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Questions and Answers of University Physics

A 20.0-kg crate sits at rest at the bottom of a 15.0-m-long ramp that is inclined at 34.0º above the horizontal. A constant horizontal force of 290 N is applied to the crate to push it up the ramp.
It is 5.0 km from your home to the physics lab. As part of your physical fitness program, you could run that distance at 10 km h (which uses up energy at the rate of 700 W), or you could walk it
A crate on a motorized cart starts from rest and moves with a constant eastward acceleration of α = 2.80 m/s2. A worker assists the cart by pushing on the crate with a force that is eastward and has
A force in the +x-direction with magnitude F(x) = 18.0 N – (0.530 N/m)x is applied to a 6.00-kg box that is sitting on the horizontal, frictionless surface of a frozen lake. F(x) is the only
A 6.0-kg box moving 3.0 m/s at on a horizontal, frictionless surface runs into a light spring of force constant 75 N/cm. Use the work–energy theorem to find the maximum compression of the spring?
A 2.0-kg box and a 3.0-kg box on a perfectly smooth horizontal floor have a spring of force constant 250 N/m compressed between them. If the initial compression of the spring is 6.0 cm, find the
Three identical 6.40-kg masses are hung by three identical springs, as shown in Fig. E6.33. Each spring has a force constant of and was 12.0 cm long before any masses were attached to it. (a)
A surgeon is using material from a donated heart to repair a patient’s damaged aorta and needs to know the elastic characteristics of this aortal material. Tests performed on a 16.0-cm strip of the
A 30.0-kg crate is initially moving with a velocity that has magnitude 3.90 m s in a direction 37.0o west of north. How much work must be done on the crate to change its velocity to 5.62 m s in a
In Fig. E6.7 assume that there is no friction force on the 20.0-N block that sits on the tabletop. The pulley is light and frictionless.(a) Calculate the tension T in the light string that connects
(a) In the Bohr model of the atom, the ground-state electron in hydrogen has an orbital speed of 2190 km/s. What is its kinetic energy?(b) If you drop a 1.0-kg weight (about 2 lb) from a height of
A 1.50-kg book is sliding along a rough horizontal surface. At point A it is moving at 3.21 m s, and at point B it has slowed to 1.25 m s.(a) How much work was done on the book between A and B?(b) If
Adult cheetahs, the fastest of the great cats, have a mass of about 70 kg and have been clocked running at up to 72 mph (32 m/s).(a) How many joules of kinetic energy does such a swift cheetah
You apply a constant force F = (–68.0 N)î + (36.0 N)ĵ to a 380-kg car as the car travels 48.0 m in a direction that is 240.0º counterclockwise from the +x-axis. How much work does the force
A boxed 10.0-kg computer monitor is dragged by friction 5.50 m up along the moving surface of a conveyor belt inclined at an angle of 36.9° above the horizontal. If the monitor’s speed is a
An 8.00-kg package in a mail-sorting room slides 2.00 m down a chute that is inclined at 53.0° below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the chute’s surface
You push your physics book 1.50 m along a horizontal tabletop with a horizontal push of 2.40 N while the opposing force of friction is 0.600 N. How much work does each of the following forces do on
A box with weight w is pulled at constant speed along a level floor by a force that is at an angle θ above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and box is μk.(a) In
A 40.0-kg packing case is initially at rest on the floor of a 1500-kg pickup truck. The coefficient of static friction between the case and the truck floor is 0.30, and the coefficient of kinetic
A hammer is hanging by a light rope from the ceiling of a bus. The ceiling of the bus is parallel to the roadway. The bus is traveling in a straight line on a horizontal street. You observe that the
You are standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator in a tall building. Your mass is 64 kg. The elevator starts from rest and travels upward with a speed that varies with time according to u(t) =
A 25,000-kg rocket blasts off vertically from the earth’s surface with a constant acceleration. During the motion considered in the problem, assume that g remains constant (see Chapter 13). Inside
Block A in Fig. P5.73 weighs 2.40 N and block B weighs 3.60 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between all surfaces is 0.300. Find the magnitude of the horizontal force necessary to drag block B
