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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of \(150 \mathrm{mV}\) for a short time. For a total voltage of \(450 \mathrm{~V}\), how many electrocytes must be connected in series?A.
An electric eel produces a pulse of current of \(0.80 \mathrm{~A}\) at a voltage of \(500 \mathrm{~V}\). For the short time of the pulse, what is the instantaneous power?A. \(400 \mathrm{~W}\)B.
Electric eels live in fresh water. The torpedo ray is an electric fish that lives in salt water. The electrocytes in the ray are grouped differently than in the eel; each stack of electrocytes has
The electric catfish is another electric fish that produces a voltage pulse by means of stacks of electrocytes. As the fish grows in length, the magnitude of the voltage pulse the fish produces grows
An elec1ric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences no net force, but it does experience a net torque. The rotation of this dipole will be.A. Clockwise.B. Counterclockwise. E 103 -9 ++q
Does the compass needle rotate?A. Yes, clockwise.B. Yes, counterclockwise.C. No, not at all. Positively charged rod Pivot
A compass is placed next to a bar magnet as shown. Which figure shows the correct alignment of the compass? S A. N S N B. C. D.
The figure shows an edge view of a current loop. Using what you've learned in Figure 24.15, which arrow gives the direction of the field in the center of the loop? D A B
A. compass is placed above a long wire. When a large current is turned on in the direction shown, in which direction will the compass point? I A. B. 7 C. D.
Table 24.1 shows that the strength of the magnetic field 1 cm from a wire carrying a 10 A current is 4 times the earth's field. Referring to Figure 24. 18 for guidance, at what distance from the wire
An investigator has made a solenoid by wrapping 100 turns of wire on a tube that is 10 cm long and 2 cm in diameter. The power supply is providing as much current as it can, but a stronger field is
These charged particles are traveling in circular orbits with velocities and field directions as noted. Which particles have a negative charge? x X x A. B. C. D.
Four wires carry currents in the directions shown. A uniform magnetic field is directed into the paper as shown. Which wire experiences a force to the left? x X x x X roa X TRO x X X B. C. pyright
Which way will this current loop rotate?A. Clockwise.B. Counterclockwise.C. The loop will not rotate. B 100
A chain of paper clips is hung from a permanent magnet. Which diagram shows the correct induced pole structure of the paper clips? A. B. S C. S S Z Z N Z SS ZN S S NS NS Z SZ SZ S
In Figure Q24.1, suppose the magnet on the right is fixed in place and the magnet on the left is free to pivot about its center. Will the magnet on the left start to rotate? If so, will it initially
You have a bar magnet whose poles are not marked. How can you find which pole is north and which is south by using only a piece of string?
If you were standing directly at the earth's north magnetic pole, in what direction would a compass point if it were free to swivel in any direction? Explain.
If you took a sample of magnetotactic bacteria from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere, would you expect them to survive? Explain.
An electron is moving in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field. Is the kinetic energy of the electron changing? Explain.
One long solenoid is placed inside another solenoid. Both solenoids have the same length and the same number of turns of wire, but the outer solenoid has twice the diameter of the inner solenoid.
Describe the force on the charged particles after they enter the magnetic fields shown in Figure Q24.16. (a) Copyri FIGURE Q24.16 (b) 111
An electron and a proton are moving in circular orbits in the earth's magnetic field, high above the earth's atmosphere. The two particles move at the same speed. Which particle takes more time to
A proton moves in a region of uniform magnetic field, as shown in Figure Q24.23. The velocity at one instant is shown. Will the subsequent motion be a clockwise or counterclockwise orbit? FIGURE
An unmagnetized metal sphere hangs by a thread. When the north pole of a bar magnet is brought near, the sphere is strongly attracted to the magnet, as shown in Figure Q24.29. Then the magnet is
If If a compass is placed above a current-carrying wire, as in Figure Q24.30, the needle will line up with the field of the wire. Which of the views shows the correct orientation of the needle for
Four particles of identical charge and mass enter a region of uniform magnetic field and follow the trajectories shown in Figure Q24.33. Which particle has the highest velocity? FIGURE Q24.33 A. B.
