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exploring management
Exploring Management 7th Edition John R. Schermerhorn, Daniel G. Bachrach - Solutions
In the research on leader behaviors, which style of leadership describes the preferred “high-high” combination?(a) transformational(b) transactional(c) laissez-faire(d) democratic
Which leadership theorist argues that one’s leadership style is strongly anchored in personality and therefore very difficult to change?(a) Daniel Goleman(b) Peter Drucker(c) Fred Fiedler(d) Robert House
In terms of leadership behaviors, someone who focuses on doing a very good job of planning work tasks, setting performance standards, and monitoring results would be described as _________.(a) task oriented(b) servant oriented(c) achievement oriented(d) transformational
In the discussion of gender and leadership, it was pointed out that some perceive women as having tendencies toward, ________ a style that seems a good fit with developments in the new workplace.(a) interactive leadership(b) use of position power(c) command-and-control(d) transactional
In House’s path-goal theory, a leader who sets challenging goals for others would be described as using the _______ leadership style.(a) autocratic(b) achievement-oriented(c) transformational(d) directive
How is a person with an authoritarian personality expected to act?(a) Strong tendency to obey orders.(b) Challenges the authority of others.(c) Tries to play down status differences.(d) Always flexible in personal behavior.
_________ is a form of attribution error that involves blaming the environment for problems that we may have caused ourselves.(a) Self-serving bias(b) Fundamental attribution error(c) Projection(d) Self-monitoring
_________ is a form of attribution error that involves blaming others for problems that they may not have caused for themselves.(a) Self-serving bias(b) Fundamental attribution error(c) Projection(d) Self-monitoring
Maslow’s progression principle stops working at the level of _____________ needs.(a) growth (b) self-actualization(c) achievement (d) self-esteem
The purpose of negative reinforcement as an operant conditioning technique is to _____________.(a) punish bad behavior(b) discourage bad behavior(c) encourage desirable behavior(d) cancel the effects of shaping
The premise of reinforcement theory is that:(a) behavior is a function of environment(b) motivation comes from positive expectancy(c) higher-order needs stimulate hard work(d) rewards considered unfair are de-motivators
Both Barry and Marissa are highly motivated students. Knowing this, an instructor can expect them to be _____________ in the management course.(a) hard working (b) high performing(c) highly satisfied (d) highly dissatisfied
The best way to try to increase the cohesiveness of a team would be to __________.(a) start competition with other groups(b) add more members(c) reduce isolation from other groups(d) increase the diversity of members
Who is responsible for encoding a message in the communication process?(a) Sender(b) Receiver(c) Observer(d) Consultant
Issues of “respect” and “integrity” are associated with _____________ in communication.(a) noise(b) filtering(c) credibility(d) ethnocentrism
What happens when a communication is persuasive?(a) The receiver understands the message.(b) The sender feels good about the message.(c) The receiver acts as the sender intended.(d) The sender becomes a passive listener.
How can a manager build the credibility needed for persuasive communications?(a) Offer rewards for compliance with requests.(b) Clarify penalties for noncompliance with requests.(c) Remind everyone that she or he is the boss.(d) Work hard to establish good relationships with others.
One of the rules for giving constructive feedback is to make sure that it is always _____________.(a) general rather than specific(b) indirect rather than direct(c) given in small doses(d) delivered at a time convenient for the sender
When a worker receives an e-mail memo from the boss with information about changes to his job assignment and ends up confused because he doesn’t understand it, the boss has erred by making a bad choice of _____________ for communicating the message.(a) words(b) channels(c) nonverbals(d) filters
The safest conclusion about privacy in electronic communications is _____________.(a) it’s guaranteed by law(b) it’s not a problem(c) it really doesn’t exist(d) it can be password protected
A/An _____________ is higher in channel richness than a/an ____________.(a) memo; voice mail(b) letter; video conference(c) chat message; e-mail(d) voice mail; telephone conversation
The negative effects of status differences on communication between lower and higher levels in organizations show up in the form of _____________.(a) filtering(b) MBWA(c) ethnocentrism(d) passive listening
When a person’s words say one thing but his or her body language suggests something quite different, the person is sending _____________.(a) a mixed message(b) noise(c) social capital(d) destructive feedback
Which statement is most consistent with arguments that diversity is good for -organizations?(a) Having a diverse workforce guarantees success.(b) Diversity is easy to manage because it is already valued by all people.(c) Diverse workforces are good at dealing with diverse customers.(d) When
The beliefs that older workers are not creative and prefer routine, low-stress jobs are stereotypes that might create bad feelings among members of different ______________subcultures in organizations.(a) gender (b) generational(c) functional (d) ethnic
Among the three leadership approaches to diversity identified by Thomas, which one is primarily directed at making sure that minorities and women are hired by the organization?(a) equal employment opportunity(b) affirmative action(c) valuing diversity(d) managing diversity
The term ______________helps describe an organization that fully integrates members of minority cultures and majority cultures.(a) Equal employment opportunity(b) Affirmative action(c) Revolving door syndrome(d) Pluralism
When members of the marketing department stick close to one another, as well as share jokes and even a slang language, the likelihood is that a/an ______________subculture is forming.(a) occupational (b) generational(c) gender (d) ethnic
When someone experiences culture shock on a study abroad trip, the first stage is likely to be one of anxiety caused by confusion in the new cultural setting. What is the next stage in culture shock?(a) Experiencing a sense of confidence from small victories in dealing with differences.(b)
When dealing with proxemics as a silent language of culture, what is the issue of most concern?(a) How people use the spoken word to communicate.(b) How people use nonverbal to communicate.(c) How people use time to communicate.(d) How people use space to communicate.