In Fig. P5.68 m1= 20.0 kg and Î± = 53.1o. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline is Î¼k= 0.40. What must be the mass of the hanging block
In Fig. P5.34 block A has mass m and block B has mass 6.00 kg. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the tabletop is Î¼k= 0.40. The mass of the rope connecting the
A 6.00-kg box sits on a ramp that is inclined at 37.0o above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the ramp is μk = 0.30. What horizontal force is required to move
Two boxes connected by a light horizontal rope are on a horizontal surface, as shown in Fig. P5.35. The coefficient of kinetic friction between each box and the surface is Î¼k= 0.30. One
A 5.00-kg box sits at rest at the bottom of a ramp that is 8.00 m long and that is inclined at 30.0o above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is μk = 0.40, and the coefficient
A 3.00-kg box that is several hundred meters above the surface of the earth is suspended from the end of a short vertical rope of negligible mass. A time-dependent upward force is applied to the
People (especially the elderly) who are prone to falling can wear hip pads to cushion the impact on their hip from a fall. Experiments have shown that if the speed at impact can be reduced to 1.3 m/s
People who do chin-ups raise their chin just over a bar (the chinning bar), supporting themselves with only their arms. Typically, the body below the arms is raised by about 30 cm in a time of 1.0 s,
While a person is walking, his arms swing through approximately a 45° angle in ½ s. As a reasonable approximation, we can assume that the arm moves with constant speed during each swing. A typical
Consider the system shown in Fig. E5.34. Block A weighs 45.0 N and block B weighs 25.0 N. Once block B is set into downward motion, it descends at a constant speed.(a) Calculate the coefficient of
A pickup truck is carrying a toolbox, but the rear gate of the truck is missing, so the box will slide out if it is set moving. The coefficients of kinetic and static friction between the box and the
Some sliding rocks approach the base of a hill with a speed of 12 m/s. The hill rises at 36° above the horizontal and has coefficients of kinetic and static friction of 0.45 and 0.65, respectively,
In emergencies with major blood loss, the doctor will order the patient placed in the Trendelenburg position, in which the foot of the bed is raised to get maximum blood flow to the brain. If the
A 5.00-kg crate is suspended from the end of a short vertical rope of negligible mass. An upward force F(t) is applied to the end of the rope, and the height of the crate above its initial position
A 2.00-kg box is moving to the right with speed on a horizontal, friction less surface. At a horizontal force is applied to the box. The force is directed to the left and has magnitude F(t) = (6.00
An average person can reach a maximum height of about 60 cm when jumping straight up from a crouched position. During the jump itself, the person’s body from the knees up typically rises a distance
Three sleds are being pulled horizontally on friction less horizontal ice using horizontal ropes (Fig. E5.14). The pull is of magnitude 125 N. Find(a) The acceleration of the system and(b) The
An astronaut is inside a 2.25 × 106 kg rocket that is blasting off vertically from the launch pad. You want this rocket to reach the speed of sound (331 m/s) as quickly as possible, but you also do
In the treatment of spine injuries, it is often necessary to provide some tension along the spinal column to stretch the backbone. One device for doing this is the Stryker frame, illustrated in Fig.
Sam heaves a 16-lb shot straight upward, giving it a constant upward acceleration from rest of 35.0 m/s2 for 64.0 cm. He releases it 2.20 m above the ground.You may ignore air resistance.(a) What is
On Planet X, you drop a 25-kg stone from rest and measure its speed at various times. Then you use the data you obtained to construct a graph of its speed as a function of time t (Fig. P2.78). From
All the stars of the Big Dipper (part of the constellation Ursa Major) may appear to be the same distance from the earth, but in fact they are very far from each other. Figure P1.101 shows the
The Mars Polar Lander spacecraft was launched on January 3, 1999. On December 3, 1999, the day Mars Polar Lander touched down on the Martian surface, the positions of the earth and Mars were given by
The scalar product of vectors A and B is +48.0 m2. Vector A has magnitude 9.00 m and direction 28.0o west of south. If vector B has direction 39.0o south of east, what is the magnitude of B?
