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university physics

Questions and Answers of University Physics

A continuous succession of sinusoidal wave pulses are produced at one end of a very long string and travel along the length of the string. The wave has frequency 70.0 Hz, amplitude 5.00 mm, and
A 1.80-m-long uniform bar that weighs 536 N is suspended in a horizontal position by two vertical wires that are attached to the ceiling. One wire is aluminum and the other is cop-per. The aluminum
For a string stretched between two supports, two successive standing-wave frequencies are 525 Hz and 630 Hz. There are other standing-wave frequencies lower than 525 Hz and higher than 630 Hz. If the
(a) Music. When a person sings, his or her vocal cords vibrate in a repetitive pattern that has the same frequency as the note that is sung. If someone sings the note B flat, which has a frequency of
An object is undergoing SHM with period 0.900 s and amplitude 0.320 m. At t = 0 the object is at x = 0.320 m and is instantaneously at rest. Calculate the time it takes the object to go(a) From x =
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, friction less surface. When the block is at x = 0.280 m, the acceleration of the block is –5.30 m/s2. What is the
The point of the needle of a sewing machine moves in SHM along the x-axis with a frequency of 2.5 Hz. At t = 0 its position and velocity components are +1.1 cm –15 cm/s. and respectively.(a) Find
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, frictionless surface. When the amplitude of the motion is 0.090 m, it takes the block 2.70 s to travel from x =
In February 2004, scientists at Purdue University used a highly sensitive technique to measure the mass of a vaccinia virus (the kind used in smallpox vaccine). The procedure involved measuring the
For the oscillating object in Fig. E14.4, what are(a) Its maximum speed and(b) Its maximum acceleration?Figure E14.4: х (ст) 10.0 t (s) A0.0 15.0 5.0 -10.0
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, friction-less surface. The amplitude of the motion is 0.120 m. The maximum speed of the block is 3.90 m s. What is
A mass m is attached to a spring of force constant 75 N m and allowed to oscillate. Figure E14.34 shows a graph of its velocity as a function of time t. Find(a) The period,(b) The frequency,(c) The
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, friction-less surface. The amplitude of the motion is 0.250 m and the period is 3.20 s. What are the speed and
A mass is oscillating with amplitude A at the end of a spring. How far (in terms of A) is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic
A 2.50-kg rock is attached at the end of a thin, very light rope 1.45 m long. You start it swinging by releasing it when the rope makes an 11° angle with the vertical. You record the observation
The motion of an under-damped oscillator is described by Eq. (14.42). Let the phase angle ɸ be zero.(a) According to this equation, what is the value of x at t = 0?(b) What are the magnitude and
A mass is vibrating at the end of a spring of force constant 225 N/m. Figure E14.62 shows a graph of its position x as a function of time t.(a) At what times is the mass not moving?(b) How much
A sinusoidally varying driving force is applied to a damped harmonic oscillator.(a) What are the units of the damping constant b?(b) Show that the quantity ˆškm has the same units as
Four passengers with combined mass 250 kg compress the springs of a car with worn-out shock absorbers by 4.00 cm when they get in. Model the car and passengers as a single body on a single ideal
A child with poor table manners is sliding his 250-g dinner plate back and forth in SHM with an amplitude of 0.100 m on a horizontal surface. At a point 0.060 m away from equilibrium, the speed of
Tarzan spies a 35-kg chimpanzee in severe danger, so he swings to the rescue. He adjusts his strong, but very light, vine so that he will first come to rest 4.0 s after beginning his swing, at which
A square object of mass m is constructed of four identical uniform thin sticks, each of length L, attached together. This object is hung on a hook at its upper corner (Fig. P14.79). If it is rotated
Two uniform solid spheres, each with mass and radius R = 0.0800 m, are connected by a short, light rod that is along a diameter of each sphere and are at rest on a horizontal tabletop. A spring with
A rifle bullet with mass 8.00 g and initial horizontal velocity 280 m/s strikes and embeds itself in a block with mass 0.992 kg that rests on a friction-less surface and is attached to one end of an
The most efficient way to send a spacecraft from the earth to another planet is by using a Hohmann transfer orbit (Fig. P13.87). If the orbits of the departure and destination planets are circular,
An unmanned spacecraft is in a circular orbit around the moon, observing the lunar surface from an altitude of 50.0 km (see Appendix F). To the dismay of scientists on earth, an electrical fault