When a foreign visitor to India attends a dinner and criticizes as “primitive” the local custom of eating with one’s fingers, he or she can be described as acting in a/an ______________way.(a) culturally intelligent (b) polychronic(c) monochronic (d) ethnocentric
In a high-context culture we would expect to find ______________.(a) low uncertainty avoidance(b) high power distance(c) use of monochronic time(d) emphasis on nonverbal and verbal -communication
On which dimension of national culture did the United States score highest and Japan score highest in Hofstede’s original survey research?(a) masculinity, femininity(b) long-term, short-term(c) individualism, masculinity(d) high uncertainty avoidance, collectivism
If someone commits what Hofstede calls the “ecological fallacy,” what are they likely to be doing?(a) Disregarding monochronic behavior.(b) Assuming all members of a culture fit the -popular stereotype.(c) Emphasizing proxemics over time orientation.(d) Forgetting that cultural
In addition to gaining new markets, businesses go international in the search for ____________.(A) Political risk(b) protectionism(c) lower labor costs(d) most favored nation status
When foreign investment creates new jobs that are filled by local domestic workers, some call the result ____________ as opposed to the more controversial notion of outsourcing.(a) globalization(b) insourcing(c) joint venturing(d) licensing
When a Hong Kong firm makes an agreement with the Walt Disney Company to use the Disney logo and legally make jewelry in the shape of Disney cartoon characters, Disney is engaging in a form of international business known as ____________.(a) exporting(b) licensing(c) joint
The athletic footwear maker New Balance discovered that exact copies of its running shoe designs were on sale in China under the name “New Barlun.” This is an example of a/an ____________ problem in international business.(a) most favored nation(b) global strategic alliance(c) joint
When the profits of large international businesses are disproportionately high relative to those of smaller firms and even the economies of some countries, this is called ____________.(a) return on risk for business investment(b) the globalization gap(c) protectionism(d) most favored nation
Who gains most when the dollar weakens versus a foreign currency such as the Brazilian real?(a) American consumers of Brazilian products.(b) Brazilian firms selling products in America.(c) American firms selling products in Brazil.(d) Brazilian consumers of European products.
Which of the following is identified by researchers as a universal inhibitor of leadership success across cultures?(a) Being positive.(b) Acting autocratic.(c) Being a good planner.(d) Acting trustworthy.
