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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

A \(50 \mathrm{~kg}\) sprinter, starting from rest, runs \(50 \mathrm{~m}\) in \(7.0 \mathrm{~s}\) at constant acceleration.a. What is the magnitude of the horizontal force acting on the sprinter?b.
Bob can throw a \(500 \mathrm{~g}\) rock with a speed of \(30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). During the INT time the rock is in his hand, his hand moves forward by \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\).a. How much force,
The mass of an elevator and its occupants is \(1200 \mathrm{~kg}\). The electric motor that lifts the elevator can provide a maximum power of \(15 \mathrm{~kW}\). What is the maximum constant speed
How fast is the ball moving when it hits the concrete surface? (Ignore air resistance.)A. \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(7 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(50
If the ball accelerates uniformly when it hits the floor, what is its approximate acceleration as it comes to rest before rebounding?A. \(1000 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)B. \(2000 \mathrm{~m} /
The ball's kinetic energy just after the bounce is less than just before the bounce. In what form does this lost energy end up?A. Elastic potential energyB. Gravitational potential energyC. Thermal
By approximately what percent does the kinetic energy decrease?A. \(35 \%\)B. \(45 \%\)C. \(55 \%\)D. \(65 \%\)A tennis ball bouncing on a hard surface compresses and then rebounds. The details of
When a tennis ball bounces from a racket, the ball loses approximately \(30 \%\) of its kinetic energy to thermal energy. A ball that hits a racket at a speed of \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) will
If the drag force on the cyclist is \(10 \mathrm{~N}\), how much energy does she use in cycling \(1 \mathrm{~km}\) ?A. \(6 \mathrm{~kJ}\)B. \(10 \mathrm{~kJ}\)C. \(50 \mathrm{~kJ}\)D. \(100
Under these conditions, how much power does she expend as she cycles?A. \(10 \mathrm{~W}\)B. \(50 \mathrm{~W}\)C. \(100 \mathrm{~W}\)D. \(200 \mathrm{~W}\)When you ride a bicycle at constant speed,
If she doubles her speed to \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), how much energy does she use in cycling \(1 \mathrm{~km}\) ?A. \(20 \mathrm{~kJ}\)B. \(40 \mathrm{~kJ}\)C. \(200 \mathrm{~kJ}\)D. \(400
How much power does she expend when cycling at that speed?A. \(100 \mathrm{~W}\)B. \(200 \mathrm{~W}\)C. \(400 \mathrm{~W}\)D. \(1000 \mathrm{~W}\)When you ride a bicycle at constant speed, almost
Upon reducing her speed back down to \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), she hits a headwind of \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). How much power is she expending now?A. \(100 \mathrm{~W}\)B. \(200
The air is less dense at higher elevations, so skydivers reach a high terminal speed. The highest recorded speed for a skydiver was achieved in a jump from a height of \(39,000 \mathrm{~m}\). At this
Reconsider the situation in Example 7.10. If Luis pulls straight down on the end of a wrench that is in the same orientation but is \(35 \mathrm{~cm}\) long, rather than \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\), what
An old-fashioned tire swing exerts a force on the branch and a torque about the point where the branch meets the trunk. If you hang the swing closer to the trunk, this will --the force and-- the
Which of these objects is in static equilibrium? A. B. C. D.
A beam with a pivot on its le ft end is suspended from a rope.Tn which direction is the force of the pivot on the beam? A. B. C. D. E.
Rank in order, from least stable to most stable, the three objects shown in the figure. The positions of their centers of gravity are marked. (For the centers of gravity to be positioned like thi s,
The end of a spring is pulled to the right by 4 cm; the restoring force is 8 N to the left.Given the relationships shown in Figure 8.14c, if the spring is returned to equilibrium and then pushed to
A 1.0 kg weight is suspended from a spring, stretching it by 5.0 cm. How much does the spring stretch if the 1.0 kg weight is replaced by a 3.0 kg weight?A. 5.0cm B. 10.0cm C. 15.0cm D. 20.0cm
A 10 kg mass is hung from a 1-m-long cable, causing the cable to stretch by 2 mm. Suppose a 10 kg mass is hung from a 2 m length of the same cable. By how much does the cable stretch?A. 0.5 mm B. l
Sketch a force acting at point \(\mathrm{P}\) in Figure Q8.2 that would make the rod be in static equilibrium. Is there only one such force? P - FIGURE Q8.2
Could a ladder on a level floor lean against a wall in static equilibrium if there were no friction forces? Explain
If you are using a rope to raise a tall mast, attaching the rope to the middle of the mast as in Figure Q8.4a gives a very small torque about the base of the mast when the mast is at a shallow angle.
