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principles information systems
Information Systems A Managers Guide To Harnessing Technology 1st Edition John Gallaugher - Solutions
What are some of the sources data aggregators tap to collect information?
Privacy laws are in a near constant state of flux. Conduct research to identify the current state of privacy law. Has major legislation recently been proposed or approved? What are the implications for firms operating in affected industries? What are the potential benefits to consumers? Do
Self-regulation is often proposed as an alternative to legislative efforts. What kinds of efforts would provide “teeth” to self-regulation? Are there steps firms could take to make you believe in their ability to self-regulate? Why or why not?
What is HIPAA? What industry does it impact?
How do international privacy laws differ from U.S. privacy laws? What is the GDPR? Do you feel it makes users more secure or less? Why? Investigate press reports online regarding the success, challenges, and unintended consequences of GDPR, and be prepared to share your findings with your class. If
Many firms, including Google and Facebook, allow you to access the data they collect on you, or see how they’ve classified your Internet use. Search online to see what data these or other firms have on you. Come to class prepared to discuss your findings. Were you surprised at what you found? Do
What is a data lake, and when might a firm want to use one?
Search out case studies of companies that have used data cloud offerings such as Snowflake or its competitors (you’ll find some case studies on vendor websites as well as in trade publications with names like Computerworld, InfoWorld, and InformationWeek). What have firms gained by using these
Work with your instructor to research the business case for AI. One idea is to select a podcast from “Me, Myself, and AI” mentioned above. Summarize your learning from the executives profiled and conduct additional research online, then present the results of what you’ve learned to your
Google’s Teachable Machine https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/ is a way for you to experiment with machine learning without having to do any programming. The system allows you to use photos, sounds, and images to recognize media or even physical poses, and classify them according to a
Search online for examples of the unintended consequences of information technology and be prepared to share with your class. Is there anything that the organizations that sponsored these systems could have done to prevent undesirable outcomes?
Consider the Fast Company article “High-tech redlining: AI is quietly upgrading institutional racism”: https://www.fastcompany.com/90269688/high-tech-redlining-ai-is-quietlyupgrading-institutional-racism What risks do “black box” algorithms present to users, firms, and society?
Watch the film Code Bias individually or as a class (https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/coded-bias-full-film/). Then research online and collect your own examples of negatively impactful technology. Present your results to your class, and have your instructor lead the class in a broad
Find examples of deepfake technology and present them in class. Find and experiment with technology for deepfakes or shallowfakes, create some deepfake media (make sure it is not degrading, harmful, or offensive, and don’t release it in the wild), and share the example with your peers,
Research the developing state of laws regarding artificial intelligence and related technologies.What laws can you find that address face recognition software, deepfake technology, and database regulation? Do you think these laws don’t go far enough or go too far? What should firms do proactively
What role does AI play in combating the negative use of AI and other technologies? Do you think firms are winning? Why or why not (conduct research online and offer examples to support your position).
Try the Blacklight website mentioned in the callout above. Have your instructor solicit student input to uncover the mainstream website visited by you or your classmates that has the largest number of firms tracking visitors. Do the results surprise you? Would they change your behavior or prompt
Research online to see how you can view cookies in your browser. Which firms have given you cookies? Are there any firms that you don’t recognize? Search online and see if these are associated with ad technology or tracking companies.
Investigate the state of third-party cookie replacement technologies. Does it appear any of these standards are “winning”? Why or why not? Have any that initially looked promising been blocked or disbanded? Why?
Research the antitrust arguments made against Google. Do you think Google should be further regulated? Why not, or in what ways? What are the challenges Google and other firms face if regulation is not standardized across states or nations? What remedies to control Google influence have been
Getting tracked online sounds creepy, but what are the actual risk and downside involved in early and proposed tracking technologies? Can you identify incidents of genuine privacy violation and/or abuse? Were the firms perpetrating this abuse sufficiently punished? What risks might occur even if a
Make a table with three columns: device (examples: Mac computer, Windows, Apple Watch, Android Phone, etc.), feature (photo access, camera and mic access, data tracking, location tracking, etc.), and service (websites, apps, etc.). Build out the table listing permissions you are asked to approve
After reading this chapter and perhaps performing exercises like the one above, you and your classmates may have changed your minds re: your choice of current and future products and services. Work with your instructor to tally if this learning and related exercises influenced any classmates to
What responsibility (if any) do firms have to inform the public when data is collected or tracking features and certain device access are used? What challenges do firms face when they fully disclose access and service or app behavior? Imagine yourself in the role as a manager:Do you feel there are
Are you more likely to choose an Apple product based on privacy benefits, even if these products are more expensive? Why or why not?