The asteroid Toro has a radius of about 5.0 km. Consult Appendix F as necessary.(a) Assuming that the density of Toro is the same as that of the earth (5.5 g/cm3), find its total mass and find the
On December 25, 2004, the Huygens probe separated from the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn and began a 22-day journey to Saturn€™s giant moon Titan, on whose surface it landed. Besides
(a) Use data from Appendix F to calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the moon.(b) Calculate the friction force on a walking 65-kg astronaut carrying a 43-kg instrument pack on the moon if the
As shown in Fig. E10.20, a string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 0.0800 m and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is pulled upward in just the right way so
You decide to visit Santa Claus at the north pole to put in a good word about your splendid behavior throughout the year. While there, you notice that the elf Sneezy, when hanging from a rope,
A piece of wood is 0.600 m long, 0.250 m wide, and 0.080 m thick. Its density is 700 kg/m3. What volume of lead must be fastened underneath it to sink the wood in calm water so that its top is just
When an open-faced boat has a mass of 5750 kg, including its cargo and passengers, it floats with the water just up to the top of its gunwales (sides) on a freshwater lake.(a) What is the volume of
An open cylindrical tank of acid rests at the edge of a table 1.4 m above the floor of the chemistry lab. If this tank springs a small hole in the side at its base, how far from the foot of the table
A firehose must be able to shoot water to the top of a building 28.0 m tall when aimed straight up. Water enters this hose at a steady rate of and shoots out of a round nozzle.(a) What is the maximum
Block A in Fig. P12.74 hangs by a cord from spring balance D and is submerged in a liquid C contained in beaker B. The mass of the beaker is 1.00 kg; the mass of the liquid is 1.80 kg. Balance D
A closed and elevated vertical cylindrical tank with diameter 2.00 m contains water to a depth of 0.800 m. A worker accidently pokes a circular hole with diameter 0.0200 m in the bottom of the tank.
A block of balsa wood placed in one scale pan of an equalarm balance is exactly balanced by a 0.115-kg brass mass in the other scale pan. Find the true mass of the balsa wood if its density is 150
A plastic ball has radius 12.0 cm and floats in water with 24.0% of its volume submerged.(a) What force must you apply to the ball to hold it at rest totally below the surface of the water?(b) If you
A cylindrical container of an in-compressible liquid with density Ï rotates with constant angular speed Ï‰ about its axis of symmetry, which we take to be the y-axis (Fig.
A 0.180-kg cube of ice (frozen water) is floating in glycerine. The gylcerine is in a tall cylinder that has inside radius 3.50 cm. The level of the glycerine is well below the top of the cylinder.
(a) As you can tell by watching them in an aquarium, fish are able to remain at any depth in water with no effort. What does this ability tell you about their density?(b) Fish are able to inflate
Viscous blood is flowing through an artery partially clogged by cholesterol. A surgeon wants to remove enough of the cholesterol to double the flow rate of blood through this artery. If the original
A pressure difference of 6.00 × 104 Pa is required to maintain a volume flow rate of 0.800 m3/s for a viscous fluid flowing through a section of cylindrical pipe that has radius 0.210 m? What
A medical technician is trying to determine what percentage of a patient’s artery is blocked by plaque. To do this, she measures the blood pressure just before the region of blockage and finds that
At a point where an irrigation canal having a rectangular cross section is 18.5 m wide and 3.75 m deep, the water flows at 2.50 cm s. At a point downstream, but on the same level, the canal is 16.5 m
You need to extend a 2.50-inch-diameter pipe, but you have only a 1.00-inch-diameter pipe on hand. You make a fitting to connect these pipes end to end. If the water is flowing at 6.00 cm s in the
For the hydraulic lift shown in Fig. 12.7, what must be the ratio of the diameter of the vessel at the car to the diameter of the vessel where the force F1is applied so that a 1520-kg car can be
If the force on the tympanic membrane (eardrum) increases by about 1.5 N above the force from atmospheric pressure, the membrane can be damaged. When you go scuba diving in the ocean, below what
(a) What is the difference between the pressure of the blood in your brain when you stand on your head and the pressure when you stand on your feet? Assume that you are 1.85 m tall. The density of
A cube 5.0 cm on each side is made of a metal alloy. After you drill a cylindrical hole 2.0 cm in diameter all the way through and perpendicular to one face, you find that the cube weighs 7.50 N.(a)
A narrow, U-shaped glass tube with open ends is filled with 25.0 cm of oil (of specific gravity 0.80) and 25.0 cm of water on opposite sides, with a barrier separating the liquids (Fig.
