Consider a system consisting of 1.5 mol CO2 (g), initially at 15C and 9.0 atm and confined to a cylinder of cross-section 100.0 cm2, The sample is allowed to expand adiabatically against an external...
The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant-pressure process was found to fit the expression G/T =-73.1 + 42.8(T/K). Calculate the value of S for the process.
State and justify the thermodynamic criterion for solution-vapour equilibrium.
At 100C and 1.60 kPa, the mass density of phosphorus vapour is 0.6388 kg m-3. What is the molecular formula of phosphorus under these conditions?
The second virial coefficient B' can be obtained from measurements of the density p of a gas at a series of pressures. Show that the graph of p/ p against p should be a straight line with slope...
Show that if B (T) is the second virial coefficient of a gas, and B = B (T") B (T), /)'T= T' - T, and T is the mean of T' and T, then T= RT2t BIV~,/)'T. Estimate IT]' for argon given that B(250 K) =...
Find an expression for the fugacity coefficient of a gas that obeys the equation of state pVm = RT(1 +B/Vm + C/V-1). Use the resulting expression to estimate the fugacity of argon at 1.00 am3 and 100...
The compound p-azoxyanisole forms a liquid crystal. 5.0 g of the solid was placed in a tube, which was then evacuated and sealed. Use the phase rule to prove that the solid will melt at a definite...
Which of the vibrations of an AB3 molecule are infrared or Raman active when it is (a) Trigonal planar, (b) Trigonal pyramidal?
Aromatic hydrocarbons and 12 form complexes from which charge transfer electronic transitions are observed the hydrocarbon acts as an electron donor and 12 as an electron acceptor the energies hvmax...
The No molecule has a doubly degenerate excited electronic level 121.1 cm-1 above the doubly degenerate electronic ground term. Calculate and plot the electronic partition function of NO from T= 0 to...
Use the equipartition theorem to estimate the constant-volume molar heat capacity of (a) 03 (b) C2H6, (c) CO2 in the gas phase at 25e.
The dipole moment of bromobenzene is 5. 17 X 10-30 C m and its polarizability volume is approximately 1.5 x 10-29 m3. Estimate its relative permittivity at 25C, when its density is 1491 kg m-3.
A container of internal volume 22.0 m3 was punctured, and a hole of radius 0.050 mm was formed. If the nitrogen pressure within the vehicle is initially 122 kPa and its temperature 293 K, how long...
The exchange current density for a PtIFe3+,Fel+ electrode is 2.5 mA cm-I. The standard potential of the electrode is +0.77 V. Calculate the current flowing through an electrode of surface area 1.0...
The pKa of the carboxylic acid group of acetic acid is 4.7. The pKa of the carboxylic acid group of the conjugate acid of the amino acid alanine is 2.3. Explain the difference in these pKa values....
Give the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements: (a) Potassium (b) Arsenic (c) Aluminum (d) Germanium
Use the electro negatively table (Figure) to predict which bond in each of the following sets is more polar, and indicate the direction of bond polarity for each compound. (a) H3C ? C1 OR C1 ? C1 (b)...
Styrene, the simplest alkenylbenzene, is prepared commercially for use in plastics manufacture by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. How might you prepare styrene from benzene using reactions...
The following compound can?t be synthesized using the methods discussed in this chapter. Why not?
Identify each of the following groups as an activator or deactivator and as and o,p-director orm-director. (e) OCH2CH3 (a) N(CH3)2 (b) (d)
Predict the major product(s) of nitration of the following substances. Which react faster than benzene and which slower? (a) Bromobenzene (b) Benzonitrile (c) Benzoic acid (d) Nitrobenzene (e)...
Predict the major product(s) of the followingreactions: (b) (a) CH3CH2COCI AICI3 CH3CH2CI AICI3 (c) (d) N(CH2CH3}2 CO2H HNO3 so3 H2SO4 H2SO,
At what position and on what ring do you expect nitration of 4-bromo- biphenyl to occur? Explain, using resonance structures of the potentialintermediates. 4-Bromobiphenyl Br
Starting with benzene as your only source of aromatic compounds, how would you synthesize the following substances? Assume that you can separate ortho and Para isomers if necessary. (a) p-Chloro...
