Questions and Answers of Psychology 2e

Who pioneered the study of conformity?a. Skinnerb. Aschc. Milgramd. Fiala
Which of the following techniques asks a person to comply with a small initial request to enhance the likelihood that the person will later comply with a larger request?a. Door-in-the-faceb.
The __________ __________ __________ __________technique begins with an outrageous request that makes a subsequent, smaller request seem reasonable.
__________is a change in behavior that is due to another person’s orders.
Any expectation—positive or negative—about an individual solely on the basis of that person’s membership in a group can be a stereotype. True or false?
The negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members is calleda. Stereotypingb. Prejudicec. Self-fulfilling prophecyd. Discrimination
Paul is a store manager who does not expect women to succeed in business. He therefore offers important, high-profile responsibilities only to men. If the female employees fail to move up in the
Joan sees Annette, a new coworker, acting in a way that seems abrupt and curt. Joan concludes that Annette is unkind and unsociable. The next day, Joan sees Annette acting kindly toward another
Suppose you were assigned to develop a full advertising campaign for a product, including television, radio, and print ads. How might the theories in this chapter guide your strategy to suit the
Why do you think the Milgram experiment is so controversial? What sorts of effects might the experiment have had on participants? Do you think the experiment would have had similar results if it had
Imagine that you have been trained to use the various compliance techniques described in this section. Because these compliance techniques are so powerful, should the use of certain such techniques
Do you think women can be victims of stereotype vulnerability? In what topical areas might this occur? Can men be victims of stereotype vulnerability? Why?
How are stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination related? In a society committed to equality, which of the three should be changed first? Why?
Can love be studied scientifically? Is there an elusive quality to love that makes it at least partially unknowable? How would you define “falling in love”? How would you study it?
How would the aggression of the Boston Marathon bombers be interpreted by the three main approaches to the study of aggression: instinct approaches, frustration- aggression approaches, and
What is prenatal care and why is it important?
What makes a personal quality part of someone’s personality?
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.a. Sensationb. Perceptionc. Transductiond. Sensory adaptation
The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the ________.a. Closureb. Perceptual setc. Groundd. Figure
If you had to choose to lose either your vision or your hearing, which would you choose and why?
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?a. Fixed ratiob. Variable ratioc. Fixed intervald. Variable interval
In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.a. A group of same-age peersb. A representative samplec. Children with mental disabilitiesd. Children of average
The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as ________.a. Critical periodb. Mitosisc. Conceptiond. Pregnancy
What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge at conception?a. Embryob. Fetusc. Zygoted. Infant
Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ________.a. Gross motor skillsb. Fine motor skillsc. Large motor skillsd. Small motor skills
The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?a. Secureb. Insecure avoidantc. Insecure ambivalent-resistantd. Disorganized
The frontal lobes become fully developed ________.a. At birthb. At the beginning of adolescencec. At the end of adolescenced. By 25 years old
Who created the very first modern hospice?a. Elizabeth Kübler-Rossb. Cicely Saundersc. Florence Waldd. Florence Nightingale
Which of the following is the order of stages in Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?a. Denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptanceb. Anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance, denialc.
Describe the nature versus nurture controversy, and give an example of a trait and how it might be influenced by each?
Compare and contrast continuous and discontinuous development.
Why should developmental milestones only be used as a general guideline for normal child development?
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation? Provide examples of each.
Why was Carol Gilligan critical of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
What is egocentrism? Provide an original example.
What are some known teratogens, and what kind of damage can they do to the developing fetus?
Describe what happens in the embryonic stage of development. Describe what happens in the fetal stage of development.
Describe some of the newborn reflexes. How might they promote survival?
Compare and contrast the four parenting styles and describe the kinds of childhood outcomes we can expect with each.
What is emerging adulthood and what are some factors that have contributed to this new stage of development?
Describe the five stages of grief and provide examples of how a person might react in each stage.
What is the purpose of hospice care?
How are you different today from the person you were at 6 years old? What about at 16 years old? How are you the same as the person you were at those ages?
Your 3-year-old daughter is not yet potty trained. Based on what you know about the normative approach, should you be concerned? Why or why not?
Explain how you would use your understanding of one of the major developmental theories to deal with each of the difficulties listed below:A. Your infant daughter puts everything in her mouth,
Which parenting style describes how you were raised? Provide an example or two to support your answer.
Would you describe your experience of puberty as one of pride or embarrassment? Why?
Your best friend is a smoker who just found out she is pregnant. What would you tell her about smoking and pregnancy?
Imagine you are a nurse working at a clinic that provides prenatal care for pregnant women. Your patient, Anna, has heard that it’s a good idea to play music for her unborn baby, and she wants to
Have you ever had to cope with the loss of a loved one? If so, what concepts described in this section provide context that may help you understand your experience and process of grieving?
If you were diagnosed with a terminal illness would you choose hospice care or a traditional death in a hospital? Why?