If all of the particles shown in Figure Q24.33 are electrons, what is the direction of the magnetic field that produced the indicated deflection?A. Up.B. Down.C. Out of the plane of the paper.D. Into
Table 24.1 notes that the magnetic field \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a wire carrying a 1 A current is \(2 \mu \mathrm{T}\). What is the field \(1 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the wire? TABLE 24.1 Typical
Use the data from Table 24.1 to determine at what approximate distance from a wire carrying a current of \(10 \mathrm{~A}\) the magnetic field strength would equal that of a refrigerator magnet.
For a particular scientific experiment, it is important to be completely isolated from any magnetic field, including the earth's field. The earth's field is approximately \(50 \mu \mathrm{T}\), but
Two wires carry equal currents in opposite directions, as in Figure P24.5. The field is \(2.0 \mathrm{mT}\) at a point below the lower wire. What are the strength and direction of the field at point
An investigator places a sample \(1.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a wire carrying a large current; the strength of the magnetic field has a particular value at this point. Later, she must move the sample to
Although the evidence is weak, there has been concern in recent years over possible health effects from the magnetic fields generated by transmission lines. A typical high-voltage transmission line
Two concentric current loops lie in the same plane. The smaller loop has a radius of \(3.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) and a current of \(12 \mathrm{~A}\). The bigger loop has a current of \(20 \mathrm{~A}\). The
What is the magnetic field at the center of the loop in Figure P24.17?Figure P24.17 2.0 cm 5.0 A
We have seen that the heart produces a magnetic field that can be used to diagnose problems with the heart. The magnetic field of the heart is a dipole field produced by a loop current in the outer
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the electron moves in a circular orbit of radius \(5.3 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~m}\) with speed \(2.2 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). According to
A proton moves with a speed of \(1.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in the directions shown in Figure P24.22. A \(0.50 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field points in the positive \(x\)-direction.
An electron moves with a speed of \(1.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in the directions shown in Figure P24.23. A \(0.50 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field points in the positive
The aurora is caused when electrons and protons, moving in the earth's magnetic field of \(\approx 5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~T}\), collide with molecules of the atmosphere and cause them to glow.
Problem 24.25 describes two particles that orbit the earth's magnetic field lines. What is the frequency of the circular orbit fora. An electron with speed \(1.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} /
A muon (a charged particle with a mass between that of an electron and a proton that is found in cosmic rays) follows a circular orbit in earth's \(50 \mu \mathrm{T}\) field at a frequency of \(6.8
Charged particles orbit magnetic field lines in the space above Mars just as they do in the space above earth, but Mars's magnetic field is much weaker so the period of an orbit is much longer. One
The microwaves in a microwave oven are produced in a special tube called a magnetron. The electrons orbit in a magnetic field at a frequency of \(2.4 \mathrm{GHz}\), and as they do so they emit 2.4
A cyclotron is used to produce a beam of high-energy deuterons that then collide with a target to produce radioactive\(\mathbb{N T}\) isotopes for a medical procedure. Deuterons are nuclei of
A medical cyclotron used in the production of medical isotopes accelerates protons to \(6.5 \mathrm{MeV}\). The magnetic field in the cyclotron is \(1.2 \mathrm{~T}\).a. What is the diameter of the
People have proposed driving motors with the earth's magnetic field. This is possible in principle, but the small field means that unrealistically large currents are needed to produce noticeable
All ferromagnetic materials have a Curie temperature, a temperature above which they will cease to be magnetic. Explain in some detail why you might expect this to be so.
