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Information Technology Project Management 8th Edition Kathy Schwalbe - Solutions
Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management?a. developing the project business caseb. developing the project charterc. developing the project management pland. closing the project or phase
What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting IT projects?a. IT strategy planningb. business area analysisc. mind mappingd. resource allocation
Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects?a. aligning projects and resources with business strategyb. selecting projects that will take less than two years to provide paybackc. focusing on customer needs in identifying projectsd. assigning project
A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Which of the following categories would include a new information system project to provide this data?a. problemb. opportunityc. directived. regulation
A is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.a. project charterb. contractc. business cased. project management plan
Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter?a. the name of the project managerb. budget informationc. stakeholder signaturesd. a Gantt chart
______ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.a. Configuration managementb. Integrated change controlc. Integration managementd. A change control board
Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control?a. use good configuration managementb. minimize changec. establish a formal change control systemd. view project management as a process of constant communication and negotiation
What tool and technique is used for all processes of project integration management?a. project management softwareb. templatesc. expert judgmentd. all of the above
Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming?a. interviewsb. focus groupsc. surveysd. observation
A is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope.a. scope statementb. WBSc. WBS dictionaryd. work package
What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format?a. top-downb. bottom-upc. analogyd. mind mapping
Assume that you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3
Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on IT projects?a. Keep the scope realistic.b. Use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possible.c. Follow good project management processes.d. Don't involve too many users in scope management.
Scope _____ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.a. acceptanceb. validationc. completiond. close-out
Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input?a. Develop a good project selection process for IT projects.b. Have users on the project team.c. Co-locate users with developers.d. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis.
Project management software helps you develop a _______ which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs.a. project planb. schedulec. WBSd. deliverable
Review three different template files from Microsoft Project 2013, MindView, or any other project management software tool. What do you think about the WBSs? Write a short paper summarizing your analysis, and provide at least three suggestions for improving one of the WBSs.
Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule?a. planning schedule managementb. defining activitiesc. estimating activity resourcesd. activity sequencing
Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of ______.a. items in an activity listb. items on a Gantt chartc. milestone attributesd. activity attributes
As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this?a. technicalb. mandatoryc. discretionaryd. external
You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent?a. finish-to-startb. start-to-startc. finish-to-finishd. start-to-finish
Which of the following statements is false?a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.b. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.c. A three-point estimate includes an optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic
What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone?a. a black arrowb. a white arrowc. a black diamondd. a white diamond
What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information?a. a network diagramb. a Gantt chartc. a Tracking Gantt chartd. a milestone chart
______ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.a. PERTb. A Gantt chartc. Critical path methodd. Crashing
Which of the following statements is false?a. Growing grass was on the critical path for a large theme park project.b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be completed.c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines
_______ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.a. Parkinson's Lawb. Scrumc. Critical path analysisd. Critical chain scheduling
List some of the reports you can generate with Project 2013 to assist with project time management.
Create a scenario and schedule for a 6-month or 12-month project. Include the five process groups, but focus on key tasks for executing the project. For example, you could develop a schedule for starting a business, renovating a house, developing an app, or writing a book. Give only your scenario
Review two different articles about critical chain scheduling. Write a short paper describing how this technique can help improve project schedule management.
Accountants usually define _____ as a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective.a. moneyb. liabilityc. traded. cost
What is the main goal of project cost management?a. to complete a project for as little cost as possibleb. to complete a project within an approved budgetc. to provide truthful and accurate cost information on projectsd. to ensure that an organization's money is used wisely
Which of the following is not an output of the project cost management process called estimating costs, according to the PMBOK Guide?a. activity cost estimatesb. a cost baselinec. basis of estimatesd. project documents updates
_______ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable.a. Contingencyb. Financialc. Managementd. Baseline.
You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost-estimating technique are you using?a. parametricb. analogousc. bottom-upd. top-down
________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual material resources or work items over time.a. Reserve analysisb. Life cycle costingc. Project cost budgetingd. Earned value analysis
_______________ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data.a. Reserve analysisb. Life cycle costingc. Project cost budgetingd. Earned value management
Explain some of the basic principles of cost management, such as profits, life cycle costs, tangible and intangible costs and benefits, direct and indirect costs, and reserves.
_____is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.a. Qualityb. Conformance to requirementsc. Fitness for used. Reliability
What is the purpose of project quality management?a. to produce the highest-quality products and services possibleb. to ensure that appropriate quality standards are metc. to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertakend. all of the above.
________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.a. Quality auditsb. Design of experimentsc. Six Sigmad. Benchmarking
What does the term kaizen mean?a. minimize wasteb. maximize valuec. do it right the first timed. improvement
What tool can you use to determine whether a process is in control or out of control?a. a cause-and-effect diagramb. a control chartc. a run chartd. a control panel diagram
The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the mean, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for problems.a. randomb. nonrandomc. Six Sigmad. quality
What is the preferred order for performing testing on IT projects?a. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testingb. unit testing, system testing, integration testing, user acceptance testingc. unit testing, system testing, user acceptance testing, integration
__________ is known for his work on quality control in Japan, and he developed the 14 Points for Management in his text Out of the Crisis.a. Juranb. Demingc. Crosbyd. Ishikawa
PMI's OPM3 is an example of a _______model or framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems.a. benchmarkingb. Six Sigmac. maturityd. quality
Discuss some of the examples of poor quality in IT projects presented in the "What Went Wrong?" section. Could most of these problems have been avoided? Why do you think there are so many examples of poor quality in IT projects?
Why is quality assurance becoming more important? What does it mean to use lean in quality assurance?
What are the three main categories of outputs for quality control?
Discuss the history of modern quality management. How have experts such as Deming, Juran, Crosby, and Taguchi affected the quality movement and today's use of lean and Six Sigma?