What risks does a firm face if it chooses to offer free products and services, subsidized based on data collection, data sale, and advertising? What steps can and should be taken by a firm that seeks to offer free services in this way? What risks exist, and how can a company mitigate these risks?
Do you think concerns around data tracking in apps and approval of device access are justified?Search online—can you find any concerning downside examples of data breaches or harmful outcomes from customer privacy being compromised, either by the misuse of these techniques or data breaches
What should a firm do with respect to data storage and security policies to help mitigate misuse or breaches? As a manager making recommendations for system design, where would you store data? How should data be stored? Who should have access to the data, and how would you screen this approval
Look into your favorite online services or similar Internet-connected products, and see if you can view the data collected about you. What has Google collected? Facebook, Instagram, and others? What about Apple? Do you feel this data collection and use was fully disclosed?Do you feel this data is
All technologies have limitations, and as a manager it’s important that you have the skills to not only understand tech, but also its weaknesses. Make a chart listing the methods used in geotargeting, how they work, and the limitations of these technologies.
Compare IP addresses. Visit a website that can identify your IP address and that will try to locate the IP address on a map. The site What Is My IP Address: https://whatismyipaddress.com/ is one site that you might use. How accurate was the guess? Try this using multiple devices accessing the
Download the free IoT inspector from Princeton University Researchers: https://iotinspector.org/ While you might be able to get some interesting results from a dorm room, those in off-campus apartments or trying things from home might get the most interesting findings. Examine the results, and
Give examples of how you have been geotargeted, and share with your classmates. If these happen while you're preparing this exercise, be sure to take screenshots and share the examples with your instructor for class presentation. You might also ask a friend or family member who is abroad to take a
Research privacy laws surrounding ACR and DAI on televisions. Do you feel laws are strong enough? If you were an advertiser or television firm, what steps would you take to ensure privacy, increase trust, and hold off public concerns in ways that avoid regulation, while still allowing for the
Research the current state of Internet privacy law. Are laws consistent at the national and local levels? If not, what does this mean for firms operating in areas impacted by these laws?
Brainstorm on areas that are of rising public concern. What sorts of legal action in these areas has been taken, proposed, or may be considered? Imagine yourself in the role as an executive in a firm facing public concern. Suggest strategies that will help the firm and the public achieve the most
Many firms share their privacy policies online. Identify firms that you think have implemented effective privacy policies and clearly engaged with consumers, and those who could use more work and might even seem sketchy or unethical.
Look into industry trade groups like the IAB. What advantages do they offer members? Do these organizations offer any type of enforcement to ensure their practices are adhered to?
What is compliance? Choose an industry such as banking and finance, health care, or advertising.Are there data compliance standards that need to be adhered to? Briefly summarize these in a simple, easy-to-understand paragraph.
Examine the current status of the Apple Privacy Nutrition Label shown in the video at the start of this section. Has Apple plugged any of the loopholes mentioned? What risks does this present for Apple, its users, and app users? How has Apple done with privacy disclosure when compared to rival
Play the role of a Google competitor (choose one: Yelp, Apple, advertising network Trade Desk, etc.). Build an argument against Google. How and why do you think the firm should be regulated? Now play the role of an Alphabet executive. Build an argument for Alphabet and defend the firm against
Search online to find estimates of the current highest paying cost per click. Which keywords pay the most? Why do you think firms are willing to spend so much?
Google is in an especially strong position when compared to other ad networks and online advertising competitors. Which sources of competitive advantage accrue to the firms that dominate ad networks? Why?
