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organizational behavior
Organizational Behavior 8th Edition Andrzej A. Huczynski, David A. Buchanan - Solutions
As you read each of the following 18 statements , ask yourself whether or not it applies to you, and answer (tick) ‘yes’ or ‘no’ accordingly. You will of course occasionally feel that you want to answer ‘sometimes’. But try in each case to decide where your personal preferences,
Choose two different television programmes which include interviews: news, political commentary, magazine programmes, chat shows. It does not matter whether the interview is about news information, or simply audience entertainment. In each case observe one interviewer or host or commentator
You are responsible for training the new shelf-stacker in your local supermarket. What combination of behaviour modification and socialization techniques will you use, and how will you apply these?
The Big Five Locator is an easy-to-use instrument for assessing an individual’s personality profile (Howard and Howard, 1993). The short version shown here for demonstration should be seen as providing only an approximate measure of traits and individual differences. Calculate your openness score
An organization doesn’t exist without its members. How can an organization ‘learn’?
Let us assume that you are learning during your organizational behaviour course. Is this single-loop learning, or double-loop learning? Which of these two types of learning should you be engaged in?
It may be obvious that we all like to win and hate to lose, but it seems that some of us actually find winning stressful. To assess your own views, take the following test. Rate how you feel you would respond – strongly disagree to strongly agree – to each of these situations:Oliver Schultheiss
Are you a Type A or a Type B? Do you suffer from: alcohol abuse, excessive smoking, dizziness, upset stomach, headaches, fatigue, sweating, bad breath? If ‘yes’, these could be stress responses to your Type A behaviour pattern. Expect your first heart attack before you are 45. If you don’t
What is psychometrics, and what are the main applications? What are the benefits and drawbacks of psychometric assessment in organizational contexts?
Interview two managers who are involved in recruiting and selecting candidates for jobs in their organizations. Choose two different types of organization for this assignment: for example, large and small, public and private sector, or manufacturing and retailing. First ask them(a) What selection
List the ten words or phrases that best describe the most important features of your individual identity. These features could concern your social roles, physical characteristics, intellectual qualities, social style, beliefs, and particular skills. Then make a second list, putting what you regard
What is ‘personality’ and why is this term difficult to define clearly?
What is the difference between ‘type’ and ‘trait’ theories of personality? Using at least one example of a trait theory, explain the benefits and problems associated with this approach to personality assessment.
At your next job interview, you are asked ‘Why should we employ you?’. The first part of your answer concerns your knowledge and skills. The second part of your answer concerns your personality. What are you going to say? Will this help you to get the job?
Explain the distinction between nomothetic and idiographic views of personality. How do idiographic methods assess personality, and what are the advantages and drawbacks of these methods?
What is social intelligence, and why are these capabilities now seen as ranking in importance with general intelligence, especially for managers?
We all have experience of ineffective communication. Either the other person misunderstood what you had to say, or you misunderstood them. Remember the last time this happened. What went wrong? What caused that communication to fail? Share your analysis with colleagues to see whether there are
What other expressions create coding and decoding problems? Identify examples – which can be humorous, as with the man who asked for wild duck in a restaurant and was told by the waiter ‘I don’t have wild duck, sir, but I can annoy one for you.’
1. Individual analysis: Read these sets of statements on your own, without discussing them with colleagues. In each case decide, as the supervisor: • Which of the four statements is the best, and why? • What objective(s) you would have for this interaction – that is, what you would like to
What are the main problems affecting the communication process, and how can these problems be solved?
With whom do you communicate often? What prevents effective communication in your experience? How can you improve the effectiveness of your communication?
Explain, with appropriate examples, the questioning techniques which we use to obtain information from others, and the conversation control methods that we use to ensure that our interactions run smoothly, and in our favour.
Record a television police drama, a magazine programme, or a news broadcast. Watch somebody being interviewed: for example, police interviewing suspect, host interviewing celebrity, or news reader interviewing politician. Identify the questioning techniques used. What advice can you give the
What is non-verbal communication, and what part does it play in human interaction in general and in organizational settings in particular?