A typical mattress has a network of springs that provide support. If you sit on a mattress, the springs compress. A heavier person compresses the springs more than a lighter person. Use the
The rod in Figure Q8.15 pivots around an axle at the left end. With forces applied as noted, the objectA. Will rotate counterclockwise.B. Is in static equilibrium.C. Will rotate clockwise. 40 N 100 N
How much force must the tendon exert to keep the leg in this BIO position?A. \(40 \mathrm{~N}\)B. \(200 \mathrm{~N}\)C. \(400 \mathrm{~N}\)D. \(1000 \mathrm{~N}\)Use the information in the following
As you hold your leg in this position, the upper leg exerts a force on the lower leg at the knee joint. What is the direction of this force?A. Up B. Down C. Right D. Left Use the information in the
What is the magnitude of the force of the upper leg on the\(\mathrm{BlO}\) lower leg at the knee joint?A. \(40 \mathrm{~N}\)B. \(160 \mathrm{~N}\)C. \(200 \mathrm{~N}\)D. \(240 \mathrm{~N}\)Use the
A \(20 \mathrm{~kg}\) block resting on the floor is to be raised by a \(5.0-\mathrm{mm}-\) diameter rope with Young's modulus \(1.5 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). The rope goes up and
A construction crew would like to support a \(1000 \mathrm{~kg}\) steel beam with two angled ropes as shown in Figure P5.4. Their rope can support a maximum tension of \(5600 \mathrm{~N}\). Is this
II An early submersible craft for deep-sea exploration was raised and lowered by a cable from a ship. When the craft was stationary, the tension in the cable was \(6000 \mathrm{~N}\). When the craft
The two angled ropes are used to support the crate in Figure P5.7. The tension in the ropes can have any value up to \(1500 \mathrm{~N}\). When the tension exceeds this value, the ropes will break.
A \(65 \mathrm{~kg}\) student is walking on a slackline, a length of webbing stretched between two trees. The line stretches and so has a noticeable sag, as shown in Figure P5.8. At the point where
A force with \(x\)-component \(F_{x}\) acts on a \(500 \mathrm{~g}\) object as it moves along the \(x\)-axis. The object's acceleration graph \(\left(a_{x}\right.\) versus \(\left.t\right)\) is shown
The forces in Figure P5.10 are acting on a \(2.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) object. What is \(a_{x}\), the \(x\)-component of the object's acceleration? 4.0 N 2.0 N 3.0 N FIGURE P5.10 13.0 N
III A \(75 \mathrm{~kg}\) passenger is seated in a cage in the Sling Shot, a carnival ride. Giant bungee cords are stretched as the cage is pulled down, and then they rebound to launch the cage
Riders on the Power Tower are launched skyward with an acceleration of \(4 g\), after which they experience a period of free fall. What is a \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) rider's apparent weighta. During the
A kangaroo carries her \(0.51 \mathrm{~kg}\) baby in her pouch as she \(\mathrm{BlO}\) bounds across the ground. As she pushes off the ground, she is accelerating upward at \(30 \mathrm{~m} /
Two workers are sliding a \(300 \mathrm{~kg}\) crate across the floor. One worker pushes forward on the crate with a force of \(380 \mathrm{~N}\) while the other pulls in the same direction with a
A \(4000 \mathrm{~kg}\) truck is parked on a \(7.0^{\circ}\) slope. How big is the friction force on the truck?
It is friction that provides the force for a car to accelerate, so for high-performance cars the factor that limits acceleration isn't the engine; it's the tires. For typical rubber-on-concrete
A \(10 \mathrm{~kg}\) crate is placed on a horizontal conveyor belt. The materials are such that \(\mu_{\mathrm{s}}=0.50\) and \(\mu_{\mathrm{k}}=0.30\).a. Draw a free-body diagram showing all the
The rolling resistance for steel on steel is quite low; the coefficient of rolling friction is typically \(\mu_{\mathrm{r}}=0.002\). Suppose a \(180,000 \mathrm{~kg}\) locomotive is rolling at \(10
What is the drag force on a 1.6-m-wide, 1.4-m-high car traveling ata. \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}(\approx 22 \mathrm{mph}) ? \quad\)b. \(30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}(\approx 65 \mathrm{mph})\) ?
