Questions and Answers of Psychology 2e

Which statement best describes the Hawthorne effect?a. Giving workers rest periods seems like it should decrease productivity, but it actually increases productivity.b. Social relations among workers
Which of the following questions is illegal to ask in a job interview in the United States?a. Which university did you attend?b. Which state were you born in?c. Do you have a commercial driver’s
Which of the following items is not a part of KSAs?a. Aspirationb. Knowledgec. Skilld. Other abilities
Who is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant?a. Americans with Disabilities Actb. Supreme Court of the United Statesc. U.S. Equal
A ________ is an example of a tactical team.a. Surgical teamb. Car design teamc. Budget committeed. Sports team
Which practice is an example of Theory X management?a. Telecommutingb. Flextimec. Keystroke monitoringd. Team meetings
Which is one effect of the team halo effect?a. Teams appear to work better than they dob. Teams never failc. Teams lead to greater job satisfactiond. Teams boost productivity
Which of the following is the most strongly predictive factor of overall job satisfaction?a. Financial rewardsb. Personalityc. Autonomyd. Work content
What is the name for what occurs when a supervisor offers a work-related reward in exchange for a sexual favor?a. Hiring biasb. Quid pro quoc. Hostile work environmentd. Immutable characteristics
What aspect of an office workstation would a human factors psychologist be concerned about?a. Height of the chairb. Closeness to the supervisorc. Frequency of coworker visitsd. Presence of an
A human factors psychologist who studied how a worker interacted with a search engine would be researching in the area of ________.a. Attentionb. Cognitive engineeringc. Job satisfactiond. Management
Many of the examples of I-O psychology are applications to businesses. Name four different non-business contexts that I-O psychology could impact?
Construct a good interview question for a position of your choosing. The question should relate to a specific skill requirement for the position and you will need to include the criteria for rating
What might be useful mechanisms for avoiding bias during employment interviews?
If you designed an assessment of job satisfaction, what elements would it include?
Downsizing has commonly shown to result in a period of lowered productivity for the organizations experiencing it. What might be some of the reasons for this observation?
What role could a flight simulator play in the design of a new aircraft?
Which of the broad areas of I-O psychology interests you the most and why?
What are some of the KSAs (knowledge, skills, and abilities) that are required for your current position or a position you wish to have in the future?
How would you handle the situation if you were being sexually harassed? What would you consider sexual harassment?
Describe an example of a technology or team and technology interaction that you have had in the context of school or work that could have benefited from better design. What were the effects of the
Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived as ________.a. Negative, but it is likely to affect one’s friends rather than oneselfb. Challengingc.
Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ________.a. Black peopleb. Those aged 45–64c. The unemployedd. Those without college degrees
List some of the risk factors associated with the development of PTSD following a traumatic event.
Researchers have identified a number of factors that are related to happiness. Which of the following is not one of them?a. Ageb. Annual income up to $75,000c. Physical attractivenessd. Marriage
How does positive affect differ from optimism?a. Optimism is more scientific than positive affect.b. Positive affect is more scientific than optimism.c. Positive affect involves feeling states,
Carson enjoys writing mystery novels, and has even managed to publish some of his work. When he’s writing, Carson becomes extremely focused on his work; in fact, he becomes so absorbed that that he
Provide an example (other than the one described earlier) of a situation or event that could be appraised as either threatening or challenging.
Provide an example of a stressful situation that may cause a person to become seriously ill. How would Selye’s general adaptation syndrome explain this occurrence?
Review the items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Select one of the items and discuss how it might bring about distress and eustress.
Job burnout tends to be high in people who work in human service jobs. Considering the three dimensions of job burnout, explain how various job aspects unique to being a police officer might lead to
Discuss the concept of Type A behavior pattern, its history, and what we now know concerning its role in heart disease.