A wire of length I0and cross-sectional area A supports a hanging weight W.(a) Show that if the wire obeys Eq. (11.7), it behaves like a spring of force constant AY/I0, where Y is Young€™s
As part of an exercise program, a 75-kg person does toe raises in which he raises his entire body weight on the ball of one foot (Fig. P11.63). The Achilles tendon pulls straight upward on the heel
A uniform, 7.5-m-long beam weighing 5860 N is hinged to a wall and supported by a thin cable attached 1.5 m from the free end of the beam. The cable runs between the beam and the wall and makes a
In a simplified version of the musculature action in leg raises, the abdominal muscles pull on the femur (thigh bone) to raise the leg by pivoting it about one end (Fig. P11.57). When you are lying
A therapist tells a 74-kg patient with a broken leg that he must have his leg in a cast suspended horizontally. For minimum discomfort, the leg should be supported by a vertical strap attached at the
A museum of modern art is displaying an irregular 426-N sculpture by hanging it from two thin vertical wires, A and B, that are 1.25 m apart (Fig. P11.54). The center of gravity of this piece of art
End A of the bar AB in Fig. P11.53 rests on a frictionless horizontal surface, and end B is hinged. A horizontal force F of magnitude 160 N is exerted on end A. You can ignore the weight of the bar.
A claw hammer is used to pull a nail out of a board (Fig. P11.52). The nail is at an angle of 60Âº to the board, and a force F1of magnitude 400 N applied to the nail is required to pull it
A copper cube measures 6.00 cm on each side. The bottom face is held in place by very strong glue to a flat horizontal surface, while a horizontal force F is applied to the upper face parallel to one
In the Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench, the depth of seawater is 10.9 km and the pressure is (about 1.15 Ã— 103atm).(a) If a cubic meter of water is taken from the surface to this
The bulk modulus for bone is 15 GPa.(a) If a diver-in-training is put into a pressurized suit, by how much would the pressure have to be raised (in atmospheres) above atmospheric pressure to compress
A uniform rod is 2.00 m long and has mass 1.80 kg. A 2.40-kg clamp is attached to the rod. How far should the center of gravity of the clamp be from the left-hand end of the rod in order for the
A block with mass m is revolving with linear speed v1in a circle of radius r1on a frictionless horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The string is slowly pulled from below until the radius of the
Tarzan has foolishly gotten himself into another scrape with the animals and must be rescued once again by Jane. The 60.0-kg Jane starts from rest at a height of 5.00 m in the trees and swings down
A uniform marble rolls without slipping down the path shown in Fig. P10.80, starting from rest. (a) Find the minimum height h required for the marble not to fall into the pit.(b) The moment of
A basketball (which can be closely modeled as a hollow spherical shell) rolls down a mountainside into a valley and then up the opposite side, starting from rest at a height H0above the bottom. In
Starting from rest, a constant force F = 100 N is applied to the free end of a 50-m cable wrapped around the outer rim of a uniform solid cylinder, similar to the situation shown in Fig. 10.9(a). The
In November 2003, the now-most-distant-known object in the solar system was discovered by observation with a telescope on Mt. Palomar. This object, known as Sedna, is approximately 1700 km in
A uniform, 4.5-kg, square, solid wooden gate 1.5 m on each side hangs vertically from a frictionless pivot at the center of its upper edge. A 1.1-kg raven flying horizontally at 5.0 m/s flies into
A thin uniform rod has a length of 0.500 m and is rotating in a circle on a frictionless table. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the length of the rod at one end and is stationary. The rod
A small block on a frictionless, horizontal surface has a mass of 0.0250 kg. It is attached to a massless cord passing through a hole in the surface (Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth in a circular orbit around the sun. Is it reasonable to model it as a particle?(b) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of
A size-5 soccer ball of diameter 22.6 cm and mass 426 g rolls up a hill without slipping, reaching a maximum height of 5.00 m above the base of the hill. We can model this ball as a thin-walled
A bicycle racer is going downhill at 11.0 m/s when, to his horror, one of his 2.25-kg wheels comes off as he is 75.0 m above the foot of the hill. We can model the wheel as a thin-walled cylinder