Hexachlorophene, a substance used in the manufacture of germicidal soaps, is prepared by reaction of 2, 4, 5-trichiorophenol with formaldehyde in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Propose a...
Benzenediazonium carboxylate decomposes when heated to yield N2, C02, and a reactive substance that can't be isolated. When Benzenediazonium carboxylate is heated in the presence of furan, the...
Phenylboronic acid, C6H5B (OH)2, is nitrated to give 15% ortho-substitution product and 85% meta. Explain the meta-directing effect of the B (OH)2 group.
Propose a mechanism to account for the following reaction: C CH2CI AICI3
Benzene and alkyl-substituted benzenes can be hydroxylated by reaction with H2O2 in the presence of an acidic catalyst. What is the structure of the reactive electrophile? Propose a mechanism for...
How could you prepare benzyl phenyl ether from benzene and phenol? More than one step is required.
Identify the reagents a?c in the following scheme: CH C -CH CH H -CH H.
Fluoxetine, a heavily prescribed antidepressant marketed under the name Prozac, can be prepared by a route that begins with reaction between a phenol and an alkyl chloride. (a) The rate of the...
What product(s) would you expect from dehydration of the following alcohols with POCl3 in pyridine? Indicate the major product in eachcase? (a) (b) (c) CH3CH2CHCHCH3 CH CH3 H (d) (e) CCCH2CH...
Propose structures for alcohols that have the following 1H NMR spectra: (a) C9H12O (b)C8H10O2 Part (a) TMS 10 O ppm Chemical shift (8) Part (b) TMS O ppm 10 8. Chemical shift (8) Intensity Intensity...
Propose a structure for a compound C15H24O that has the following 1H NMR spectrum. The peak marked by an asterisk disappears when D2O is added to thesample. TMS 10 8. 0 ppm Chemical shift (8)...
Give IUPAC names for the following cycloalkanes: (c) CH2CH2CH3 (b) CH (a) CH CH3 (f) Br (e) C CH-CH (d) CHICH3)2 "CH C(CH3)3 Br
Which reaction is likely to be more exergonic, one with Keq = 1000 or one with Keq = 0.001?
Draw structures corresponding to the following names: (a) Bromoacetone (b) (S)-2-Hydroxypropanal (c) 2-Methyl-3-hcptanone (d) (2S, 3R)-2, 3, 4-Trihydroxybut anal (e) 2, 2, 4,...
How would you prepare the following substances from 2-cyclohexcnone? More than one step may be required. .CH (a) (b) (d) (c) CSH5 (Two ways)
Compound B is isomeric with A (Problem 19.63) and shows an IR peak at 1715 cm1. The 1H NMR spectrum of B has peaks at 2.4 (1 H, septet, J = 7 Hz), 2.1 (3 H, singlet), and 1.2 (6 H, doublet, J =...
Show the products you would obtain by reduction of the following esters withLiAlH4: (b) (a) CHH2CH2
How would you synthesize the following compounds from Cyclohexanone? More than one step may berequired. () CH2 CH2Br (a) (c) o CH2C6H5 CH2CH2CO2H (d) (e) (f) O
Identify the chirality centers in the following molecules. Build molecular models if you needhelp. (b) (c) CH30. CH2CH2CH3 C (a) - Coniine (poison hemlock) N-CH3 Menthol (flavoring agent)...
Give IUPAC names for the followingcompounds: (b) H;3CH-C%3CH:CH (a) CH CCH-C%3CCH CH CH (c) H H (d) CHH33H CH2C3CH CH (e) H%3D HH CH-CH (f) CHCH-H3CCH CHCH3 H
The following reaction involves a hydrolysis followed by an intra molecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. Write both steps, and show theirmechanisms. CH CH H30* CHCH CH2CO2H
The hormone cortisone contains C, H, and O, and shows a molecular ion at M+ = 360.1937 by high-resolution mass spectrometry. What is the molecular formula of cortisone? (The degree of unsaturation of...
