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organizational behavior
Organizational Behavior 1st Edition OpenStax - Solutions
What is the access-and-legitimacy perspective? Differentiate it from the discrimination-and-fairness perspective.
How can managers ensure fairness in the interviewing and selection process regarding diversity?
What is the role of leadership regarding diversity?
What are some of the factors that enabled to Jen Rubio and Stephanie Korey to make good decisions when they established their luggage company, Away?
The focus of a manager or a business owner is often primarily on doing well (making a profit). Sometimes, though, organizational leaders choose to pursue two big goals at once: doing well, and simultaneously doing good (benefiting society in some way). Why? Generally because they think it’s an
If you wanted to buy a new car, what research would you do first to increase the likelihood of making a good decision? As a manager, do you think you would engage in more research or less research than that prior to making big decisions for the organization?
Imagine that you are a manager and that two of your employees are blaming one another for a recent project not going well. What factors would you consider in deciding whom to believe? Who else would you talk to before making a decision? What would you do to try to reduce the likelihood of this
The music industry has seen a series of innovations that have improved audio quality—vinyl records sales were eventually surpassed by compact discs in the 1980s, which were then eclipsed by digital music in the early 2000s. Both of the newer technologies boast superior sound quality to vinyl
What are some positive outcomes of decision-making for an organization? What are some possible negative outcomes?
What are the two systems that the brain uses in decision-making? How are they related to programmed and non-programmed decisions?
When Satya Nadella became the CEO of Microsoft in 2014, he set in motion a major transformation of the organization’s culture. He wanted it to shift from a culture that valued “know-it-alls” to one that values “learn-it-all.” Instead of employees feeling the need to prove that they were
Think about a big decision that you have made. What impact did your emotions have on that decision? Did they help or hinder your decision-making? Would you make the same decision again?
You have been asked whether your organization should expand from selling its products only in North America to selling its products in Europe as well. What information would you want to collect? Who would you want to discuss the idea with before making a decision?
How is managerial decision-making different from a multiple-choice test?
What is a heuristic, and when would it be appropriate to use a heuristic for decision-making?
When it comes to decision-making, ethical dilemmas require particular care. Because managers make many decisions, it should not be surprising that some of those decisions will have ethical implications. With multiple stakeholders to consider, sometimes what is best for one group of stakeholders is
If you were faced with an ethical dilemma at work, who would you want to talk to for advice prior to reaching a decision?
You have a colleague who decided the organization should pursue a new technology. Nine months into the project of transitioning to the new technology, based on new information you are convinced that the new technology is not going to work out as anticipated. In fact, you expect it to be a colossal
In addition to the owners of a business, who are some of the other stakeholders that managers should consider when making decisions?
What is confirmation bias? Explain how it can be a barrier to effective decision-making.
Which would be better to involve a group with, a programmed or a non-programmed decision? Why?
Your manager has asked you to take the lead on a new and creative project. She has encouraged you to create your own team (from existing employees) to work with you on the project. What factors would you want to consider in deciding who should join your project team? What would you want to do as
Explain the two systems used by the brain in decision-making.
If you were manager of a group with a lot of personality conflict, what would you do?
Identify the logical flaw(s) in this argument:◦ We want to have effective leaders in this organization.◦ Taller individuals tend to be perceived as more leader-like.◦ Men are usually taller than women.◦ So, we should only hire men to be managers in our organization.
What is emotional intelligence, and why is it important for decision-making?
What are the two types of conflict? Which one is constructive, and which is destructive?
Give an example of a programmed decision that a manager might face.
What are the steps in the decision-making process? Which ones do people tend to skip or spend insufficient time on?
Give an example of a non-programmed decision.
What can individuals do to improve the quality of their decision-making?
What are heuristics, and when are they helpful?
What can groups or group leaders do to improve the quality of group decision-making?
How are programmed and non-programmed decisions connected to the reflective and reactive systems in the brain?
What are the benefits of decision-making in a group, instead of individually?
Explain the concept of confirmation bias.
List and describe at least three barriers to effective decision-making.
When is conflict beneficial, and when is it harmful? Why?
Explain what satisficing is and when it may be a good strategy.
What are the six steps in the decision-making process?
What are the four steps involved in ethical decision-making?
Explain why group decision-making can be more effective than individual decision-making.
What are some things that can prevent groups from making good decisions?
As a manager, what can you do to enhance the quality of group decision-making?
How does the attributional process work? Provide an example to show why this process is so important in understanding organizational behavior.
Many executives struggle in the ongoing competitive landscape of technology. With fast-paced changes, staying one step ahead as well as being able to pivot quickly to respond to action are two critical elements to successful leadership.Apple Inc. has made its third change in the past year to the
Today’s news is littered with scandals, new allegations of sexual assault, and tragedy. Since 2017 and the #metoo movement, stemming from the Harvey Weinstein scandal, more and more public figures have been put into the spotlight to defend themselves against allegations from women around the
Define work.
As a manager, and leader, the words and actions you take are incredibly important. John Schnatter, founder and chairman of Papa John’s Pizza, found this out the hard way. During a media training conference call, Schnatter used derogatory comments and racial slurs. This call, although intended to
What functions does work serve in modern society?
Describe the extent and nature of the challenges facing the workplace in the next decade.
What can be done about these challenges?
Define management.
How does the nature of management change according to one’s level and function in the organization?
Discuss the role of management in the larger societal context.