Consider the study in which volunteers were given nasal drops containing the cold virus to examine the relationship between stress and immune function (Cohen et al., 1998). How might this finding
Although problem-focused coping seems to be a more effective strategy when dealing with stressors, do you think there are any kinds of stressful situations in which emotion-focused coping might be a
Describe how social support can affect health both directly and indirectly.
In considering the three dimensions of happiness discussed in this section (the pleasant life, the good life, and the meaningful life), what are some steps you could take to improve your personal
The day before the drawing of a $300 million Powerball lottery, you notice that a line of people waiting to buy their Powerball tickets is stretched outside the door of a nearby convenience store.
Think of a time in which you and others you know (family members, friends, and classmates) experienced an event that some viewed as threatening and others viewed as challenging. What were some of the
Suppose you want to design a study to examine the relationship between stress and illness, but you cannot use the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. How would you go about measuring stress? How would
If a family member or friend of yours has asthma, talk to that person (if they are willing) about their symptom triggers. Does this person mention stress or emotional states? If so, are there any
Think of an activity you participate in that you find engaging and absorbing. For example, this might be something like playing video games, reading, or a hobby. What are your experiences typically
In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________.a. The inability of a psychological mechanism to perform its functionb. The breakdown of social order
Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________.a. Are highly atypicalb. Lead to significant distress and impairment in
The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________.a. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicineb. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disordersc. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental
A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________.a. Major depressive disorderb. Social anxiety disorderc. Obsessive-compulsive disorderd. Specific phobia
The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________.a. Vulnerability and adverse experiencesb. Biochemical factorsc. Chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the
Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective.a. Psychologicalb.
In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension?a. Panic disorderb. Generalized anxiety disorderc. Agoraphobiad. Social
Which of the following would constitute a safety behavior?a. Encountering a phobic stimulus in the company of other peopleb. Avoiding a field where snakes are likely to be presentc. Avoiding eye
Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion?a. Mentally counting backward from 1,000b. Persistent fear of germsc. Thoughts of harming a neighbord. Falsely believing that a spouse has been
Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________.a. Are similar to the symptoms of panic disorderb. Are triggered by low levels of stress hormonesc. Are related to hyperactivity in the
Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________.a. Intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic eventb. Avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic eventc. Jumpinessd. Physical
Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD?a. Severity of the traumab. Frequency of the traumac. High levels of intelligenced. Social support
Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except ________.a. Periods of extreme elation and euphoriab. Difficulty concentrating and making decisionsc. Loss of interest
Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months.a. Higher; higherb. Lower; lowerc. Higher; lowerd. Lower;
A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________.a. If their childhood friends later developed schizophreniab.
Dissociative amnesia involves ________.a. Memory loss following head traumab. Memory loss following stressc. Feeling detached from the selfd. Feeling detached from the world
Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________.a. Depersonalizationb. Derealizationc. Schizophreniad. Different personalities
Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of ADHD?a. Short attention spanb. Difficulty concentrating and distractibilityc. Restricted and fixated interestd. Excessive fidgeting and
One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________.a. Bed-wettingb. Difficulty relating to othersc. Short attention spand. Intense and inappropriate interest in others
People with borderline personality disorder often ________.a. Try to be the center of attentionb. Are shy and withdrawnc. Are impulsive and unpredictabled. Tend to accomplish goals through cruelty
Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________.a. Emotional deficitsb. Memory deficitsc. Parental overprotectiond. Increased empathy
Discuss why thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are merely atypical or unusual would not necessarily signify the presence of a psychological disorder. Provide an example.
Describe the DSM-5. What is it, what kind of information does it contain, and why is it important to the study and treatment of psychological disorders?
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the DSM differ in various ways. What are some of the differences in these two classification systems?
Why is the perspective one uses in explaining a psychological disorder important?
Describe how cognitive theories of the etiology of anxiety disorders differ from learning theories.
Discuss the common elements of each of the three disorders covered in this section: obsessive compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder.