A \(75 \mathrm{~kg}\) skydiver can be modeled as a rectangular "box" with dimensions \(20 \mathrm{~cm} \times 40 \mathrm{~cm} \times 1.8 \mathrm{~m}\). What is his terminal speed if he falls feet
A \(2200 \mathrm{~kg}\) truck has put its front bumper against the rear bumper of a \(2400 \mathrm{~kg}\) SUV to give it a push. With the engine at full power and good tires on good pavement, the
Blocks with masses of \(1.0 \mathrm{~kg}, 2.0 \mathrm{~kg}\), and \(3.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) are lined up in a row on a frictionless table. All three are pushed forward by a \(12 \mathrm{~N}\) force
A \(2.0-\mathrm{m}\)-long, \(500 \mathrm{~g}\) rope pulls a \(10 \mathrm{~kg}\) block of ice across a horizontal, frictionless surface. The block accelerates at \(2.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\).
Two blocks on a frictionless table, A and B, are connected by a massless string. When block \(A\) is pulled with a certain force, dragging block B, the tension in the string is \(24 \mathrm{~N}\).
A fisherman has caught a very large, \(5.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) fish from a dock that is \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) above the water. He is using lightweight fishing line that will break under a tension of \(54
Riders on the Tower of Doom, an amusement park ride, experience \(2.0 \mathrm{~s}\) of free fall, after which they are slowed to a stop in \(0.50 \mathrm{~s}\). What is a \(65 \mathrm{~kg}\) rider's
Elite quarterbacks can throw a football \(70 \mathrm{~m}\). To achieve such a throw, a quarterback accelerates the \(0.42 \mathrm{~kg}\) ball over a distance of approximately \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\).a.
An impala is an African antelope capable of a remarkable vertical leap. In one recorded leap, a \(45 \mathrm{~kg}\) impala went into a deep crouch, pushed straight up for \(0.21 \mathrm{~s}\), and
The drag force is an important fact of life for the small marine crustaceans called copepods. The drag force for small objects in water is very different from the drag force in air, so the drag
Researchers often use force plates to measure the forces that \(\mathrm{BIO}\) people exert against the floor during movement. A force plate INT works like a bathroom scale, but it keeps a record of
It's possible for a determined \(\mathbb{N T}\) group of people to pull an aircraft. Drag is negligible at low speeds, and the only force impeding motion is the rolling friction of the rubber tires
Two identical \(2.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) blocks are stacked as shown in Figure P5.71. The bottom block is free to slide on a frictionless surface. The coefficient of static friction between the blocks is
A wood block is sliding up a wood ramp. If the angle of the ramp is very steep, the block will reverse direction at some point and slide back down. If the angle of the ramp is shallow, the block will
A \(2.7 \mathrm{~g}\) Ping-Pong ball has a diameter of \(4.0 \mathrm{~cm}\).a. The ball is shot straight up at twice its terminal speed. What is its acceleration immediately after launch?b. The ball
The ramp in Figure P5.75 is frictionless. If the blocks are released from rest, which way does the \(10 \mathrm{~kg}\) block slide, and what is the magnitude of its acceleration? 10 kg 40 FIGURE
A curler pushes a stone to a speed of \(3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) over a time of \(2.0 \mathrm{~s}\). Ignoring the force of friction, how much force must the curler apply to the stone to bring
The sweepers in a curling competition adjust the trajectory of the stone by In the winter sport of curling, players give a \(20 \mathrm{~kg}\) stone a push across a sheet of ice. The stone moves
Suppose the stone is launched with a speed of \(3 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) and travels \(40 \mathrm{~m}\) before coming to rest. What is the approximate magnitude of the friction force on the
Suppose the stone's mass is increased to \(40 \mathrm{~kg}\), but it is launched at the same \(3 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Which one of the following is true?A. The stone would now travel a longer
A softball pitcher is throwing a pitch. At the instant shown, the ball is moving in a circular arc at a steady speed. At this instant, the acceleration is A. Directed up. B. Directed down. C.
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the period of the motion of particles A to D. 2v 2r 2v 2r 77 A. B. C. D.
A block on a string spins in a horizontal circle on a frictionless table. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the tensions TA to TE acting on the blocks A to E. A. B. C. D. E. r = 10 cm f= 50
A car is rolling over the top of a hill at constant speed v. At this instant, A. nw. B. n
A satellite is in a low earth orbit. Which of the following changes would increase the orbital period?A. Increasing the mass of the satellite.B. Increasing the height of the satellite about the
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the free-fall accelerations on the surfaces of the following planets. R R M 2M M 2R 2R 2M A. B. C. D.
Each year, the moon gets a little bit farther away from the earth, increasing the radius of its orbit. How does this change affect the length of a month?A. A month gets longer.B. A month gets
In uniform circular motion, which of the following quantities are constant: speed, instantaneous velocity, centripetal acceleration, the magnitude of the net force?