Vector A has magnitude 6.00 m and vector B has magnitude 3.00 m. The vector product between these two vectors has magnitude 12.0 m2. What are the two possible values for the scalar product of these
When two vectors A and B are drawn from a common point, the angle between them is É¸.(a) Using vector techniques, show that the magnitude of their vector sum is given by(b) If A and B
Vector A has magnitude 12.0 m and vector B has magnitude 16.0 m. The scalar product A ∙ B is 90.0 m2. What is the magnitude of the vector product between these two vectors?
Vectors A and B have scalar product -6.00 and their vector product has magnitude +9.00. What is the angle between these two vectors?
John, Paul, and George are standing in a strawberry field. Paul is 14.0 m due west of John. George is 36.0 m from Paul, in a direction 37.0o south of east from Paul’s location. How far is George
Ricardo and Jane are standing under a tree in the middle of a pasture. An argument ensues, and they walk away in different directions. Ricardo walks 26.0 m in a direction 60.0o west of north. Jane
A dog in an open field runs 12.0 m east and then 28.0 m in a direction 50.0o west of north. In what direction and how far must the dog then run to end up 10.0 m south of her original starting point?
A fence post is 52.0 m from where you are standing, in a direction 37.0o north of east. A second fence post is due south from you. What is the distance of the second post from you, if the distance
We say an object is in equilibrium if all the forces on it balance (add up to zero). Figure P1.75 shows a beam weighing 124 N that is supported in equilibrium by a 100.0-N pull and a force F at the
Dislocated Shoulder. A patient with a dislocated shoulder is put into a traction apparatus as shown in Fig. P1.73. The pulls and have equal magnitudes and must combine to produce an outward traction
A rocket fires two engines simultaneously. One produces a thrust of 480 N directly forward, while the other gives a 513-N thrust at 32.4o above the forward direction. Find the magnitude and direction
(a) Find the magnitude and direction of the vector R that is the sum of the three vectors A, B, and C in Fig. E1.28. In a diagram, show how is formed from these three vectors.(b) Find the magnitude
Three horizontal ropes pull on a large stone stuck in the ground, producing the vector forces A, B, and C shown in Fig. P1.66. Find the magnitude and direction of a fourth force on the stone that
Two workers pull horizontally on a heavy box, but one pulls twice as hard as the other. The larger pull is directed at 25.0° west of north, and the resultant of these two pulls is 460.0 N directly
A rectangular piece of aluminum is 7.60 ± 0.01 cm long and 1.90 ± 0.01 cm wide.(a) Find the area of the rectangle and the uncertainty in the area.(b) Verify that the fractional uncertainty in the
Vector A is 2.80 cm long and is 60.0oabove the x-axis in the first quadrant. Vector is 1.90 cm long and is below the x-axis in the fourth quadrant (Fig. E1.39). Use components to find the
A disoriented physics professor drives 3.25 km north, then 2.90 km west, and then 1.50 km south. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement, using the method of components. In a
Vector A is in the direction 34.0o clockwise from the –y-axis. The x-component of A is Ax = – 16.0 m.(a) What is the of A?(b) What is the magnitude of A?
Vector A has y-component Ay = +13.0 m. A makes an angle of 32.0o counterclockwise from the y-axis.(a) What is the x-component of A?(b) What is the magnitude of A?
Compute the x- and y-components of the vectors A, B, C, and D in Fig. E1.28.Figure E1.28: B (15.0 m) 30.0 ° Ď (10.0 m) 53.0 25.0 Ċ (12.0 m) VÄ (8.00 m)
(a) The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of the trace metal magnesium is 410 mg/day for males. Express this quantity in μg/day.(b) For adults, the RDA of the amino acid lysine is 12 mg per kg of
Breathing Oxygen. The density of air under standard laboratory conditions 1.29 kg/m3 is and about 20% of that air consists of oxygen. Typically, people breathe about ½ L of air per breath.(a) How

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