What do you think the managers of the future will be like?
Identify what you think are the critical issues facing contemporary management. Explain.
You work for a large multinational corporation with offices around the globe. One of your colleagues has been offered an assignment overseas to either the Japanese, South Korean, or German offices for a long term assignment (three to seven years). She has asked your advice on the opportunity
Johnson & Johnson is a leader in multinational medical devices as well as pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods. Founded in 1886, the company has been through generations of cultural differences and is consistently listed among the Fortune 500. Johnson & Johnson is a household name for
What are the various abilities and skills that should be considered when hiring employees?
Philip Johnson, at age 86, was considered the dean of American architecture and was known for such landmarks as the AT&T building in New York and the Pennzoil Center in Houston, but he was also forced out of the firm that he built, only to watch it fall into default and bankruptcy.In 1969, Johnson
Why is it important for managers to understand individual differences at work?
What Is Your Locus of Control?Instructions: This instrument lists several pairs of statements concerning the possible causes of behavior. For each pair, select the letter (A or B) that better describes your own beliefs. Remember: there are no right or wrong answers.1. A. In the long run, the bad
Which Values Are Most Important to You?Instructions: People are influenced by a wide variety of personal values. In fact, it has been argued that values represent a major influence on how we process information, how we feel about issues, and how we behave. In this exercise, you are given an
It’s your final semester in college and you’re going through several interviews with recruiters on campus. Among the opportunities that you are interviewing for is an entry-level position as a data analyst with a large accounting firm. You have been told during the initial interview that the
How should the personality differences and work values be taken into account when selecting employees?
In many ways the above scenario paints a bleak portrait of the relationship of many workers to their employers. However, it should be noted that many companies are trying to change this relationship and create a partnership between employees and company in which the goals of both are realized. In
Which employee abilities seem to be most important in determining job performance? Explain.
What is the role of cultural diversity in selecting employees?
Yukiko Tanabe, a foreign exchange student from Tokyo, Japan, was both eager and anxious about making new friends during her one-year study abroad in the United States. After a month-long intensive course in English over the summer, she began her studies at the University of California. Yukiko was
Define personality. Which personality traits are most relevant to understanding organizational behavior? Why?
Why should abilities and skills be taken into account when selecting employees?
Explain how the concept of locus of control works. Provide an example.
Describe the components of mental abilities, cognitive complexity, physical ability, and psychomotor abilities.
Describe the basic incongruity thesis. Do you agree with this thesis? Under what circumstances might the thesis be most likely to be true? Least likely to be true? Explain.
What is the role of personality and personality development in the workplace?
Why is it important for managers to understand ethical standards in the workplace? How do ethics affect our behavior at work?
What are the things that managers can do to foster an environment where employees can gain personal development and grow?
What are some things that managers can do to foster organizational harmony where they get the best results from all employees?
Define culture. How do culture and cultural variations affect work behavior and job performance? Provide examples to show why a knowledge of such differences is important for managers.
What role do managers undertake to ensure an environment where ethics and values are followed?
What role do managers play to ensure that the culture of individuals are valued and appreciated and contribute to a successful work environment?
How can you understand what makes up an individual’s personality?
Conflict was a feeling that James and Chaz were familiar with in their workplace. It was just a matter of time before their differences bubbled up to form a real hardship on themselves as well as their management teams.Chaz is anxious to get ahead, really focused on how fast he can accelerate his
Describe how the basic perceptual process works. Why should managers understand this process?
You remember from your Organizational Behavior class that several assessments to increase one’s self awareness, like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory that you read about in this chapter and is profiled in the Managerial Skill Application Exercises of this chapter, were very
How does the content of the situation affect the perception of the perceiver?
Which Car Would You Buy?When General Motors teamed up with Toyota to form California-based New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), they had a great idea. NUMMI would manufacture not only the popular Toyota Corolla but would also make a GM car called the Geo Prizm. Both cars would be
How Do You Feel About Women Executives?Instructions:This instrument focuses on your attitudes toward women in executive positions. For each item, circle the number that best represents your feelings concerning women executives in organizations. Be completely honest with yourself in responding. 1.
How can variations in social perception affect everyday work behavior? Provide an example to illustrate.
Recall a meeting that you recently had, such as a team presentation of a case analysis. What were your impressions of what happened in the planning of the presentation and how things like the assignment of roles and timetables for subsequent meetings and deliverables unfolded. What were the
What are the characteristics that the perceiver can have on interpreting personality?
Examples of the MSQ for two scales (compensation and recognition) can be seen in this self-assessment. If you wish to complete this sample questionnaire, simply refer to a (paid or unpaid) job that you have had and answer the questionnaire.Are You Satisfied with Your Job?Instructions: Answer each
If you’ve ever flown on Southwest Airlines, you can tell something is different just from the first interaction with their employees. From the flight attendants, to the pilot’s announcements, and even to their customer service representatives, they have a cheerful disposition, and contrary to
What can managers do to reduce the incidences of stereotyping in the workplace?
As a way to measure job satisfaction, ask someone at a local business the following questions:a. What is your job title, and what do you do in your own words? How do these match up to tasks, duties, and responsibilities in your job description?b. Are you satisfied with the work that you do?c. How
What are the barriers that can inhibit the accuracy of our perception?
What are the cultural factors that can influence perception?
How do attributional biases work? What can managers do to reduce such biases?
What is perceptual defense, and what are examples of the mechanisms that can be identified?
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