Describe several of the factors associated with suicide.
Why is research following individuals who show prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia so important?The prevalence of most psychological disorders has increased since the 1980s. However, as discussed in
The prevalence of most psychological disorders has increased since the 1980s. However, as discussed in this section, scientific publications regarding dissociative amnesia peaked in the mid-1990s but
Compare the factors that are important in the development of ADHD with those that are important in the development of autism spectrum disorder.
Imagine that a child has a genetic vulnerability to antisocial personality disorder. How might this child’s environment shape the likelihood of developing this personality disorder?
Identify a behavior that is considered unusual or abnormal in your own culture; however, it would be considered normal and expected in another culture.
Even today, some believe that certain occurrences have supernatural causes. Think of an event, recent or historical, for which others have provided supernatural explanation.
Think of someone you know who seems to have a tendency to make negative, self-defeating explanations for negative life events. How might this tendency lead to future problems? What steps do you think
Try to find an example (via a search engine) of a past instance in which a person committed a horrible crime, was apprehended, and later claimed to have dissociative identity disorder during the
Discuss the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder with a few of your friends or members of your family (choose friends or family members who know little about the disorder) and ask them if they
Who of the following does not support the humane and improved treatment of people with mental illness?a. Philippe Pinelb. Medieval priestsc. Dorothea Dixd. All of the above
The process of closing large asylums and providing for people to stay in the community to be treated locally is known as ________.a. Deinstitutionalizationb. Exorcismc. Deactivationd. Decentralization
Joey was convicted of domestic violence. As part of his sentence, the judge has ordered that he attend therapy for anger management. This is considered ________ treatment.a. Involuntaryb. Voluntaryc.
Today, most people with mental health issues are not hospitalized. Typically they are only hospitalized if they ________.a. Have schizophreniab. Have insurancec. Are an imminent threat to themselves
The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act.a. Cognitive therapyb. Cognitive-behavioral therapyc. Behavior therapyd. Client-centered therapy
Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________.a. Anxiety disordersb. Depressionc. Bipolar disorderd. ADHD
Clay is in a therapy session. The therapist asks him to relax and say whatever comes to his mind at the moment. This therapist is using ________, which is a technique of ________.a. Active listening;
A treatment modality in which 5–10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician is known as ________.a. Family therapyb. Couples therapyc. Group therapyd. Self-help
What happens during an intake?a. The therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client’s support system, and insurance
What is the minimum amount of time addicts should receive treatment if they are to achieve a desired outcome?a. 3 monthsb. 6 monthsc. 9 monthsd. 12 months
When an individual has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substance-related diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, this is known as ________.a. Bipolar disorderb. Comorbid disorderc.
John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________.a. Releaseb. Reversionc.
The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of your ________.a. Educationb. Socioeconomic statusc. Culture and backgroundd. Age
Which of the following was not listed as a barrier to mental health treatment?a. Fears about treatmentb. Languagec. Transportationd. Being a member of the ethnic majority
People with psychological disorders have been treated poorly throughout history. Describe some efforts to improve treatment, include explanations for the success or lack thereof.
Usually someone is hospitalized only if they are an imminent threat to themselves or others. Describe a situation that might meet these criteria.
Imagine that you are a psychiatrist. Your patient, Pat, comes to you with the following symptoms: anxiety and feelings of sadness. Which therapeutic approach would you recommend and why?
Compare and contrast individual and group therapies.
You are conducting an intake assessment. Your client is a 45-year-old single, employed male with cocaine dependence. He failed a drug screen at work and is mandated to treatment by his employer if he
Lashawn is a 24-year-old African American female. For years she has been struggling with bulimia. She knows she has a problem, but she is not willing to seek mental health services. What are some
Do you think there is a stigma associated with mentally ill persons today? Why or why not?
What are some places in your community that offer mental health services? Would you feel comfortable seeking assistance at one of these facilities? Why or why not?

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