Nitriles, RC N, undergo a hydrolysis reaction when heated with aqueous acid. What is the structure of the compound produced by hydrolysis of propane nitrile, CH3CH2C N, if it has IR absorptions at...
Calculate the energy range of electromagnetic radiation in the UV region of the spectrum from 200 to 400 nm. How does this value compare with the values calculated previously for JR and NMR...
Give IUPAC names for the followingcompounds: (b) HCHHCHCHCH3 (a) CCHH CH (e) CCHHH3 (d) CH2CH2CH3 CCH3CCH3C2
?-Ocimene is a pleasant-smelling hydrocarbon found in the leaves of certain herbs. It has the molecular formula C10H16 and a UV absorption maximum at 232 nm. On hydrogenation with a palladium...
The amino acid methionine is formed by a methylthio reaction of homo?cysteine with N-methyltetrahydrofolate. The stereochemistry of the reaction has been probed by carrying out the transformation...
Give IUPAC names for the followingcompounds: CH NH2 (a) Cl Br (b) (c) CH2CH2CHCH3 Br (f) CH (e) (d) CI. CH H CH-CH O2N" NO2 "C
A All-cis Cyclodecapentaene is a stable molecule that shows a single absorption in its 1H NMR spectrum at 5.67 ?. Tell whether it is aromatic, and explain its NMR spectrum.
How would you prepare the following compounds from benzene, using a diazonium replacement reaction in your scheme? (a) p-Bromobenzoic acid (b) m-Bromobenzoic acid (c) n-Bromo chloro benzene (d)...
Predict the stereochemistry of the following pericyclic reactions: (a) The thermal Cyclization of a conjugated tetraene (b) The photochemical Cyclization of a conjugated tetraene (c) A photochemical...
A steel cylinder contains 5.00 moles of graphite (pure carbon) and 5.00 moles of O 2 . The mixture is ignited and all the graphite reacts. Combustion produces a mixture of CO gas and CO 2 gas. After...
Order the following species with respect to the carbon oxygen bond length (longest to shortest): CO, CO2, CO32-, CH3OH What is the order from the weakest to the strongest carbonoxygen bond?
Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type (Ï or p; bonding or antibonding) that would be formed when the following atomic orbitals overlap. Explain your labels. a. b. d.
The reaction 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g) was studied at 210oC. The following results were obtained, where a. What is the rate law? b. What is the value of the rate constant? Rate dt Initial Rate NOb...
What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipoledipole forces? How do typical dipoledipole forces differ from hydrogen-bonding interactions? In what ways...
In the presence of light, chlorine can substitute for one (or more) of the hydrogens in an alkane. For the following reactions, draw the possible monochlorination products. hr 2,2-dimethylpropane Cl2...
The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction decreases from 8.84 to 3.25 10-2 when the temperature increases from 25oC to 75oC. Estimate the temperature where K = 1.00 for this reaction. Estimate...
Monochloroethane (C2H5Cl) can be produced by the direct reaction of ethane gas (C2H6) with chlorine gas or by the reaction of ethylene gas (C2H4) with hydrogen chloride gas. The second reaction gives...
Differentiate between the stated and effective rates of interest on a bond sold (a) At par (b) At a discount (c) At a premium.
Shuttle Company issued $ 1,000,000, three- year, 5 percent bonds on January 1, 2013. The bond interest is paid each December 31. The bond was sold to yield 4 percent. Required: 1. Complete a bond...
A. Deferred revenues customer deposits Eastern Brewing Company (EBC) distributes its products in an aluminum keg. Customers are charged a deposit of $ 25 per keg, and deposits received from customers...
On January 1, 2015, Wong Corporation signed a mortgage note for $ 5,000,000 at 8 percent for a term of five years. Mortgage payments are made semi- annually on June 30 and on December 31. Each...