Describe three types of software that can assist in project quality management.
Which of the following is not part of project human resource management?a. resource estimatingb. acquiring the project teamc. developing the project teamd. managing the project team
_______causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.a. Intrinsic motivationb. Extrinsic motivationc. Self motivationd. Social motivation
At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are needs.a. self-actualizationb. esteemc. safetyd. physiological
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who desire harmonious relations with other people and need to feel accepted have a high ______ need.a. socialb. achievementc. affiliationd. extrinsic
____________ power is based on a person's individual charisma.a. Affiliationb. Referentc. Personalityd. Legitimate
A _________maps the work of a project, as described in the WBS, to the people responsible for performing the work.a. project organizational chartb. work definition and assignment processc. resource histogramd. responsibility assignment matrix
A staffing management plan often includes a resource_________ which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project over time.a. chartb. graphc. histogramd. timeline
What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks?a. resource loadingb. resource levelingc. critical path analysisd. overallocation
What are the five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order?a. forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourningb. storming, forming, norming, performing, and adjourningc. norming, forming, storming, performing, and adjourningd. forming, storming, performing,
Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams?a. observation and conversationb. project performance appraisalsc. conflict managementd. Social Styles Profile
How can you use Project 2013 to assist in project human resource management?
What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project?a. lack of proper fundingb. a failure to communicatec. poor listening skillsd. inadequate staffing
In face-to-face interactions, how is most information conveyed?a. by the tone of voiceb. by the words spokenc. by body languaged. by the location
Which of the following is not a process in project communications management?a. planning communications managementb. controlling communicationsc. managing communicationsd. managing stakeholders
What strategy can a project manager use to deliver bad news?a. Tell a joke first.b. Tell senior management as soon as possible so they can develop alternatives and recommendations.c. Ask the project champion to deliver the news.d. Set the stage by putting the news into context, emphasizing the
If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communication channels will you add?a. 2b. 12c. 15d. 18
Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings?a. Determine if a meeting can be avoided.b. Invite extra people who support your project to make the meeting run more smoothly.c. Define the purpose and intended outcome of the meeting.d. Build relationships.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of distributing project information.
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting.
________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.a. Risk utilityb. Risk tolerancec. Risk managementd. Risk
A person who is risk ________ receives greater satisfaction when more payoff is at stake and is willing to pay a penalty to take risks.a. averseb. seekingc. neutrald. aware
Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence?a. planning risk managementb. identifying risksc. performing qualitative risk analysisd. performing quantitative risk analysis
Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has ______ plans to use the current release.a. contingencyb. fallbackc. reserved. mitigation
Which risk identification tool involves deriving a consensus among a panel of experts by using anonymous input regarding future events?a. risk breakdown structureb. brainstormingc. interviewingd. Delphi technique
A risk _________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, and is often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format.a. management planb. registerc. breakdown structured. probability/impact matrix
_________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates.a. Probabilitiesb. Impactsc. Watch list itemsd. Triggers
_______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze its expected behavior or performance.a. Simulationb. Sensitivity analysisc. Monte Carlo analysisd. EMV.
Your project team has decided not to use an upcoming release of software because it might cause your schedule to slip. Which negative risk response strategy are you using?a. avoidanceb. acceptancec. transferenced. mitigation
Discuss the common sources of risk on IT projects and suggestions for managing them. Which suggestions do you find most useful? Which do you feel would not work in your organization? Why?
List the tools and techniques for performing risk control.
What is the top reason for global outsourcing of IT services?a. cost reductionb. a shortage of qualified personnelc. decreasing time to marketd. increasing revenues
Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this example fall under?a. reducing costsb. allowing the client organization to focus on its core businessc. accessing skills and technologiesd. providing
In which project procurement management process is an RFP often written?a. planning procurement managementb. conducting procurementsc. controlling procurementsd. selecting sellers
Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer?a. fixed-priceb. cost plus incentive fee (CPIF)c. time and materiald. cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
The is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost.a. breakeven pointb. Share Ratio Pointc. Point of Reconciliationd. Point of Total Assumption
If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would be required of the potential sellers?a. RFPb. RFQc. proposald. quote
Buyers often prepare a manageable. list when selecting a seller to make the process morea. preferredb. shortc. qualified suppliersd. BAFO
List five reasons why organizations outsource. When should an organization choose not to outsource? Why are some organizations moving their software development work back in-house? Why are some organizations beginning to use onshoring?
What is the main purpose of a procurement audit?
Suppliers and concerned citizens are examples of which type of stakeholders?a. internalb. externalc. supportived. unsupportive
What type of information about stakeholders is not included in a stakeholder register?a. identificationb. classificationc. assessmentd. engagement level
What type of grid can categorize stakeholders based on their level of authority and concern?a. a power/interest gridb. an authority/concern gridc. an authority/interest gridd. a resistance/support grid
One of your project stakeholders has a high amount of authority and a high amount of interest. How should you manage that relationship?a. keep informedb. keep satisfiedc. manage closelyd. monitor
Which type of matrix can help clarify which knowledge areas are most important to stakeholders on a project?a. a knowledge area matrixb. a prioritization matrixc. an expectations management matrixd. a stakeholder management matrix
What tool can you use to document, monitor, and track items that need resolution on a project?a. an issue logb. a risk registerc. an issue registerd. a resolution log
When should you start controlling stakeholder engagement on a project?a. in the early phasesb. in the middle phasesc. in the latter phasesd. none of the above; you cannot control stakeholder engagement
Which of the following statements is false about software that can assist in project stakeholder management?a. Social media tools can assist in stakeholder management.b. Some project management software includes features like giving "high fives."c. Texting is an example of a microblog that can
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