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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

A candle is placed in front of a converging lens. A well focused image of the flame is seen on a screen on the opposite side of the lens. If the candle is moved farther away from the lens, how must
During a solar eclipse, the sun-a small but extended source-casts a shadow of the moon on the earth. Explain why the moon's shadow has a dark center surrounded by a region of increasing brightness.
In The Toilet of Venus by Velázquez, we can see the face of Venus in the mirror. Can she see her own face in the mirror, when the mirror is held as shown in the picture? If yes, explain why; if not,
A concave mirror brings the sun's rays to a focus at a distance of \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the mirror. If the mirror were submerged in a swimming pool, would the sun's rays be focused nearer to,
You are looking straight into the front of an aquarium. You see a fish off to your right. Is the fish actually in the direction you're looking, farther to the right, or farther to the left? Explain.
A lens can be used to start a fire by focusing an image of the sun onto a piece of flammable material. All other things being equal, would a lens with a short focal length or a long focal length be
A piece of transparent plastic is molded into the shape of a converging lens, but it is hollow inside and has only a thin plastic wall. If immersed in water, would this air-filled lens act as a
From where you stand one night, you see the moon directly over a nearby streetlamp. You use a converging lens to get the moon's image sharply focused on a card; when you do so, the image of the lamp
What is \(\theta_{1}\) ?A. \(40^{\circ}\)B. \(45^{\circ}\)C. \(50^{\circ}\)D. \(90^{\circ}\)Are concerned with the situation sketched in Figure Q18.17, in which a beam of light in the air encounters
What is \(\theta_{2}\) ?A. \(20^{\circ}\)B. \(30^{\circ}\)C. \(50^{\circ}\)D. \(60^{\circ}\)Are concerned with the situation sketched in Figure Q18.17, in which a beam of light in the air encounters
Is there an angle of incidence between \(0^{\circ}\) and \(90^{\circ}\) such that all of the light will be reflected?A. Yes, at an angle greater than \(50^{\circ}\)B. Yes, at an angle less than
A \(2.0-\mathrm{m}\)-tall man is \(5.0 \mathrm{~m}\) from the converging lens of a camera. His image appears on a detector that is \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) behind the lens. How tall is his image on the
As shown in Figure Q18.22, an object is placed in front of a convex mirror. At what position is the image located? A B C DE FIGURE Q18.22
The lens in Figure Q18.25 is used to produce a real image of a candle flame. What is the focal length of the lens?A. \(9.0 \mathrm{~cm}\)B. \(12 \mathrm{~cm}\)C. \(24 \mathrm{~cm}\)D. \(36
A converging lens of focal length \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) is used to form a real image 1.0 m away from the lens. How far from the lens is the object?A. 20 ~cmB. 25 ~cmC. \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\)D. \(100
You look at yourself in a convex mirror. Your image isA. Upright.B. Inverted.C. It's impossible to tell without knowing how far you are from the mirror and its focal length.
A 1.0-cm-thick layer of water stands on a horizontal slab of glass. A light ray in the air is incident on the water \(60^{\circ}\) from the normal. After entering the glass, what is the ray's angle
A light ray travels inside a horizontal plate of glass, striking its upper surface at an angle of incidence of \(60^{\circ}\). This ray is totally internally reflected at the glass-air boundary. A
A light ray travels inside a block of sodium fluoride that has index of refraction \(n=1.33\) as shown in Figure \(\mathrm{P} 18.16\). The ray strikes the vertical wall at the critical angle, totally
A concave cosmetic mirror has a focal length of \(40 \mathrm{~cm}\). A 5 - \(\mathrm{cm}\)-long mascara brush is held upright \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the mirror. Use ray tracing to determine the
A light bulb is \(60 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a concave mirror with a focal length of \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\). Use ray tracing to determine the location of its image. Is the image upright or inverted? Is it
The illumination lights in an operating room use a concave mirror to focus an image of a bright lamp onto the surgical site. One such light has a mirror with a focal length of \(15.0 \mathrm{~cm}\).