If an international business firm has separate vice presidents in charge of its Asian, African, and European divisions, it is most likely using a global ____________ structure.(a) product(b) functional(c) area(d) matrix
A business owner makes a decision to reduce a plant’s workforce by 10% in order to cut costs and be able to save jobs for the other 90% of employees. This decision could be justified as ethical using the _________ approach to moral
If a manager fails to enforce a late-to-work policy for all workers—that is, by allowing some favored employees to arrive late without penalties—this would be considered a violation of _________.(a) human rights (b) personal values(c) distributive justice (d) cultural relativism
According to research on ethics in the workplace, _________ is/are often a major and frequent source of pressures that create ethical dilemmas for people in their jobs.(a) declining morals in society(b) long work hours(c) low pay(d) requests or demands from bosses
Someone who exposes the ethical misdeeds of others in an organization is usually called a/an _________.(a) whistleblower (b) ethics advocate(c) ombudsman (d) stakeholder
Two employees are talking about ethics in their workplaces. Jay says that ethics training and codes of ethical conduct are worthless; Maura says they are the only ways to ensure ethical behavior by all employees. Who is right and why?(a) Jay—no one really cares about ethics at
Which ethical position has been criticized as a source of “ethical imperialism”?(a) individualism (b) absolutism(c) utilitarianism (d) relativism
If a manager takes a lot of time explaining to a subordinate why he did not get a promotion and sincerely listens to his concerns, this is an example of an attempt to act ethically according to _________ justice.(a) utilitarian (b) commutative(c) interactional (d) universal
At what Kohlberg calls the _________ level of moral development, an individual can be expected to act consistent with peers, meet obligations, and follow rules of social conduct.(a) postconventional (b) conventional(c) preconventional (d) nonconventional
In respect to the link between bad management and ethical behavior, research shows that _________.(a) managers who set unrealistic goals can cause unethical behavior(b) most whistleblowers just want more pay(c) only top managers really serve as ethics role models(d) a good code of ethics
A person’s desires for a comfortable life and family security represent _________ values, while his or her desires to be honest and hardworking represent _________ values.(a) terminal; instrumental(b) instrumental; terminal(c) universal; individual(d) individual; universal
The triple bottom line of organizational performance would include measures of financial, social, and _________ performance.(a) philanthropic (b) environmental(c) legal (d) economic
An amoral manager _________.(a) always acts in consideration of ethical issues(b) chooses to behave unethically(c) makes ethics a personal goal(d) acts unethically but does so unintentionally
In a social responsibility audit of a business firm, positive behaviors meeting which of the following criteria would measure the highest level of commitment to socially responsible practices?(a) legal—obeying the law(b) economic—earning a profit(c) discretionary—contributing to
What organizational stakeholder would get priority attention if a corporate board is having a serious discussion regarding how the firm could fulfill its obligations in respect to sustainable development?(a) owners or investors(b) customers(c) suppliers(d) future generations
A problem is a discrepancy between a/an _____________ situation and a desired situation.(a) unexpected(b) risk(c) actual(d) uncertain
If a manager approaches problems in a rational and analytical way, trying to solve them in step-by-step fashion. He or she is well described as a/an _____________.(a) systematic thinker(b) intuitive thinker(c) problem seeker(d) behavioral decision maker
When the members of a special task force are asked to develop a proposal for increasing the international sales of a new product, this problem most likely requires _____________ decisions.(a) routine (b) programmed(c) crisis (d) nonprogrammed
One of the reasons why certainty is the most favorable environment for problem solving is that it can be addressed through _____________ decisions.(a) satisficing(b) optimizing(c) programmed(d) intuitive
In which decision environment does a manager deal with probabilities regarding possible courses of ¬action and their consequences?(a) risk(b) certainty(c) uncertainty(d) optimal
You go to your boss and ask for a pay raise. She says: “Well, let’s take a look first at what you are making now.” The risk you face in this situation is that your boss’s decision will be biased because of ______________.(a) a framing error(b) escalating commitment(c) anchoring and
Which decision-making error is most associated with the old adage: “If you don’t succeed, try and try again”?(a) satisficing(b) escalating commitment(c) confirmation(d) too late to fail
The last step in the decision-making process is to _____________.(a) choose a preferred alternative(b) evaluate results(c) find and define the problem(d) generate alternatives
The first step in the planning process is to __________.(a) decide how to get where you want to go(b) define your objectives(c) identify possible future conditions or scenarios(d) act quickly to take advantage of opportunities
When a manager is asked to justify a new budget proposal on the basis of projected activities rather than as an incremental adjustment to the prior year’s budget, this is an example of __________.(a) zero-based budgeting(b) strategic planning(c) operational planning(d) contingency planning
In a hierarchy of objectives, plans at lower levels are supposed to act as _________ for accomplishing higher-level plans.(a) means(b) ends(c) scenarios(d) benchmarks
From a time management perspective, which manager is likely to be in best control of his or her time? One who ________.(a) tries to never say “no” to requests from others(b) works on the most important things first(c) immediately responds to instant messages(d) always has “an open
A marketing plan in a business firm would most likely deal with ________.(a) production methods and technologies(b) money and capital investments(c) facilities and workforce recruiting(d) sales and product distribution
