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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

A ray of white light strikes the surface of a 4.0 -cm-thick slab of flint glass as shown in Figure P19.31. As the ray enters the glass, it is dispersed into its constituent colors. Estimate how far
A ray of red light, for which \(n=1.54\), and a ray of violet light, for which \(n=1.59\), travel through a piece of glass. They meet right at the boundary between the glass and the air, and emerge
A 1.0-cm-diameter microscope objective has a focal length of \(2.8 \mathrm{~mm}\). \(\mathrm{t}\) is used in visible light with a wavelength of \(550 \mathrm{~nm}\).a. What is the objective's
A microscope with an objective of focal length \(1.6 \mathrm{~mm}\) is used to inspect the tiny features of a computer chip. It is desired to resolve two objects only \(400 \mathrm{~nm}\) apart. What
Suppose you point a pinhole camera at a \(15-\mathrm{m}\)-tall tree that is \(75 \mathrm{~m}\) away.a. If the detector is \(22 \mathrm{~cm}\) behind the pinhole, what will be the size of the tree's
Martha is viewing a distant mountain with a telescope that has a \(120-\mathrm{cm}\)-focal-length objective lens and an eyepiece with a \(2.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length. She sees a bird that's \(60
Susan is quite nearsighted; without her glasses, her far point is \(35 \mathrm{~cm}\) and her near point is \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\). Her glasses allow her to view distant objects with her eye relaxed.
A spy satellite uses a telescope with a 2.0-m-diameter mirror. It orbits the earth at a height of \(220 \mathrm{~km}\). What minimum spacing must there be between two objects on the earth's surface
Frank is nearsighted and his glasses require a prescription of -1.5 D. One day he can't find his glasses, but he does find an older pair with a prescription of \(-1.0 \mathrm{D}\). What is the most
The Hubble Space Telescope has a mirror diameter of \(2.4 \mathrm{~m}\). Suppose the telescope was used to photograph the surface of the moon from a distance of \(3.8 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m}\).
Microtubules are filamentous structures in cells that maintain cell shape and facilitate the movement of molecules within the cell. They are long, hollow cylinders with a diameter of about \(25
Flattening the cornea would be a good solution for someone who was A. Nearsighted B. Farsighted.C. Either nearsighted or farsighted.
Suppose a woman has a far point of \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\). How much should the refractive power of her cornea be changed to correct her vision?A. \(-2.0 \mathrm{D}\)B. \(-1.0 \mathrm{D}\)C. +1.0 D D.
A cataract is a clouding or opacity that develops in the eye's lens, often in older people. In extreme cases, the lens of the eye may need to be removed. This would have the effect of leaving a
The length of your eye decreases slightly as you age, making the lens a bit closer to the retina. Suppose a man had his vision surgically corrected at age 30 . At age 70 , once his eyes had decreased
The tension in the rope is 100 N. Given that sin 30° = 0.50 and cos 30° = 0.87, the x- and y-components of the tension are A. -87 N, 50 N B. 87 N, 50 N C. -50 N, 87 N D. 50 N, E. 87 N, 87 N 50 N
An electroscope is charged by touching it with a positive glass rod. The electroscope leaves spread apart and the glass rod is removed. Then a negatively charged plastic rod is brought close to the
Rank in order, from most positive to most negative, the charges qA to qE of these five systems. Proton Electron 17 protons 19 electrons A B C 1,000,000 protons 1,000,000 electrons D Glass ball
Charges l and 2 exert repulsive forces on each other. q1 = 4q2• Which statement is true? A. Fion2> F2on I B. Flon 2 on C. Flon2
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the electric field strengths EA to ED at points A to D. < 29 BB 2r 29 2r D
Using what you learned in Figure 20.32, rank in order, from largest to smallest, noting any ties, the electric field strengths E1 to E4 at points 1 to 4. 2
Which of the following is the correct representation of the electric field created by two positive charges? B. C. D.
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the forces FA to FE a proton would experience if placed at points A to E in this parallel plate capacitor. A. B C +++++++++ D E
The positive charge in Figure Q20.5 is \(+Q\). What is the negative charge if the electric field at the dot is zero? FIGURE Q20.5
Each part of Figure Q20.12 shows two points near two charges. Compare the electric field strengths \(E_{1}\) and \(E_{2}\) at these two points. Is \(E_{1}>E_{2}, E_{1}=E_{2}\), or \(E_{1}
A \(10 \mathrm{nC}\) charge sits at a point in space where the magnitude of the electric field is \(1200 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\). What will the magnitude of the field be if the \(10 \mathrm{nC}\)
A hollow soda straw is uniformly charged, as shown in Figure Q20.15. What is the electric field at the center (inside) of the straw? Explain. + Inside straw ++ + FIGURE Q20.15
A positively charged particle is in the center of a parallel-plate capacitor that has charge \(\pm Q\) on its plates. Suppose the distance between the plates is doubled, with the charged particle
Two charged particles are separated by \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\). Suppose the charge on each particle is doubled. By what factor does the electric force between the particles change?