An object is \(12 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a convex mirror. The mirror creates an image that is \(75 \%\) as tall as the object. Use ray tracing to find the distance of the focal point from the
A 2.0 - \(\mathrm{cm}\)-tall object is \(40 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a converging lens that has a \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
If A 1.0-cm-tall object is \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a converging lens that has a \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A \(2.0-\mathrm{cm}\)-tall object is \(\mathbf{1 5} \mathrm{cm}\) in front of a converging lens that has a \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A \(1.0-\mathrm{cm}\)-tall object is \(75 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a converging lens that has a \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A 2.0-cm-tall object is \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a diverging lens that has a \(-20 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A \(1.0-\mathrm{cm}\)-tall object is \(60 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a diverging lens that has a \(-30 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A 3.0-cm-tall object is \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a convex mirror that has a \(-25 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A \(3.0-\mathrm{cm}\)-tall object is \(45 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a convex mirror that has a \(-25 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A 3.0-cm-tall object is \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a concave mirror that has a \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
A 3.0-cm-tall object is \(45 \mathrm{~cm}\) in front of a concave mirror that has a \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length.Calculate the image position and height.
At what distance from a concave mirror with a \(35 \mathrm{~cm}\) focal length should an object be placed so that its image is the same distance from the mirror as the object?Calculate the image
Starting \(3.5 \mathrm{~m}\) from a department store mirror, Suzanne walks\(\mathbb{N} T\) toward the mirror at \(1.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) for \(2.0 \mathrm{~s}\). How far is Suzanne from her
A laser beam is incident on a mirror at an angle of \(30^{\circ}\), as shown in Figure P18.44. It reflects off the mirror and strikes a wall \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) away at point \(\mathrm{P}\). By what
It A ray of light traveling through air encounters a 1.2-cm-thick sheet of glass at a \(35^{\circ}\) angle of incidence. How far does the light ray travel in the glass before emerging on the far side?
Figure P18.50 shows a tight ray incident on a glass cylinder. What is the angle \(\alpha\) of the ray after it has entered the cylinder? R FIGURE P18.50 R/2
You are standing in a \(1.5-\mathrm{m}\)-deep swimming pool at night. The water is very still. You hold a laser pointer just above the water's surface and shine it nearly parallel to the surface, but
What is the exit angle \(\theta\) from the glass prism in Figure P18.56? 45 FIGURE P18.56 Jo
There is just one angle of incidence \(\beta\) onto a prism for which the light inside an isosceles prism travels parallel to the base and emerges at that same angle \(\beta\), as shown in Figure
A 1.0-cm-thick layer of water stands on a horizontal slab of glass. Light from within the glass is incident on the glasswater boundary. What is the maximum angle of incidence for which a light ray
You need to use a 24-cm-focal-length lens to produce an inverted image twice the height of an object. At what distance from the object should the lens be placed?
The moon is \(3.5 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m}\) in diameter and \(3.8 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m}\) from the earth's surface. The 1.2-m-focal-length concave mirror of a telescope focuses an image of the
Figure P18.75 shows a meter stick held lengthwise along the optical axis of a concave mirror. How long is the image of the meter stick? 40 cm FIGURE P18.75 60 cm Meter stick 100 cm
The writing on the passenger-side mirror of your car says "Warning! Objects in mirror are closer than they appear." There is no such warning on the driver's mirror. Consider a typical convex
The pocket of hot air appears to be a pool of water because A. Light reflects at the boundary between the hot and cool air.B. Its density is close to that of water.C. Light refracts at the boundary
Which of these changes would allow you to get closer to the mirage before it vanishes?A. Making the pocket of hot air nearer in temperature to the air above itB. Looking for the mirage on a windy
If you could clearly see the image of an object that was reflected by a mirage, the image would appear A. Magnified.B. With up and down reversed.C. Farther away than the object.D. With right and left
A converging lens creates a real, inverted image. For this to occur, the object must be A. Closer to the lens than the focal point. B. Farther from the lens than the focal point. C. At the focal
The screen in a pinhole camera is moved farther away from the pinho le. The image on the screen will A. Become larger.B. Become smaller.C. Remain the same size.