Say out loud exactly the same sentence, ‘This is a really interesting textbook’, in two different ways, with opposite meanings.
Is impression management simply a form of deceit? What in your view are the ethical problems raised by the advice that we should consciously manipulate the impression that others have of us through verbal and non-verbal communication? Do you use, or do you avoid, impression management methods when
How does your educational institution use rewards and sanctions to influence the decisions that you make about the nature and direction of your studies? What ‘signals’ do teaching staff send in order to communicate to students how they expect them to behave?
How would you describe the communication climate of your educational institution? Of an organization where you have recently worked? Of your current employer?
Explain the distinction between sensation and perception. What is the significance of this distinction?
Look carefully at the style of dress and appearance of the instructors in your educational institution, across all the subjects that you are studying. How does their appearance affect your perceptions of their • Approachability• Subject knowledge• Professionalism• Understanding of
1. Break into groups of three. 2. Your instructor will give you five or six photographs of people, taken from recent newspapers and magazines. You have 5 minutes to work out as much as you can about each of these people, using only what you can see in the picture. Consider characteristics such as
Choose a film that you have seen recently, and which you particularly enjoyed. Now find a friend or colleague who has seen the same film, and who hated it. Share your views of that film. What factors (age, sex, background, education, interests, values and beliefs, political views, past experience)
What is the individual’s perceptual world? What factors influence this construct, and how does an understanding of someone’s perceptual world help us to understand their behaviour?
Organizational culture influences how employees dress for work. Think about what clothes your bosses and co-workers wear at your current or recent workplace. How do your university lecturers dress? What does it tell you about the culture of these organizations?
If you were the host of an overseas business visitor (decide whether male or female) who was unaware of your country’s culture, what two things would you advise that person to do and not do, so as to avoid embarrassing themselves and causing offence to others at work or at a social event?
What part do feedback and reinforcement play in the cognitive and behaviourist approaches to learning?
Review your understanding of social learning theory, behaviour modelling, and the concept of provisional selves. How do these approaches explain the ways in which new employees learn about the organization and their job? Interview a manager, a supervisor or team leader, and a front-line employee in
Two or three volunteers will receive reinforcement from the rest of the class while performing a simple task. The volunteers leave the room while the class is being briefed.The instructor identifies an object which the student volunteers must find when they return to the room. This object should be
Draw your own learning curve for this organizational behaviour course. Why is it that shape? What would be your ideal learning curve look like? How could you change the shape of this learning curve?
Describe and illustrate the technique of organizational behaviour modification, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.
Branto Bakery is a large company producing a range of bakery products for the major supermarkets. Analysis by the human resources department has revealed that the sales and administration departments have the highest rates of absenteeism and latecoming. Interestingly, each of these departments also
Some airlines, concerned about the cost of fuel, want to encourage passengers to carry less luggage (a lighter plane uses less fuel). One approach is to allow passengers with hand luggage only to skip the check-in queues. Another is to charge passengers extra for each item of luggage that they
Why are positive and negative reinforcement more effective than punishment? In what circumstances can punishment be effective in changing behaviour?
Can you recognize conditioned responses in your own behaviour? Is there a particular song, or a smell (perfume or after shave, or food cooking), that makes you think of another person, another place, another time, another experience?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the learning organization in practice, first from a management perspective, and then from an employee perspective? Why should there be any difference between these viewpoints?
To what extent should the criteria for effective punishment be used by managers when disciplining employees in an organizational context?
From your own experience, identify an example of each of the four varieties of feedback. What changes in that feedback would be required for you to be able to improve your performance (on this course, at sport, whatever)?
How do you feel about being given food, T-shirts, and praise for working harder? Do you regard this approach as practical, or as demeaning – and why?
Think of two people who you have observed recently – one a real person, the other a character in a movie or a television programme. How have they influenced you? Which of their behaviours have you adopted? How did that work out? What behaviours have you decided not to adopt, and why? For whom are
Remember when you first joined this college or university; how did you feel about the formal socialization or induction process? To what informal, unplanned socialization were you exposed? Which had the greater impact on your behaviour, the formal or the informal processes?