A car coasts at a constant speed over a circular hill. Which of the free-body diagrams in Figure Q6.11 is correct? Explain. FIGURE Q6.11 A. B. C.
In Figure Q6.11, at the instant shown, is the apparent weight of the car's driver greater than, less than, or equal to his true weight? Explain. FIGURE Q6.11 A. B. C.
Riding in the back of a pickup truck can be very dangerous. If the truck turns suddenly, the riders can be thrown from the truck bed. Why are the riders ejected from the bed?
Playground swings move through an arc of a circle. When you are on a swing, and at the lowest point of your motion, is your apparent weight greater than, less than, or equal to your true weight?
Variation in your apparent weight is desirable when you ride a roller coaster; it makes the ride fun. However, too much variation over a short period of time can be painful. For this reason, the
As we saw in the chapter, wings on race cars push them into the track. The increased normal force makes large friction forces possible. At one Formula One racetrack, cars turn around a halfcircle
Suppose you and a friend, each of mass \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\), go to the park and get on a 4.0-m-diameter merry-go-round. You stand on the outside edge of the merry-go-round, while your friend pushes so
The radius of Jupiter is 11 times that of earth, and the freefall acceleration near its surface is 2.5 times that on earth. If we someday put a spacecraft in low Jupiter orbit, its orbital speed will
Currently, the moon goes around the earth once every 27.3 days. If the moon could be brought into a new circular orbit with a smaller radius, its orbital period would be A. More than 27.3 days.B.
Two planets orbit a star. You can ignore the gravitational interactions between the planets. Planet 1 has orbital radius \(r_{1}\) and planet 2 has \(r_{2}=4 r_{1}\). Planet 1 orbits with period
An old-fashioned LP record rotates at \(33 \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{rpm}\).a. What is its frequency, in rev/s?b. What is its period, in seconds?
A typical hard disk in a computer spins at \(5400 \mathrm{rpm}\).a. What is the frequency, in rev/s?b. What is the period, in seconds?
Modern wind turbines are larger than they appear, and despite their apparently lazy motion, the speed of the blades tips can be quite high-many times higher than the wind speed. A typical modern
Wind turbines designed for offshore installations are much larger than ones designed for use on land. One company makes a turbine for use on land with blades \(40 \mathrm{~m}\) long that spin at \(17
A typical running track is an oval with 74-m-diameter half circles at each end. A runner going once around the track covers a distance of \(400 \mathrm{~m}\). Suppose a runner, moving at a constant
Figure P6.13 is a bird's-eye view of particles on a string moving in horizontal circles on a tabletop. All are moving at the same speed. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the tensions
In short-track speed skating, the track has straight sections and semicircles \(16 \mathrm{~m}\) in diameter. Assume that a \(65 \mathrm{~kg}\) skater goes around the turn at a constant \(12
A cyclist is rounding a \(20-\mathrm{m}\)-radius curve at \(12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). What is the minimum possible coefficient of static friction between the bike tires and the ground?
A wind turbine has \(12,000 \mathrm{~kg}\) blades that are \(38 \mathrm{~m}\) long. The blades spin at \(22 \mathrm{rpm}\). If we model a blade as a point mass at the midpoint of the blade, what is
You have seen dogs shake to shed water from their fur. The motion is complicated, but the fur on a dog's torso rotates back and forth along a roughly circular arc. Water droplets are held to the fur
Gibbons, small Asian apes, move by brachiation, swinging below a handhold to move forward to the next handhold. A \(9.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) gibbon has an arm length (hand to shoulder) of \(0.60
A roller coaster car is going over the top of a 15-m-radius circular rise. At the top of the hill, the passengers "feel light," with an apparent weight only \(50 \%\) of their true weight. How fast
As a roller coaster car crosses the top of a 40-m-diameter loop-the-loop, its apparent weight is the same as its true weight. What is the car's speed at the top?
An 80-ft-diameter Ferris wheel rotates once every \(24 \mathrm{~s}\). What is the apparent weight of a \(70 \mathrm{~kg}\) passenger at (a) the lowest point of the circle and (b) at the highest point?
A satellite orbiting the moon very near the surface has a period of \(110 \mathrm{~min}\). Use this information, together with the radius of the moon from the table on the inside of the back cover,
Spacecraft have been sent to Mars in recent years. Mars is smaller than Earth and has correspondingly weaker surface gravity. On Mars, the free-fall acceleration is only \(3.8 \mathrm{~m} /

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