A solenoid is near a piece of iron, as shown in Figure P24.43. When a current is present in the solenoid, a magnetic field is created. This magnetic field will magnetize the iron, and there will be a
A device called a railgun uses the magnetic force on currents to launch projectiles at very high speeds. An idealized model of a railgun is illustrated in Figure P24.48. A \(1.2 \mathrm{~V}\) power
Irrigation channels that require regular flow monitoring are often equipped with electromagnetic flowmeters in which the magnetic field is produced by horizontal coils embedded in the bottom of the
Typical blood velocities in the coronary arteries range from 10 to \(30 \mathrm{~cm} / \mathrm{s}\). An electromagnetic flowmeter applies a magnetic\(\mathbb{N T}\) field of \(0.25 \mathrm{~T}\) to a
A power line consists of two wires, each carrying a current of \(400 \mathrm{~A}\) in the same direction. The lines are perpendicular to the earth's magnetic field and are separated by a distance of
Consider the long rectangular loop in Figure P24.52. If you pass a 1 A current FIGURE P24.52 through the loop, there is a repulsive force between the two long sides of the loop. If the current is
Bats are capable of navigating using the earth's field-a plus for an animal that may fly great distances from its roost at night. If, while sleeping during the day, bats are exposed to a field of a
At the equator, the earth's field is essentially horizontal; near the north pole, it is nearly vertical. In between, the angle varies. As you move farther north, the dip angle, the angle of the
Internal components of cathode-ray-tube televisions and computer monitors can become magnetized; the resulting magnetic field can deflect the electron beam and distort the colors on the screen.
A 1.0-m-long, 1.0-mm-diameter copper wire carries a current of 50.0 A to the east. Suppose we create a magnetic field that produces an upward force on the wire exactly equal in magnitude to the
A long, straight wire with a linear mass density of \(50 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{m}\) is suspended by threads, as shown in Figure P24.58. There is a uniform magnetic field pointing vertically downward.
Assuming the particle in Figure P24.59 is positively charged, what are the directions of the forces due to the electric field and to the magnetic field?A. The force due to the electric field is
How does the kinetic energy of the particle in Figure P24.59 change as it traverses the velocity selector?A. The kinetic energy increases.B. The kinetic energy does not change.C. The kinetic energy
Suppose a particle with twice the velocity of the particle in Figure P24.59 enters the velocity selector. The path of this particle will curveA. Upward.B. Downward.C. Out of the plane of the paper.D.
Next, a particle with the same mass and velocity as the particle in Figure P24.59 enters the velocity selector. This particle has a charge of \(2 q\)-twice the charge of the particle in Figure
What is the direction of the magnetic force on a singly ionized negative chlorine ion moving in this ocean current?A. EastB. WestC. UpD. DownThe ocean is salty because it contains many dissolved
What is the magnitude of the force on this ion?A. \(2.8 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~N}\)B. \(2.4 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~N}\)C. \(1.6 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~N}\)D. \(1.4 \times 10^{-23}
What magnitude electric field is necessary to exactly balance this magnetic force?A. \(1.8 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\)B. \(1.5 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\)C. \(1.0 \times
The electric field produces a potential difference. If you place one electrode \(10 \mathrm{~m}\) below the surface of the water, you will measure the greatest potential difference if you place the
In the spectrometer shown in Figure P24.67, do the ions have positive or negative charge?A. PositiveB. Negative.If you have a sample of unknown composition, a first step at analysis might be a
The moving ions can be thought of as a current loop, and it will produce its own magnetic field. The direction of this field at the center of the particles' circular orbit is A. In the same direction
Why is it important that the ions have a known speed?A. The radius of the orbit depends on the mass, the charge, and the speed. If the charge and the speed are the same, the orbit depends on only the
A mass spectrometer similar to the one in Figure P24.67 is designed to analyze biological samples. Molecules in the sample are singly ionized, then they enter a \(0.80 \mathrm{~T}\) uniform magnetic
A microwave oven uses 2.4 GHz electromagnetic waves. A cell phone uses electromagnetic waves at a slightly lower 1.9 GHz frequency. What can you say about the wavelengths of the two?A. The waves from
A square conductor moves through a uniform magnetic field directed out of the page. Which of the figures shows the correct charge distribution on the conductor? +++++ +++++ A. B. +++++ 11111 +++++ D.