A small positive charge \(q\) experi- \(\quad \vec{E}_{1} \quad \vec{E}_{2}=2 \vec{E}_{1} \quad \vec{E}_{3}=3 \vec{E}_{1}\) ences a force of magnitude \(F_{1}\) when placed at point 1 in Figure
A typical commercial airplane is struck by lightning about once per year. When this happens, the external metal skin of the airplane might be burned, but the people and equipment inside the aircraft
Microbes such as bacteria have small positive charges when in solution. Public health agencies are exploring a new way to measure the presence of small numbers of microbes in drinking water by using
A \(+7.5 \mathrm{nC}\) point charge and a \(-2.0 \mathrm{nC}\) point charge are \(3.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) apart. What is the electric field strength at the midpoint between the two charges?A. \(3.3 \times
Three point charges are arranged as shown in Figure Q20.28 Which arrow best represents the direction of the electric field vector at the position of the dot? -InC A FIGURE Q20.28 -12 C E + +3 nC B D
A positive charge is brought near to a dipole, as shown in Figure Q20.29. If the dipole is free to rotate, it A. Begins to rotate in a clockwise direction.B. Begins to rotate in a counterclockwise
If two identical conducting spheres are in contact, any excess charge will be evenly distributed between the two. Three identical metal spheres are labeled A, B, and C. Initially, A has charge \(q\),
A small metal sphere has a mass of \(0.15 \mathrm{~g}\) and a charge of INT \(-23.0 \mathrm{nC}\). It is \(10.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) directly above an identical sphere with the same charge. This lower
What are the magnitude and direction of the electric force on charge A in Figure P20.14? -1.0 C 4.0 nC c+ 1.0 cm 1.0 nC A+ 1.0 cm B FIGURE P20.14
A \(30 \mathrm{nC}\) charge experiences a \(0.035 \mathrm{~N}\) electric force. What is the magnitude of electric field at the position of this charge?
What are the strength and direction of an electric field that INf will balance the weight of (a) a proton and (b) an electron?
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed of two square plates, size \(L \times L\), separated by distance \(d\). The plates are given charge \(\pm Q\). What is the ratio \(E_{\mathrm{f}} /
A parallel-plate capacitor is formed from two \(4.0 \mathrm{~cm} \times\) \(4.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) electrodes spaced \(2.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart. The electric field strength inside the capacitor is \(1.0
Two identical closely spaced circular disks form a parallelplate capacitor. Transferring \(1.5 \times 10^{9}\) electrons from one disk to the other causes the electric field strength between them to
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed of two horizontal 12.0-cm-diameter circular plates. A \(1.0 \mathrm{~g}\) plastic bead, with a charge of \(-6.0 \mathrm{nC}\), is suspended between the two
One kind of e-book display consists of millions of very small spheres that float in a thin fluid layer between two conducting, transparent plates. Each sphere is black on one side and white on the
Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. The field strength in a typical membrane is \(1.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\). What is the magnitude of
Molecules of carbon monoxide are permanent electric dipoles due to unequal sharing of electrons between the carbon and oxygen atoms. Figure P20.37 shows the distance and charges. Suppose a carbon
Objects A and B are both positively charged. Both have a mass of \(100 \mathrm{~g}\), but A has twice the charge of B. When A and B are placed with \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\) between their centers, B
An electric dipole is formed from \(\pm 1.0 \mathrm{nC}\) point charges spaced \(2.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart The dipole is centered at the origin, oriented along the \(y\)-axis. What is the electric
What are the magnitude and direction of the force on the \(1.0 \mathrm{nC}\) charge in the middle of Figure P20.50 due to the four other charges? -2.0 nC 2.0 nC 1.0 cm 1.0 nC -2.0 nC FIGURE P20.50
What are the magnitude and direction of the force on the \(1.0 \mathrm{nC}\) charge at the bottom of Figure P20.51? 2.0 C -6.0 nC 2.0 nC 5.0 cm 45 45 5.0 cm 1.0 nC FIGURE P20.51
As shown in Figure P20.52, a \(5.0 \mathrm{nC}\) charge sits at \(x=0\) in a uniform 4500 N/C electric field directed to the right. At what point along the \(x\)-axis would (a) a proton and (b) an
Two particles have positive charges \(q\) and \(Q\). A third charged particle is placed halfway between them. What must this particle's charge be so that the net force on charge \(Q\) is zero?