Amster Corp. produces and sells a single product that requires considerable servicing and adjustment during the first two years after sale. The company offers a warranty for two years covering most...
Dumax Company completed the following transactions during 2015. The companys fiscal year ends on December 31, 2015. Jan. 2 Paid accrued interest in the amount of $ 52,000. Apr. 30 Borrowed $ 550,000...
A hollow, thin-shelled ball and a solid ball of equal mass are rolled up an inclined plane (without slipping) with both balls having the same initial velocity at the bottom of the plane. (a) Which...
An annual report for Air Canada contained the following information: The Corporation maintains several defined benefit and defined contribution plans providing pension, other post- retirement and...
Sears Canada Inc. offers Canadian consumers a diverse array of shopping options, with department and specialty stores, a comprehensive website, and a broad range of home- related services. At...
A uniform sphere of mass 2.50 kg and radius 15.0 cm is released from rest at the top of an incline that is 5.25 m long and makes an angle of with the horizontal. Assuming it rolls without slipping,...
Carnival Corporation is a global cruise company and one of the largest vacation companies in the world. The notes to its financial statements for 2009 include the following: CONVERTIBLE NOTES At...
Use your calculator to evaluate these expressions. Express the final answer in proper scientific notation. a. (9.09 108) ( [(6.33 109) (4.066 10-7)] =? b. 9,345 34.866 ( 0.00665 = ?
A sample of air has a volume of 1,015 mL. What is its mass?
Many retired people invest a significant portion of their money in bonds of corporations because of the relatively low level of risk. During the 1980s, significant inflation caused some interest...
Evaluate 333,999,500,000 ( 0.00000000003396 and express the answer in scientific notation. You may need to rewrite the original numbers in scientific notation first.
A small heavy object of mass m is attached to a thin string to make a simple pendulum whose length is L. When the object is pulled aside by a horizontal force F it is in static equilibrium and the...
A solid cylindrical 10-kg roll of roofing paper with a radius of 15 cm, starting from rest rolls down a roof with a incline (Fig. 8.55). (a) If the cylinder rolls 4.0 m without slipping, what is the...
Define atomic number. What is the atomic number for a boron atom?
Name the ions from Exercise 6. In E 6 a. S b. Na c. H
Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions. a. K+ and SO42 b. NH4+ and S2 c. NH4+ and PO43
Write and balance the chemical equation described by Exercise 4. In exercise 4, from the statement propane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, identify the reactants and the...
Identify the spectator ions in Exercises 11 and 12. In exercise 11, Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of KCl(aq) and NaC2H3O2(aq). You may have to consult the solubility rules. In...
Write the complete and net ionic equations for the neutralization reaction between HClO3(aq) and Zn(OH)2(s) using the hydronium ion in place of H+. Assume the salt is soluble. What difference does it...
Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in each substance. a. PF5 b. (NH4)2S c. Hg d. Li2O2 (lithium peroxide)
Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in each substance. a. CO b. CO2 c. NiCl2 d. NiCl3
Identify what is being oxidized and reduced in this redox equation by assigning oxidation numbers to the atoms. C7H16 + 11O2 ( 7CO2 + 8H2O
In the reaction 16Fe(s) + 3S8(s) ( 8Fe2S3(s) indicate what has lost electrons and what has gained electrons.
How many millimeters of mercury are in 0.334 atm?
How many millimeters of mercury are in 334 torr?
How many torr are in 0.777 mmHg?
How many atmospheres are in 223 torr?
A gas has an initial pressure of 1.445 atm and an initial volume of 1.009 L. What is its new pressure if volume is changed to 0.556 L? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial pressure of 633 torr and an initial volume of 87.3 mL. What is its new pressure if volume is changed to 45.0 mL? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A sample of gas doubles its pressure and doubles its absolute temperature. By what amount does the volume change?
Use Gay-Lussacs law to determine the final temperature of a gas whose initial pressure is 1.88 atm, initial temperature is 76.3 K, and final pressure is 6.29 atm. Assume volume and amount are held...
What is the density of SF6 at 335 K and 788 torr?