The best goals or objectives for planning purposes would have which of the following characteristics?(a) Easy enough so that no one fails to reach them(b) Realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging(c) Open ended, with no clear end point identified(d) No set timetable or due
A total quality management program is most likely to be associated with ____________.(a) EOQ(b) continuous improvement(c) return on equity(d) breakeven analysis
When MBO is done right, who does the review of a team member’s performance accomplishments?(a) the team member(b) the team leader(c) both the team member and team leader(d) the team leader, the team member, and a lawyer
A team leader is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she ____________.(a) sets performance objectives for subordinates(b) stays in touch and tries to support subordinates in their work(c) jointly reviews performance results with subordinates(d) keeps a written record of
If an organization’s top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an ____________ standard for control purposes.(a) input(b) output(c) management by exception(d) concurrent
In CPM/PERT, “CPM” stands for ____________.(a) critical path method(b) control planning management(c) control plan map(d) current planning matrix
General Electric is a complex conglomerate that owns many firms operating in very different industries. The strategies pursued for each of these units within GE would best be called __________level strategies.(a) corporate(b) business(c) functional(d) transnational
An organization that is downsizing by cutting staff to reduce costs can be described as pursuing a _________strategy.(a) liquidation(b) divestiture(c) retrenchment(d) stability
When you buy music downloads online, the firm selling them to you is engaging in which type of e-business strategy?(a) B2C(b) B2B(c) infomediary(d) crowdsourcing
The alliances that link together firms in supply chain management relationships are examples of how businesses try to use ____________strategies.(a) B2C(b) growth(c) cooperation(d) concentration
Among the global strategies that international businesses might pursue, the _________strategy most directly tries to tailor products to fit local needs and cultures in different countries.(a) concentration(b) globalization(c) transnational(d) multidomestic
If Google’s top management were to announce that the firm was going to buy Federal Express, this would indicate a growth strategy of .____________(a) diversification(b) concentration(c) horizontal integration(d) vertical integration
___________are an organization’s special strengths that help it outperform competitors.(a) Core competencies(b) Strategies(c) Alliances(d) Operating objectives
In addition to focusing on strategy implementation and strategic control, the responsibility for strategic leadership of an organization involves success with _________________.(a)motivating a disposable workforce(b) the process of continuous change(c) Chapter 11 bankruptcy(d) growth by liquidation
An organization chart is most useful for ____________.(a) mapping informal structures(b) eliminating functional chimneys(c) showing designated supervisory relationships(d) describing the shadow organization
An organization using a ____________ structure should expect that more problems will be solved at lower levels and that top managers will have more time free to engage in strategic thinking.(a) virtual (b) matrix(c) functional (d) product
A “tall” organization will likely have ____________ spans of control than a “flat” organization with the same number of members.(a) wider (b) narrower(c) more ambiguous (d) less centralized
If a student in one of your course groups -volunteers to gather information for a case -analysis and the other members tell him to go ahead and choose the information sources he -believes are most important, the group is giving this student ____________ to fulfill the -agreed-upon
Which organization would likely be a good fit for a dynamic and changing external environment?(a) vertical (b) centralized(c) organic (d) mechanistic
Workers following a compressed workweek schedule most often work 40 hours in ____________ days.(a) 3 ½ (b) 4(c) 5 (d) a flexible schedule of
Which alternative work schedule is identified by Working Mother magazine as being used by all -companies on its list of “100 Best Employers for Working Moms”?(a) telecommuting (b) job sharing(c) flexible hours (d) part-time
Planned and spontaneous ceremonies and celebrations of work achievements illustrate how the use of __________ helps build strong corporate cultures.(a) rewards(b) structures(c) rites and rituals(d) core values
An organization with a strong culture is most likely to have __________.(a) a tight, bureaucratic structure(b) a loose, flexible design(c) a small staff size(d) clearly communicated mission
Product innovations create new goods or services for customers, while __________ innovations create new ways of doing things in the organization.(a) content(b) process(c) quality(d) task
The Kindle e-reader by Amazon and the iPad by Apple are examples of __________ innovations.(a) business model(b) social(c) product(d) process
Movie downloads by subscription (Netflix) and advertising revenues from Internet searches (Google) are examples of __________ innovations.(a) business model(b) social(c) product(d) process
Green innovation is most associated with the concept of __________.(a) observable culture(b) core culture(c) sustainability(d) skunkworks
The innovation process isn’t really successful in an organization until a new idea is __________.(a) tested as a prototype(b) proven to be financially feasible(c) put into practice(d) discovered or invented
The basic role of a skunkworks is to __________.(a) add more bureaucratic structure to the innovation process(b) provide special free space in which people work together to achieve innovation(c) make sure that any innovation occurs according to preset plans(d) give people free time in their
A manager using a force-coercion strategy is most likely relying on the power of __________ to bring about planned change.(a) expertise(b) reference(c) legitimacy(d) information
The responses most likely to be associated with use of a force-coercion change strategy are best described as __________.(a) internalized commitment(b) temporary compliance(c) passive cooptation(d) active resistance
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