A magnet is below a coil, as shown at right.Referring to Figure 25.13 for guidance, what is the direction of the induced current in the coil if• The magnet is moving toward the coil?• The magnet
As a coil moves to the right at constant speed, it passes over the north pole of a magnet and then moves beyond it. Which graph best represents the current in the loop for the time of the motion? A
A loop of wire rests in a region of uniform magnetic field. The magnitude o( the field is increasing, thus inducing a current in the loop. Which of the following changes to the situation would make
Unpolarized light of equal intensity is incident on four pairs of polarizing filters. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the intensities IA to ID transmitted through the second polarizer of
Two FM radio stations emit radio waves at frequencies of 90.5 MHz and 107.9 MHz. Each station emits the same total power. If you think of the radio waves as photons, which station emits the larger
A group of four stars, all the same size, have the four different surface temperatures given below. Which of these stars emits the most red light?A. 3000 K B. 4000 K C. 5000 K D. 6000 K
Figure Q25.4 shows four different loops in a magnetic field. The numbers indicate the lengths of the sides and the strength of the field. Rank in order the magnetic fluxes \(\Phi_{1}\) through
Figure Q25.5 shows four different circular loops that are perpendicular to the page. The radius of loops 3 and 4 is twice that of loops 1 and 2. The magnetic field is the same for each. Rank in order
A circular loop rotates at constant speed about an axle through the center of the loop. Figure Q25.6 shows an edge view and defines the angle \(\phi\), which increases from \(0^{\circ}\) to
The conducting loop in Figure Q25.11 is moving into the region between the magnetic poles shown.a. Is the induced current (viewed from above) clockwise or counterclockwise?b. Is there an attractive
Figure Q25.12 shows two concentric, conducting loops. We will define a counterclockwise current (viewed from above) to be positive, a clockwise current to be negative. The graph shows the current in
Figure Q25.13 shows conducting loops next to each other. We will define a counterclockwise current (viewed from above) to be positive, a clockwise current to be negative. The graph shows the current
A metal wire is resting on a \(U\)-shaped conducting rail, as shown in Figure Q25.18. The rail is fixed in position, but the wire is free to move.a. If the magnetic field is increasing in strength,
An AM radio detects the oscillating magnetic field of the radio wave with an antenna consisting of a coil of wire wrapped around a ferrite bar, as shown in Figure Q25.21. Ferrite is a magnetic
Three laser beams have wavelengths \(\lambda_{1}=400 \mathrm{~nm}, \lambda_{2}=\) \(600 \mathrm{~nm}\), and \(\lambda_{3}=800 \mathrm{~nm}\). The power of each laser beam is \(1 \mathrm{~W}\).a. Rank
A circular loop of wire has an area of \(0.30 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\). It is tilted by \(45^{\circ}\) with respect to a uniform \(0.40 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field. What is the magnetic flux through the
In Figure Q25.27, a square loop is rotating in the plane of the page around an axis through its center. A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. What is the direction of the induced
A diamond-shaped loop of wire is pulled at a constant velocity through a region where the magnetic field is directed into the paper in the left half and is zero in the right half, as shown in Figure
Figure Q25.29 shows a triangular loop of wire in a uniform magnetic field. If the field strength changes from 0.30 to \(0.10 \mathrm{~T}\) in \(50 \mathrm{~ms}\), what is the induced emf in the
A device called a flip coil can be used to measure the earth's magnetic field. The coil has 100 turns and an area of \(0.010 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\). It is oriented with its plane perpendicular to the
The electromagnetic waves that carry FM radio range in frequency from \(87.9 \mathrm{MHz}\) to \(107.9 \mathrm{MHz}\). What is the range of wavelengths of these radio waves?A. \(500-750
The beam from a laser is focused with a lens, reducing the area of the beam by a factor of 2 . By what factor does the amplitude of the electric field increase?A. The amplitude does not change.B. The
Communication with submerged submarines via radio waves is difficult because seawater is conductive and absorbs electromagnetic waves. Penetration into the ocean is greater at longer wavelengths, so
How many photons are emitted during \(5.0 \mathrm{~s}\) of operation of a red laser pointer? The device outputs \(2.8 \mathrm{~mW}\) at a \(635 \mathrm{~nm}\) wavelength.A. \(4.5 \times 10^{10}\)B.
A 10-cm-long wire is pulled along a U-shaped conducting rail in a perpendicular magnetic field. The total resistance of the wire and rail is \(0.20 \Omega\). Pulling the wire with a force of \(1.0
In the rainy season, the Amazon flows fast and runs deep. In one location, the river is \(23 \mathrm{~m}\) deep and moves at a speed of \(4.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) toward the east. The earth's

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