x > 185)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
P(x > 170)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
P(170 < x < 195)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
P(155 < x < 172)The random variable x is normally distributed with mean μ = 174 and standard deviation σ = 20.Find the indicated probability.
In a survey of South African CEOs, the annual incomes were normally distributed, with a mean of \($7.14\) million and a standard deviation of \($0.5\) million. Find the probability that a randomly
The ages of prime ministers of Sri Lanka, when they were first sworn to office, are normally distributed with a mean of 58.21 years and a standard deviation of 11.56 years. Find the probability that
The monthly maintenance charges of an organization are normally distributed, with a mean of \($500\) and a standard deviation of\($150.\) Find the probability that a randomly selected utility bill
The amounts of time per workout a person uses an elliptical cross trainer are normally distributed, with a mean of 10 minutes and a standard deviation of 2 minutes. Find the probability that a
Use the normal distribution in Exercise 13.(a) What percent of the SAT total scores are less than 1200?(b) Out of 500 randomly selected SAT total scores, about how many would you expect to be greater
ACT Composite Scores Use the normal distribution in Exercise 14.(a) What percent of the ACT composite scores are less than 16?(b) Out of 1000 randomly selected ACT composite scores, about how many
Pregnancy Length Use the normal distribution in Exercise 15.(a) What percent of the new mothers had a pregnancy length of less than 280 days?(b) What percent of the new mothers had a pregnancy length
Red Blood Cell Count Use the normal distribution in Exercise 16.(a) What percent of the adult males have a red blood cell count less than 5.75 million cells per microliter?(b) What percent of the
The probability that you will clear an entrance exam in any attempt is 0.26. Find the probability that you(a) clear the exam on the fourth attempt,(b) clear the exam on the first, second or third
A spare parts seller finds that 3 in every 100 parts sold is defective. Find the probability that(a) the first defective part is the eighth part sold,(b) the first defective part is the first, second
A publisher finds that the mean number of grammatical errors per page of a book is six. Find the probability that the number of grammatical errors found on any given page is(a) exactly four,(b) at
A cloth manufacturer finds that 1 in every 400 shirts produced is faded. Find the probability that(a) the first faded shirt is the eighth item produced,(b) the first faded shirt is the first, second,
A cereal maker places a toy in each of its cereal boxes. The probability of winning this toy is 1 in 5. Find the probability that you(a) win your first toy with your fifth purchase,(b) win your first
The mean number of droughts in Asia per year from 1980 through 2008 was about 3.24. Find the probability that the number of droughts in Asia in any given year from 1980 through 2008 are(a) exactly
Fifty-two percent of adults in Delhi are unaware about the reservation system in India. You randomly select six adults in Delhi. Find the probability that the number of adults in Delhi who are
Let x represent the number of registers in use at a departmental store.Determine whether the random variable x is discrete or continuous. Explain.
The random variable x represents the number of misprints in a page of a book.Determine whether the distribution is a probability distribution. If it is not a probability distribution, explain why. x
The number of road accidents on a weekday at a busy crossing(a) find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability distribution, and(b) interpret the results. Number of accidents
A shopkeeper sells mangoes in packets of 5-, 10-, 20-, 25-, and 40-lbs. The distribution of sales for one year is given.(a) find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
It costs \($12\) to bet on a horse race. The horse has a 16 chance of winning and a 1/3 chance of placing 2nd or 3rd. You win \($42\) if the horse wins and receive your money back if the horse places
Playing a gambling game costs $10. The table shows the probability of winning various prizes on the game.Find the expected net gain to the player for one play of the game. Prize Probability 1 $200
In a recent season, hockey player Evgeni Malkin scored 27 goals in 57 games he played. Assume that his goal production stayed at that level for the next season. Find the probability that he would get
A study found that the smartphones made by a certain manufacturer had a failure rate of 43%. Four smartphones made by this manufacturer are selected at random. Find the probability that the fourth
The mean number of accidents per month at a certain intersection is three.What is the probability that in any given month four accidents will occur at this intersection?
A population count shows that the average number of rabbits per acre living in a field is 3.6. Use a table to find the probability that seven rabbits are found on any given acre of the field.
Determine whether each experiment is a binomial experiment. If it is, specify the values of n, p, and q, and list the possible values of the random variable x.If it is not, explain why.1. A certain
Rotator cuff surgery has a 90% chance of success. The surgery is performed on three patients. Find the probability of the surgery being successful on exactly two patients.
In a survey, U.S. adults were asked to identify which social media platforms they use. The results are shown in the figure. Six adults who participated in the survey are randomly selected and asked
A survey found that 26% of U.S. adults believe there is no difference between secured and unsecured wireless networks. (A secured network uses barriers, such as firewalls and passwords, to protect
A survey found that 17% of U.S. adults say that Google News is a major source of news for them. You randomly select four adults and ask them whether Google News is a major source of news for them.
About 10% of workers (ages 16 years and older) in the United States commute to their jobs by carpooling. You randomly select eight workers. What is the probability that exactly four of them carpool
Sixty-two percent of cancer survivors are ages 65 years or older. You randomly select six cancer survivors and ask them whether they are 65 years of age or older. Construct a probability distribution
In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, about 56% of the days in a year are cloudy. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for the number of cloudy days during the month of June. Interpret the results
A person is required to toss 8 unbiased coins and note down the outcome of each. The random variable represents the number of heads.Determine whether the experiment is a binomial experiment. If it
You draw four cards, one at a time, from a standard deck. You note the suit and replace the card in the deck. The random variable represents the number of cards that are diamonds.Determine whether
Fifty-two percent of the women in the UK play video games regularly. You randomly select seven women in the UK. Find the probability that the number of women in the UK who are gamers is(a) exactly
Thirty-three percent of online consumers in Russia prefer to shop online using smartphones. You randomly select 12 consumers.Find the probability that the number of online consumers who purchase
The official website of Major League Baseball, MLB.com, records detailed statistics about players and games. During the 2016 regular season, Dustin Pedroia of the Boston Red Sox had a batting average
A survey consists of asking people for their blood types (O, A, B, and AB), including whether they are Rh-positive or Rh-negative. Determine the number of outcomes and identify the sample space.