Sam and Bob are research scientists in the Greenhill Rubber Company product development laboratory. Sam, who is introverted, quiet, and serious, is more technically proficient; his patents have earned the company around $6 million over the past ten years. Bob does not have the same expertise, his
Look at the list of CSR policies and practices in Table 2.7. What behaviours would you like to add to that list, and what benefits would you expect those behaviours to produce? Table 2.7: CSR policies and practices General policies include signing up to national and international ethical codes,
In 2008 Kenco Coffee introduced a new television advertising campaign. The old ads concentrated on the quality and taste of the product. The new ads for the Kenco Sustainable Development coffee range show the company helping coffee growers and their farming communities in developing countries with
Material technology influences social technology. What does that statement mean? How do different authors approach these issues? Interview two people who have been working in the same organization for a significant period. Ask one of them to explain how technology has changed their personal
Which technologies affect your day-to-day experience? How do you expect your life experiences to be different from those of your parents; and what part does technology play in creating those differences?
The issue for debate is: What are the individual, organizational, and social benefits and dangers of Web 2.0 technology? Divide into groups of three. Your group’s task is to think of as many relevant points as you can concerning the issue for debate. List these points on a flipchart for
To explore the integration of social and technical aspects of an organization. Briefing Organizations are socio-technical systems. This means that technology – equipment, machines, processes, materials, layout – has to work alongside people – structures, roles, role relationships, job design.
Why is technology such an important aspect of organizational behaviour?
Which of the following media stories do you agree with?• Robots are replacing people in factory jobs.• The ‘virtual organization’ has arrived, based on mobile computing, so nobody needs to work in an office any more.• The days of craft skill and worker autonomy are gone. Compare your
Japanese and Scandinavian manufacturing companies use teams as part of their organizational design. What are the differences between the Japanese and Scandinavian approaches?
What for you are the benefits and disadvantages of nonstandard work? If you know someone who has a nonstandard job, ask them how they feel about it. Would their experience encourage you to find nonstandard work?
What is nonstandard work and what part does technology play in encouraging these types of jobs and employment?
Your employer gives you a pc, helps you to set up a broadband internet connection and asks you to work at home. What are the advantages and disadvantages for the organization, and for you? Following this analysis, will you comply or complain?
What are the characteristics of Web 2.0 technologies, and in what ways can these new systems affect work and organizational behaviour?
What other jobs combine a high workload with low discretion? Do employees in those jobs display symptoms of fatigue or depression? What advice would you give to management to reduce workload and increase discretion in those jobs?
Coal mining is hardly ‘typical’ work. To what extent can the concept of organizational choice be applied to other kinds of work and organizations?
1. Students form into small groups. 2. The table below shows three six proverb groups. Compare Group 1 and 2, and answer the following questions:(a) Which of Hofstede’s orientations does each proverb group promote? (b) Explain the message in the proverbs related to that dimension.(c) What
First, familiarize yourself with the list of Schein’s 15 surface manifestations of culture . Use this list to(a) interview a manager and obtain examples of as many of the surface manifestations of culture as they are able to provide you with.(b) For each manifestation, ask your manager what
Examine the four clusters of descriptions as directed by your instructor. For each one:1. Decide what ‘message’ each one sends to employees about the organization’s culture.2. Speculate on the views and behaviours it might encourage or discourage among employees.Descriptions1. Companies value
How would you define the culture of the organization that you currently work in, or the university at which you are studying?
Is organizational culture capable of being managed or do chief executive officers have to tolerate the culture that they inherit?
Think about the organizations of which you have had personal experience. Provide examples of as many of the 15 surface manifestations of organizational culture as you can.
How can culture help or hinder an organization’s effectiveness?
Can you list any of the values of the organization that you work for currently or have done so in the past? Would knowing their values change your way of working?
What guidance does the research into national culture offer managers working around the world for global corporations?