Need for ________ refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.A. AchievementB. AffiliationC. IntimacyD. Power
________ proposed the hierarchy of needs.A. William JamesB. David McClellandC. Abraham MaslowD. Albert Bandura
________ is an individual’s belief in her capability to complete some task.A. Physiological needsB. Self-esteemC. Self-actualizationD. Self-efficacy
Carl mows the yard of his elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?A. ExtrinsicB. IntrinsicC. DriveD. Biological
According to your reading, nearly ________ of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese.A. One halfB. One thirdC. One fourthD. One fifth
________ is a chemical messenger secreted by fat cells that acts as an appetite suppressant.A. OrexinB. AngiotensinC. LeptinD. Ghrelin
________ is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.A. Prader-Willi syndromeB. Morbid obesityC. Anorexia
In order to be classified as morbidly obese, an adult must have a BMI of ________.A. Less than 25B. 25–29.9C. 30–39.9D. 40 or more
Animal research suggests that in male rats the ________ is critical for the ability to engage in sexual behavior, but not for the motivation to do so.A. Nucleus accumbensB. AmygdalaC. Medial preoptic
During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, individuals experience rhythmic contractions of the pelvis that are accompanied by uterine contractions and ejaculation.A. ExcitementB.
Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study?A. Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions.B. Females enjoy sex as much as males.C. Sexual acts between members
Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder have been shown to have reduced volumes of the ________.A. AmygdalaB. HippocampusC. HypothalamusD. Thalamus
According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal.A. James-LangeB. Cannon-BardC. Schachter-Singer two-factorD. Darwinian
Which of the following is not one of the seven universal emotions described in this chapter?A. ContemptB. DisgustC. MelancholyD. Anger
Which of the following theories of emotion would suggest that polygraphs should be quite accurate at differentiating one emotion from another?A. Cannon-Bard theoryB. James-Lange theoryC.
How might someone espousing an arousal theory of motivation explain visiting an amusement park?
Schools often use concrete rewards to increase adaptive behaviors. How might this be a disadvantage for students intrinsically motivated to learn? What are educational implications of the potential
The index that is often used to classify people in terms of weight and body fat is called BMI. Given that BMI is calculated solely on weight and height, how could it be misleading?
As indicated in this section, White women from industrialized, Western cultures tend to be at the highest risk for eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Why might this be?
While much research has been conducted on how an individual develops a given sexual orientation, many people question the validity of this research citing that the participants used may not be
There is no reliable scientific evidence that conversion therapy actually works. What kinds of evidence would you need to see in order to be convinced by someone arguing that they had successfully
Imagine you find a venomous snake crawling up your leg just after taking a drug that prevented sympathetic nervous system activation. What would the James-Lange theory predict about your experience?
Why can we not make causal claims regarding the relationship between the volume of the hippocampus and PTSD?
Can you think of recent examples of how Maslow’s hierarchy of needs might have affected your behavior in some way?
Producers of popular movies and series typically indicate that they have increased representation regarding people of different sizes, sexual orientations, gender expressions, and abilities. Do you
In 2020 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act must apply workplace protections to people regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression. Do you think the
Think about times in your life when you have been absolutely elated (e.g., perhaps your school’s basketball team just won a closely contested ballgame for the national championship) and very
Personality is thought to be ________.a. Short term and easily changedb. A pattern of short-term characteristicsc. Unstable and short termd. Long term, stable and not easily changed
The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ________.a. Psychodynamicb. Temperamentc. Humorsd. Personality
________ is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.a. Hippocratesb. Gallc. Wundtd. Freud
An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ________.a. Phrenologyb. Psychologyc. Physiologyd. Personality psychology
The id operates on the ________ principle.a. Realityb. Pleasurec. Instant gratificationd. Guilt
The universal bank of ideas, images, and concepts that have been passed down through the generations from our ancestors refers to ________.a. Archetypesb. Intuitionc. Collective unconsciousd.
The ego defense mechanism in which a person who is confronted with anxiety returns to a more immature behavioral stage is called ________.a. Repressionb. Regressionc. Reaction formationd.
The Oedipus complex occurs in the ________ stage of psychosexual development.a. Oralb. Analc. Phallicd. Latency
If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their sex assigned at birth, then they could be classified as experiencing ________.A. HomosexualityB. BisexualityC.
Self-regulation is also known as ________.a. Self-efficacyb. Will powerc. Internal locus of controld. External locus of control
Your level of confidence in your own abilities is known as ________.a. Self-efficacyb. Self-conceptc. Self-controld. Self-esteem
Jane believes that she got a bad grade on her psychology paper because her professor doesn’t like her. Jane most likely has an _______ locus of control.a. Internalb. Externalc. Intrinsicd. Extrinsic
Self-concept refers to ________.a. Our level of confidence in our own abilitiesb. All of our thoughts and feelings about ourselvesc. The belief that we control our own outcomesd. The belief that our
The idea that people’s ideas about themselves should match their actions is called ________.a. Confluenceb. Consciousc. Conscientiousnessd. Congruence
The way a person reacts to the world, starting when they are very young, including the person’s activity level is known as ________.a. Traitsb. Temperamentc. Heritabilityd. Personality
Brianna is 18 months old. She cries frequently, is hard to soothe, and wakes frequently during the night. According to Thomas and Chess, she would be considered ________.a. An easy babyb. A difficult
According to the findings of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins, whether raised together or apart have ________ personalities.a. Slightly differentb. Very differentc. Slightly
Temperament refers to ________.a. Inborn, genetically based personality differencesb. Characteristic ways of behavingc. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversiond.
According to the Eysencks’ theory, people who score high on neuroticism tend to be ________.a. Calmb. Stablec. Outgoingd. Anxious
The United States is considered a ________ culture.a. Collectivisticb. Individualistc. Traditionald. Nontraditional
The concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs is known as ________.a. Selective migrationb. Personal oriented personalityc. Socially oriented
Which of the following is NOT a projective test?a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)b. Rorschach Inkblot Testc. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)d. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank

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