Kara has a near-point distance of 40 cm. So that she can focus on a book 25 cm away, her corrective lenses should create A. A virtual image of the book 40 cm from her eye.B. A real image of the book
With her right eye, Maria can focus on a vase 0.5 m away, but not on a tree 10 m away. What could be the eyeglass prescription for her right eye?A. +3.0 D B. + 10 D C. - 5.0 D D. -1.5 D
A student tries to use a diverging lens as a magnifier. She observes a coin placed at the focal point of the lens. She sees A. An upright image, smaller than the object.B. An upright image, larger
A biologist rotates the turret of a microscope to replace the 20× objective with a 10× objective. To keep the magnification the same, the focal length of the eyepiece must A. Be doubled. B. Be
A red apple is viewed through a green filter. The apple appears A. Red. B. Green. C. Yellow. D. Black.
Four lenses are used as microscope objectives, all for light with the same wavelength A. Rank in order, from highest to lowest, the resolving powers RP1 to RP4 of the lenses. f = 10 mm f=24 mm f= 10
A photographer focuses his camera on his subject. The subject then moves closer to the camera. To refocus, should the lens be moved closer to or farther from the detector? Explain.
The object for a magnifier is usually placed very close to the focal point of the lens, creating a virtual image very far away where it can be viewed with the relaxed eye. But the object could be
A friend lends you the eyepiece of his microscope to use on your own microscope. He claims that since his eyepiece has the same diameter as yours but twice the focal length, the resolving power of
A student makes a microscope using an objective lens and an eyepiece. If she moves the lenses closer together, does the microscope's magnification increase or decrease? Explain.
A collector notices a rare beetle on a tree \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) away. From this vantage point, the beetle has an angular size of \(0.69^{\circ}\). What would its angular size be if the collector
A microscope has a tube length of \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\). What combination of objective and eyepiece focal lengths will give an overall magnification of 100 ?A. \(1.5 \mathrm{~cm}, 3 \mathrm{~cm}\)B.
The distance between the objective and eyepiece of a telescope is \(55 \mathrm{~cm}\). The focal length of the eyepiece is \(5.0 \mathrm{~cm}\). What is the angular magnification of this telescope?A.
A nearsighted person has a near point of \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) and a far point of \(40 \mathrm{~cm}\). What refractive power lens is necessary to correct this person's vision to allow her to see
A 60-year-old man has a near point of \(100 \mathrm{~cm}\), making it B10 impossible to read. What refractive power reading glasses would he need to focus on a newspaper held at a comfortable
A person looking through a \(-10 \mathrm{D}\) lens sees an image that appears \(8.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the lens. How far from the lens is the object?A. \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\)B. \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\)C.
40,000 J of heat is added to 1.0 kg of ice al - 10°C. How much ice melts?A. \(0.012 \mathrm{~kg}\)B. \(0.057 \mathrm{~kg}\)C. \(0.12 \mathrm{~kg}\)D. \(1.0 \mathrm{~kg}\)
a. How much metabolic energy is required for a \(68 \mathrm{~kg}\) runner to run at a speed of \(15 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) for \(20 \mathrm{~min}\) ?b. How much metabolic energy is required for
Consider the procedure for measuring a woman's center of gravity given in Example 8.3. The \(600 \mathrm{~N}\) woman is in place on the board, with the scale reading \(250 \mathrm{~N}\). She now
A \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) diver stands at the end of a \(30 \mathrm{~kg}\) springboard, as shown in Figure P8.13. The board is attached to a hinge at the left end but simply rests on the right support.
Joey, stands at rest at the outer edge of the frictionless merry-go-round of Figure 9.27. The merry-goround is also at rest. Joey then begins to run around the perimeter of the merry-go-round,
Running on a treadmill is slightly easier than running outside because there is no drag force to work against. Suppose a \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) runner completes a \(5.0 \mathrm{~km}\) race in 18
Running indoors on a treadmill is slightly easier than running outside because you aren't moving through the air and there is no drag force to oppose your motion. A \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) man is running
The two ends of the dumbbell shown in Figure Q7.11 are made of the same material. Is the dumbbell' s center of gravity at point 1, 2, or 3? Explain. FIGURE Q7.11
A \(1.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) block is attached to a horizontal spring with spring INT constant \(2500 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\). The block is at rest on a frictionless surface. A \(10.0 \mathrm{~g}\)
We can make a static measurement to deduce the spring constant to use in the model. If a \(61 \mathrm{~kg}\) woman stands on a low wall with her full weight on the ball of one foot and the heel free
If, during a stride, the stretch causes her center of mass to lower by \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\), what is the stored energy?A. \(3.0 \mathrm{~J}\)B. \(6.0 \mathrm{~J}\)C. \(9.0 \mathrm{~J}\)D. \(12
If we imagine a full cycle of the oscillation, with the woman bouncing up and down and the tendon providing the restoring force, what will her oscillation period be?A. \(0.10 \mathrm{~s}\)B. \(0.15
Given what you have calculated for the period of the full oscillation in this model, what is the landing-to-liftoff time for the stretch and rebound of the sprinter's foot?A. \(0.050 \mathrm{~s}\)B.