Figure P20.55 shows four charges at \(-10 \mathrm{nC}\) the corners of a square of side \(L\). What magnitude and sign of charge \(Q\) will make the force on charge \(q\) zero? 10 nC L 2 -10 nC
Model a pollen grain as a sphere of carbon \(0.10 \mathrm{~mm}\) in diameter. If two such grains, spaced \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) apart, were somehow stripped of all their electrons, leaving only the
A \(+10 \mathrm{nC}\) charge is located at \((x, y)=(0 \mathrm{~cm}, 10 \mathrm{~cm})\) and a \(-5.0 \mathrm{nC}\) charge is located at \((x, y)=(5.0 \mathrm{~cm}, 0 \mathrm{~cm})\). Where would a
A \(4.0 \mathrm{mg}\) bead with a charge of \(7.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) \(2.5 \mathrm{nC}\) rests on a table. A second bead, FIGURE P20.62 with a charge of \(-5.6 \mathrm{nC}\), is directly above the first
An electric field \(\vec{E}=(200,000 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\), right \()\) causes the \(2.0 \mathrm{~g}\) ball in Figure P20.66 to hang at an angle. What is \(\theta\) ? 25 nC ( 2.0 g FIGURE P20.66
A small charged bead has a mass of \(1.0 \mathrm{~g}\). It is held in a INT uniform electric field \(\vec{E}=(200,000 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\), up \()\). When the bead is released, it accelerates
A parallel-plate capacitor consists of two plates, each with an area of \(28 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\), separated by \(3.0 \mathrm{~mm}\). The charge on the capacitor is \(8.3 \mathrm{nC}\). A proton is
If the charging collar has a positive charge, the net charge on a droplet separating from the stream will be A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. The charge will depend on the type of cell.Flow
Which of the following describes the charges on the droplets that end up in the five tubes, moving from left to right?A. \(+2 q,+q, 0,-q,-2 q\)B. \(+q,+2 q, 0,-2 q,-q\)C. \(-q,-2 q, 0,+2 q,+q\)D.
Because the droplets are conductors, a droplet's positive and negative charges will separate while the droplet is in the region between the deflection plates. Suppose a neutral droplet passes between
Another way to sort the droplets would be to give each droplet the same charge, then vary the electric field between the deflection plates. For the apparatus as sketched, this technique will not work
You lift a book at a constant speed. Which statement is true about the work W done by your hand and the change in the book's gravitational potential energy ΔUg? A. W> AU>0 B. W < AU 0 D. WAU,
A positively charged particle moves from point I to point 2. As it does, its electric potential energy? A. Increases. B. Decreases. C. Stays the same. 102
At a point where the electric potential is 400 V, a positive charge is moving to the left. As the charge continues to move, it slows down, stops, and then begins to move back to the right. Using what
A proton is released from rest at point Q, where the potential is 0 V. Afterward, the proton.A. Remains at rest at Q.B. Moves toward P with a steady speed.C. Moves toward P with an increasing
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the potential differencesΔV12, ΔV13 , and ΔV23 between points 1 and 2, points l and 3, and points 2 and 3.
Which set of equipotential surfaces matches this electric field? 111
If the potential difference across a capacitor is doubled, its capacitance.A. Doubles.B. Halves.C. Remains the same.