Determine the number of outcomes in each event. Then decide whether each event is simple or not. Explain your reasoning.1. For quality control, you randomly select a machine part from a batch that
You are purchasing a new car. The possible manufacturers, car sizes, and colors are listed in the table.How many different ways can you select one manufacturer, one car size, and one color? Use a
The access code for a car’s security system consists of four digits. Each digit can be any number from 0 through 9.How many access codes are possible when 1. each digit can be used only once and
You roll a six-sided die. Find the probability of each event.1. Event A: rolling a 3 2. Event B: rolling a 7 3. Event C: rolling a number less than 5
A company is conducting an online survey of randomly selected U.S. adults to determine how they read books during the past year, if at all. So far, 1490 adults have been surveyed. The pie chart shows
A company is conducting a phone survey of randomly selected individuals to determine the ages of social networking site users. So far, 975 social networking site users have been surveyed. The
Classify each statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. Explain your reasoning.1. The probability that you will get an A on your next test is
The frequency distribution from Example 7 is shown below. Find the probability of randomly selecting a social networking site user who is not 23 to 35 years old.Data from Example 7A company is
A probability experiment consists of tossing a coin and spinning the spinner shown at the left. The spinner is equally likely to land on each number. Use a tree diagram to find the probability of
Your college identification number consists of eight digits. Each digit can be 0 through 9 and each digit can be repeated. What is the probability of getting your college identification number when
A restaurant offers a $20 dinner special that lets you choose from 8 appetizers, 11 entrées, and 7 desserts. How many different meals are available when you select an appetizer, an entrée, and a
A realtor uses a lock box to store the keys to a house that is for sale. The access code for the lock box consists of five digits. The first digit cannot be zero or nine and the last digit must be a
Assuming that no questions are left unanswered, in how many ways can a ten-question yes or no quiz be answered?
Event C: rolling a number less than 3A probability experiment consists of rolling a 12-sided die, numbered 1 to 12. Find the probability of the event.
Event D: rolling a number more than 11 A probability experiment consists of rolling a 12-sided die, numbered 1 to 12. Find the probability of the event.
Event E: rolling a number divisible by 4 A probability experiment consists of rolling a 12-sided die, numbered 1 to 12. Find the probability of the event.
What is the probability that the next household asked does not have a car?A polling organization is asking a sample of U.K. households how many cars they have. The frequency distribution at the left
What is the probability that the next household asked has one car?A polling organization is asking a sample of U.K. households how many cars they have. The frequency distribution at the left shows
The probability that a randomly selected number from 1 to 50 is divisible by 4 is 0.24.Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability.
You think that a candidate’s probability of winning the next election is about 0.65.Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability.
According to a survey, the probability that an adult chosen at random watches a movie every day is about 0.60.Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or
An access code consists of three digits. Each digit can be any number from 0 through 9, and each digit can be repeated.(a) What is the probability of randomly selecting the correct access code on the
An access code consists of two characters. Each character can be any alphabet from A through Z, and each alphabet can be repeated.(a) What is the probability of randomly selecting the correct access
The probability of randomly choosing a cricket player who also played for his school team. (Assume that you are choosing from the population of all cricket players.)Write a statement that represents
1. Two cards are selected in sequence from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the second card is a queen, given that the first card is a king. (Assume that the king is not
Determine whether the events are independent or dependent.1. Selecting a king (A) from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, not replacing it, and then selecting a queen (B) from the deck 2. Tossing
1. Two cards are selected, without replacing the first card, from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of selecting a king and then selecting a queen.2. A coin is tossed and a
For anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery, the probability that the surgery is successful is 0.95.1. Find the probability that three ACL surgeries are successful.2. Find the
In a recent year, there were 18,187 U.S. allopathic medical school seniors who applied to residency programs and submitted their residency program choices. Of these seniors, 17,057 were matched with
The table shows the results of a survey in which 300 managers and 300 executives aged 25 to 50 were asked if they go for annual leisure trips.(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected
Returning a library book before the due date and getting a new book issued.Determine whether the events are independent or dependent. Explain your reasoning.
A study found that women have more cone cells, but they do not perceive color differently from men.Identify the two events described in the study. Do the results indicate that the events are
A study found that eating a few pieces of chocolate each week can improve your cardiovascular health.Identify the two events described in the study. Do the results indicate that the events are
Two cards are selected from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. The first card is not replaced before the second card is selected. Find the probability of selecting a king and then selecting a
A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. Find the probability of tossing a head and then rolling a number lesser than 3.Use the Multiplication Rule.
An HR consultant gives an applicant a 75% chance of getting a job after registering with his agency. If the applicant gets a job, then there is a 60% possibility that he would be satisfied and would
\(P(A)=73 \%, P\left(A^{\prime}\right)=27 \%, P(B \mid A)=46 \%\), and \(P\left(B \mid A^{\prime}\right)=52 \%\)According to Bayes' Theorem, the probability of event A, given that event B has
\(P(A)=12 \%, P\left(A^{\prime}\right)=88 \%, P(B \mid A)=66 \%\), and \(P\left(B \mid A^{\prime}\right)=19 \%\)According to Bayes' Theorem, the probability of event A, given that event B has

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