Assuming that the web acts like a spring, what is the spring constant of the web?A. \(0.039 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\)B. \(0.39 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\)C. \(3.9 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\)D. \(39
A typical timber wolf has a mass of \(40 \mathrm{~kg}\), a typical jackrabbit a mass of \(2.5 \mathrm{~kg}\). Given the scaling law presented in the passage, we'd expect the specific metabolic rate
A standard gold bar stored at Fort Knox, Kentucky, is 7.00 inches long, 3.63 inches wide, and 1.75 inches tall. Gold has a density of \(19,300 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\). What is the mass of
A typical timber wolf has a mass of \(40 \mathrm{~kg}\), a typical jackrabbit a mass of \(2.5 \mathrm{~kg}\). Given the scaling law presented in the passage, we'd expect the wolf to use times more
Given the data of the graph, approximately how much energy, in Calories, would a \(200 \mathrm{~g}\) rat use during the course of a day?A. 10 B. 20 C. 100 D. 200
Air enclosed in a cylinder has density \(ho=1.4 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\).a. What will be the density of the air if the length of the cylinder is doubled while the radius is unchanged?b. What
All other things being equal, species that inhabit cold climates tend to be larger than related species that inhabit hot climates. For instance, the Alaskan hare is the largest North American hare,
The passage proposes that there are quantitative "laws" of biology that have their basis in physical principles, using the scaling of specific metabolic rate with body mass as an example. Which of
If the cyclist reaches his \(15 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) cruising speed by rolling down a hill, what is the approximate height of the hill?A. \(22 \mathrm{~m}\)B. \(11 \mathrm{~m}\)C. \(2
As he cycles at a constant speed on level ground, at what rate is chemical energy being converted to thermal energy in his body, assuming a typical efficiency of \(25 \%\) for the conversion of
To keep from overheating, the cyclist must get rid of the excess thermal energy generated in his body. If he cycles at this rate for 2 hours, how many liters of water must he perspire, to the nearest
A tall cylinder contains \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\) of water. Oil is carefully poured into the cylinder, where it floats on top of the water, until the total liquid depth is \(40 \mathrm{~cm}\). What is the
A balloon launched from sea level has a volume of approximately \(4 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\). What is the approximate buoyant force on the balloon?A. \(50 \mathrm{~N}\)B. \(40 \mathrm{~N}\)C. \(20
Being able to exhaust this thermal energy is very important. If he isn't able to get rid of any of the excess heat, by how much will the temperature of his body increase in 10 minutes of riding, to
A balloon launched from sea level with a volume of \(4 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) will have a volume of about \(12 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) on reaching an altitude of \(10 \mathrm{~km}\). What is the approximate
The gauge pressure at the bottom of a cylinder of liquid is \(p_{\mathrm{g}}=0.40 \mathrm{~atm}\). The liquid is poured into another cylinder with twice the radius of the first cylinder. What is the
The balloon expands as it rises, keeping the pressures inside and outside the balloon approximately equal. If the balloon rises slowly, heat transfers will keep the temperature inside the same as the
If the balloon rises quickly, so that no heat transfer is possible, the temperature inside the balloon will drop as the gas expands. If a \(4.0 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) balloon is launched at a pressure of
The highest that George can suck water up a very long straw is \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\). (This is a typical value.) What is the lowest pressure that he can maintain in his mouth?
At the end of the flight, the radiosonde is dropped and falls to earth by parachute. Suppose the parachute achieves its terminal speed at a height of \(30 \mathrm{~km}\). As it descends into the

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