Google offers several programs to learn more about their products and to become certified.If you’re interested in digital marketing, you can explore some of these programs online.You can also apply for a grant to gain free advertising credits to run for nonprofit organizations.For more info, see:
Visit a financial website with a free charting service, like finance.yahoo.com, and create a chart showing the performance of Microsoft compared with Google for the duration of time that Google has been a publicly traded company. Which firm would have been a better investment over this duration? At
Watch this video on how 3D printing is spurring advances in manufacturing. How are technologies like this poised to influence the economy, society, and the jobs of the future? Work with classmates to brainstorm ways in which 3D printing can benefit society. 3D Printing Spurring Revolutionary
Research online to investigate how tech firms fared during the pandemic. Which ones benefited?Which struggled and why? How has tech influenced our lives during the pandemic?Which trends are likely to reshape how consumers and businesses use technologies? Consider how this differs from what may have
Survey the class—has anyone used Walmart.com (or the prior effort known as Jet.com)?How has their use compared with their Amazon purchases? What factors explain Walmart's e-commerce performance? Do you think it was wise for Walmart to buy Jet? Why or why not? What will Walmart need to do in order
Is there such a thing as the first-mover advantage? Why or why not?
What are Porter’s “five forces”?
Build a chart with columns for traditional grocers, Instacart, and FreshDirect. Add rows showing various advantages to the firm and consumer and use the row/column intersection to show whether the alternative in the column has an advantage over its rivals. Also list how the advantage is realized
FreshDirect uses some third-party software, like the customer profiling tool Selligent, that other firms can also buy and use. Why is it less threatening if an online grocery newcomer uses the same tool as incumbent FreshDirect?
What problems did FreshDirect encounter when switching from Queens to the new Bronx facility?
What steps could have been taken to avoid these problems?
How did FreshDirect regain customer trust? Discuss the cost/benefit trade-off of this approach versus doing nothing.
What did the Splunk tool provide for the FreshDirect team?
What challenges and opportunities were presented by the coronavirus pandemic, and in what ways did FreshDirect capitalize on these—both financially and nonfinancially?
Why are new, nontraditional competitors more of a potential threat to FreshDirect than area retail grocers? What advantages do they bring to the market, and what assets does FreshDirect still have to compete against them? What do you think will happen to FreshDirect's growth and market share over
Consider the video above, "Zara AR Studio Collection." What do you think of this effort? Is this useful? A gimmick? Would it prompt you to download the app, visit the firm, or engage and discover products more? Does this seem a costly effort or something that can be done relatively inexpensively
Survey your class, friends, or family. How many subscription services do they have and how many are they likely to have in the future? Have you or any relatives or friends ever dropped a service? Which one and why? Have you ever “rejoined” a service you’d previously dropped?If so, why? What
What “class” of software does Netflix use to make movie recommendations? Think about Chapter 2: Which key competitive resource does this software “create”? What kinds of benefits does this provide to the firm? What benefits does it provide to Netflix’s suppliers?
Watch this presentation below by Caitlin Smallwood, VP of data science and analytics at Netflix, especially beginning at around the 11 min mark. What are the stages where Netflix uses data for decision-making? At which stages in the process is data-driven decision-making faster and more accurate,
Why is Moore’s Law slowing? How was Apple to achieve results that were so significant when it launched the M1 chip? Which sorts of devices was the core technology in the M1 chip originally developed for?
What is the difference between volatile and nonvolatile memory? Give examples of each, noting any products that you or your family might own.
Which commercial solutions, described in the previous section, are currently being used to counteract the forces mentioned? How do these solutions work? What are the limitations of each?
Watch the video below, which appeared in a recent issue of Scientific American online. This call-to-action suggests that we are underestimating the implications of quantum computing, and the related ethical implications. Brainstorm social, business, governmental, security, and other challenges that
You can join a grid, too! Visit the SETI@home website (http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/).What is the purpose of the SETI@Home project? How do you participate? Is there any possible danger to your computer if you choose to participate? (Read their rules and policies.)Do some additional research
What is “Moore’s Wall”?
Research the role of technologies listed as potentially disruptive in the list in this section, or identify additional potentially disruptive technologies. How do these technologies fit with the first part of our definition of disruptive technologies, and what will it take for them to realize the
Play the role of an industry analyst or consultant. Identify a potentially disruptive technology and make predictions on its likelihood, timeline, and industries that it will impact. Make recommendations for investment by various parties that might be impacted by this disruption.If there are
Consider the success of Amazon. Is it a firm that should be more regulated? Why or why not? What are the potential positive and negative consequences of this? Many cry “break up Amazon,” but if retail and AWS were broken into separate business units, what would likely be the result of these
As a longer assignment, watch the PBS Frontline documentary below: “Amazon Empire: The Rise and Reign of Jeff Bezos.” Use this to frame your thoughts on this chapter. Is Amazon a good or bad thing for the world economy? What role does federal regulation play in controlling concerns regarding
What are private-label products, and what advantages do they offer Amazon? Some critics of tech-firm growth have pointed to private label products on Amazon as an increasing threat. Do you think such criticism is justified? Why or why not?