A uniform disk with mass 40.0 kg and radius 0.200 m is pivoted at its center about a horizontal, frictionless axle that is stationary. The disk is initially at rest, and then a constant force F =
In Fig. E10.7, forces A, B, C, and D each have magnitude 50 N and act at the same point on the object.(a) What torque (magnitude and direction) does each of these forces exert on the object about
A metal bar is in the xy-plane with one end of the bar at the origin. A force F = (7.00 N)î + (–3.00 N)ĵ is applied to the bar at the point x = 3.00 m, y = 4.00 m.(a) In terms of unit vectors
A sphere with radius R = 0.200 m has density that decreases with distance r from the center of the sphere according to ρ = 3.00 × 103 kg/m3 – (9.00 × 103 kg/m4)r.(a) Calculate the total mass of
Using Problem 9.93 as a guide, apply it to a person running at 12 km h, with his arms and legs each swinging through ± 30º in ½ s. As before, assume that the arms and legs are kept
If a person of mass M simply moved forward with speed V, his kinetic energy would be 1/2 MV2, However, in addition to possessing a forward motion, various parts of his body (such as the arms and
A dancer is spinning at 72 rpm about an axis through her center with her arms outstretched, as shown in Fig. P9.92. From biomedical measurements, the typical distribution of mass in a human body is
In the system shown in Fig. 9.17, a 12.0-kg mass is released from rest and falls, causing the uniform 10.0-kg cylinder of diameter 30.0 cm to turn about a frictionless axle through its center. How
A thin, light wire is wrapped around the rim of a wheel, as shown in Fig. E9.49. The wheel rotates about a stationary horizontal axle that passes through the center of the wheel. The wheel has radius
The pulley in Fig. P9.84 has radius 0.160 m and moment of inertia 0.560 kg ˆ™ m2. The rope does not slip on the pulley rim. Use energy methods to calculate the speed of the 4.00-kg block
A meter stick with a mass of 0.180 kg is pivoted about one end so it can rotate without friction about a horizontal axis. The meter stick is held in a horizontal position and released. As it swings
As an intern with an engineering firm, you are asked to measure the moment of inertia of a large wheel, for rotation about an axis through its center. Since you were a good physics student, you know
A vacuum cleaner belt is looped over a shaft of radius 0.45 cm and a wheel of radius 1.80 cm. The arrangement of the belt, shaft, and wheel is similar to that of the chain and sprockets in Fig. Q9.4.
A classic 1957 Chevrolet Corvette of mass 1240 kg starts from rest and speeds up with a constant tangential acceleration of 2.00 m/s2 on a circular test track of radius 60.0 m. Treat the car as a
A disk of radius 25.0 cm is free to turn about an axle perpendicular to it through its center. It has very thin but strong string wrapped around its rim, and the string is attached to a ball that is
A uniform disk with radius R = 0.400 and mass 30.0 kg rotates in a horizontal plane on a frictionless vertical axle that passes through the center of the disk. The angle through which the disk has
A flywheel has angular acceleration αz(t) = 8.60 rad/s2 – (2.30 rads/s3)t, where counterclockwise rotation is positive.(a) If the flywheel is at rest at t = 0, what is its angular velocity at 5.00
A thin, light wire is wrapped around the rim of a wheel, as shown in Fig. E9.49. The wheel rotates without friction about a stationary horizontal axis that passes through the center of the wheel. The
A bucket of mass m is tied to a massless cable that is wrapped around the outer rim of a frictionless uniform pulley of radius R, similar to the system shown in Fig. E9.47. In terms of the stated
A frictionless pulley has the shape of a uniform solid disk of mass 2.50 kg and radius 20.0 cm. A 1.50-kg stone is attached to a very light wire that is wrapped around the rim of the pulley (Fig.
Suppose the solid cylinder in the apparatus described in Example 9.8 (Section 9.4) is replaced by a thin-walled, hollow cylinder with the same mass M and radius R. The cylinder is attached to the
A hollow spherical shell has mass 8.20 kg and radius 0.220 m. It is initially at rest and then rotates about a stationary axis that lies along a diameter with a constant acceleration of 0.890 rad/s2.
A uniform sphere with mass 28.0 kg and radius 0.380 m is rotating at constant angular velocity about a stationary axis that lies along a diameter of the sphere. If the kinetic energy of the sphere is
A wheel is turning about an axis through its center with constant angular acceleration. Starting from rest, at t = 0, the wheel turns through 8.20 revolutions in 12.0 s. At t = 12.0 s the kinetic

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