Review the Nampak Plastics case study. How would you respond to the management’s culture change programme if you were a shop-floor worker in the company?
To what extent, and in what ways, might a national culture affect an organization’s own culture?
Consider the organizational approach to culture as described in the research on Sunray. Identify the costs and benefits to the following groups: • Company management• Employees• Customers• The wider community
Is a strong organizational culture likely to improve company performance and lead it to success? What arguments can you make against this view?
Describe an example of organizational misbehaviour, where you as customer were treated badly. Suggest possible explanations for your treatment.
You discover that one of your instructors has a novel way of enhancing student performance on her module. She always gives students poor grades for their first assignment, regardless of how good it is. This, she argues, stimulates higher levels of student performance in subsequent assignments. This
A high street researcher asks you what you think caused the riots in London and other cities in England in the summer of 2011. How will you answer this question?
1. To explore the nature of ethical and unethical work behaviours.2. To identify what makes some behaviour ethical, and some behaviour unethical.3. To explore individual differences in reaching ethical judgements.The following table lists examples of behaviour at work (DeJong et al., 2008). Are
You are a management consultant studying repetitive clerical work in an insurance company. The staff are bored, unhappy, and demotivated. Your study shows how work redesign can improve things by giving them variety and autonomy in their jobs. However, managers claim that their work system is
Hospital managers are concerned that some patients with serious conditions wait too long in the emergency department before they are diagnosed and treated. How would a positivist approach this problem? How would a constructivist approach this problem? The positivist wants to observe and record
There is compelling evidence to show that ‘high performance’ human resource management practices do work, and that they improve financial returns. They have been widely publicized in management journals. So why do you think these management practices are not more widely used?
What other factors, trends or developments in the external environment of a car plant have not been mentioned? How will these affect the company’s behaviour? What are the main factors in the environment of your college or university? How are those factors influencing management actions – and
Explain the concept of organizational stakeholder. Choose an organization that you are familiar with. List its main stakeholders, and suggest what expectations each may have of that organization.
Innocent Ltd started with fruit smoothies, and diversified into other drinks. Look at what the company says on its website – www.innocentdrinks.co.uk – about ‘us’ and about ‘our ethics’. What ethical stance does this company take? In what ways do you think that this approach to
Which type of environment would you prefer to work in, stable/simple or dynamic/ complex, and why? Share your choice with a colleague. You will have to consider this question every time you apply for a job.
To explore the nature and implications of management views of ethical issues. In the late ‘noughties’ (2005–2010), a lot of companies and managers found themselves accused of making a lot of money through ‘suspect’ business practices. Observers and commentators always say that, if they
What are the strengths and weaknesses of PESTLE analysis? Illustrate your answer with reference to issues and organizations with which you are familiar.
Does your educational institution face extrapolative or discontinuous change? To what extent is the institution’s strategy and management attitude appropriate to that level of change? Apply this analysis to yourself. What level of environmental change are you subject to, and how does this affect
What are the dangers and the benefits of corporate social responsibility, for employees, management, organizations, society, the environment?
Why can it be difficult to decide whether a particular action is ethical or not?
What new technologies, materials, medical treatments, services, processes, and so on, have affected your life and work recently? In what ways? For better, or for worse?
How does globalization affect you personally? In what ways could globalization influence your working life and your career? What are the personal benefits and disadvantages?
In what ways do your values differ from the values of your parents? In what ways will your lifestyle differ from that of your parents? In what ways will your experience of work differ from that of your parents? How will your values and expectations as an employee make life easier or more difficult
Choose an organization with which you are familiar, such as a hospital, supermarket, university or college, or the place you worked last summer. Make a list of the political, economic, social, technological, legislative, and ecological factors that affect that organization. What practical advice
Have you experienced, or observed, a flexible, boundaryless, post-modern organization with skilled and autonomous employees? Have you experienced, or observed, the opposite – a bureaucratic organization with poorly paid, boring, and unskilled jobs that are controlled by autocratic managers?
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