Describe how Amazon Marketplace offers two-sided network effects. What are the two“sides,” and why is this a source of sustainable advantage for Amazon?
How does technology help in improving the firm’s fulfillment network? What is the role of data in these efforts? How do apps and websites help the firm roll out a UPS-rivaling fulfillment network in roughly five years time?
What role will technologies such as machine learning and other AI play fur the future of Amazon package delivery? How has Amazon acquired this data, and why does ownership of data present a challenge to new entrants who try to replicate Amazon’s success? Could advances in these areas also lead
Have you shopped in a checkout-free grocery store like Amazon Go or Amazon Fresh? If so, share your experience with your class. What did you like about it, and did you find anything frustrating?
Why is Amazon licensing its Amazon Go technology? How will this help the firm other than by bringing in additional revenues? Who was the first licensee of this technology, and why was it appealing to this customer?
How does Amazon Fresh use technology to improve the shopping experience? What kind of technology is involved? What is the potential payoff of this tech to both Amazon and for customers?
Why is e-ink useful in an e-reader?
Investigate the Amazon Halo. Would you buy the product (or do you or anyone else that you know already own one)? Why or why not (and what do owners think)? What would compel you to try such a product? What would prevent you from giving this a shot?
Why do Amazon Alexa-based products improve over time? What scale- and time-derived advantage does Amazon leverage in realizing this improvement?
What businesses has Amazon created from its initial Echo/Alexa product? How are businesses using Alexa?
Ask your class for opinions on the use of Alexa-style always-on microphones. What is the breakdown of people who are so concerned that they will never use these products versus those who are unconcerned? Research the state of public criticism versus actual issues that have resulted from the abuse
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud gaming platforms. Do some research yourself. Do you believe these platforms are an attractive alternative to game consoles? How about the market for purchasing games versus game subscriptions? Which firm is leading in this space and why? Why have
Consider the eBook publishing case between Amazon and Apple, as well as the spat between Amazon and Hachette. Research the current state of these disputes and any court rulings. Is Amazon a monopoly? Does Amazon have too much power, and do you think it should be regulated? Is Amazon’s pricing
Try It Out! You can build an Alexa Skill without any programming. Experiment with Alexa Blueprints or similar offering (https://blueprints.amazon.com/). Work individually or as a team to develop a voice-based system that offers some sort of utility—a quiz, information for students, an information
What other consumer cloud services does Amazon offer? Make a list of popular consumer cloud services that you use that are provided by Amazon, and those that you use that aren’t Amazon services.
List rival products to the cloud services that you use. Why have you chosen to use the products in your list versus rival offerings?
How big is AWS? How does AWS compare with revenue and profit versus Amazon’s e-commerce business?
Investigate and build a list of ten firms you find impressive that are using AWS. Include at least two firms that you might consider to be Amazon rivals.
List the reasons why an organization would choose cloud computing. Why might they not choose to use cloud computing?
Why would an Amazon rival choose to use AWS services when rival offerings are available?
What strategic resources has Amazon as an early mover in cloud computing services?
Research cloud computing outages among major cloud service providers (AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google). Have you found any cloud computing outages that have taken place in the last three years? What firms were impacted? What was the cause of these outages? Was there any economic impact indicated? Who
What is an instance? What is a virtual server?
What is the difference between an EC2 instance and a Lambda?
What is S3? What is Redshift? Why would an organization use these services?
Research some of the AI services available from Amazon. Make a list of five to ten of those you find most interesting, describe what they do and why these seem appealing. Investigate industries supported by AWS vertical market offerings. List five of these industries and some of the services that
Try it out! Create a free AWS account, then visit Amazon’s hands-on tutorials at: https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/hands-on/ Some of these courses take only ten minutes to complete and use the free tier of AWS resources (although you might still need a credit card to use them, even though
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