The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are connected to a battery. If the distance between the plates is halved, the energy of the capacitorA. Increases by a factor of 4.B. Doubles.C. Remains the
Charge \(q\) is fired through a small hole in the positive plate of a capacitor, as shown in Figure Q21.2.a. If \(q\) is a positive charge, does it speed up or slow down inside the capacitor? Answer
An electron \((q=-e)\) completes half of a circular orbit of radius \(r\) around a nucleus with \(Q=+3 e\), as shown in Figure Q21.4.a. How much work is done on the electron as it moves from
Each part of Figure Q21.8 shows one or more point charges. The charges have equal magnitudes. If a positive charge is moved from position \(i\) to position \(f\), does the electric potential energy
Figure Q21.12 shows two points near a positive point charge.a. What is the ratio \(V_{1} / V_{2}\) of the electric potentials at these two points? Explain.b. What is the ratio \(E_{1} / E_{2}\) of
Each part of Figure Q21.13 shows three points in the vicinity of two point charges. The charges have equal magnitudes. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the potentials \(V_{1}, V_{2}\), and
Figure Q21.16 shows an electric field diagram. Rank in order, from highest to lowest, the electric potentials at points \(\mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b}\), and \(\mathrm{c}\). ya FIGURE Q21.16 b
A proton is launched from point 1 in Figure Q21.20 with an initial velocity of \(3.9 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). By how much has its kinetic energy changed, in \(\mathrm{eV}\), by the
A \(100 \mathrm{~V}\) battery is connected across the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor. If a sheet of Teflon is slid between the plates, without disconnecting the battery, the electric field
The electric potential is \(300 \mathrm{~V}\) at \(x=0 \mathrm{~cm}\), is \(-100 \mathrm{~V}\) at \(x=5 \mathrm{~cm}\), and varies linearly with \(x\). If a positive charge is released from rest at
What is the potential at point \(\mathrm{c}\) ?A. \(-400 \mathrm{~V}\)B. \(-350 \mathrm{~V}\)C. \(-100 \mathrm{~V}\)D. \(350 \mathrm{~V}\)E. \(400 \mathrm{~V}\)Refer to Figure Q21.24, which shows
At which point, a, b, or \(\mathrm{c}\), is the magnitude of the electric field the greatest?Refer to Figure Q21.24, which shows equipotential lines in a region of space. The equipotential lines are
What is the approximate magnitude of the electric field at point \(c\) ?A. \(100 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\)B. \(300 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\)C. \(800 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\)D. \(1500 \mathrm{~V}
The direction of the electric field at point \(b\) is closest to which direction?A. RightB. UpC. LeftD. DownRefer to Figure Q21.24, which shows equipotential lines in a region of space. The
\(\mathrm{A}+10 \mathrm{nC}\) charge is moved from point \(\mathrm{c}\) to point \(\mathrm{a}\). How much work is required in order to do this?A. \(3.5 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~J}\)B. \(4.0 \times
A bug zapper consists of two metal plates connected to a }\end{array}\) high-voltage power supply. The voltage between the plates is set to give an electric field slightly less than \(1 \times 10^{6}
The dipole moment of the heart is shown at a particular instant in Figure Q21.31. Which of the following potential differences will have the largest positive value?A. \(V_{1}-V_{2}\)B.
A 170 Hz sound wave in air has a wavelength of 2.0 m. The frequency is now doubled to 340 Hz. What is the new wavelength?A. 4.0 m B. 3.0 m C. 2.0 m D. 1.0 m
Two pulses on a string approach each other at speeds of 1m/s.What is the shape of the string at t = 6 s? Approaching waves at 7=0s I m/s 02 6 8 10 A. 1 m/s 12 14 16 18 B. x (m) 6 8 10 12 14 6 C. 9 x
A standing wave is set up on a string.A series of snapshots of the wave are superimposed to produce the diagram at right. What is the wavelength? -3.0 m-
A 2.0-m-long string carries a standing wave as in the figure at right. Extend the pattern and the formulas shown in Figure 16. 13 to determine the mode number and the wavelength of this particular
A standing wave on a string is shown.Which of the modes shown below (on the same string) has twice the frequency of the original wave? Original standing wave
A tube that is open at both ends supports a standing wave with harmonics at 300 Hz and 400 Hz, with no harmonics between. What is the fundamental frequency of this tube?A. 50Hz B. 100 Hz C. 150 Hz D.
If you speak at a certain pitch, then hold your nose and continue speaking at the same pitch, your voice sounds very different. This is because A. The fundamental frequency of your vocal cords has
These speakers emit identical sound waves with a wavelength of 1.0 m. At the point indicated, is the interference constructive, destructive, or something in between? A = 1.0 m 8.5 m 9.5 m A=1.0 m
You hear three beats per second when two sound tones are generated. The frequency of one tone is known to be 6 10 Hz. The frequency of the other is A. 604 Hz D. 616 Hz B. 607 Hz E. Either A or D C. 6
A guitarist finds that the pitch of one of her strings is slightly flat-the frequency is a bit too low. Should she increase or decrease the tension of the string? Explain.
A synthesizer is a keyboard instrument that can be made to sound like a flute, a trumpet, a piano-or any other musical instrument. Pressing a key sets the fundamental frequency of the note that is
Two sinusoidal waves with the same amplitude \(A\) and frequency \(f\) travel in opposite directions along a long string. You stand at one point and watch the string. The maximum displacement of the

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