Questions and Answers of Psychology 2e

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.a. Persistenceb. Misattributionc. Transienced. Blocking
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up oldmemories is called ________.a. Construction; reconstructionb. Reconstruction; constructionc.
When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a
According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about ________.a. Your best possible future selfb. A traumatic life
The self-referencing effect refers to ________.a. Making the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to youb. Making a phrase of all the first letters of the words you are trying to
Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ________.a. Mnemonic devicesb. Memory-enhancing strategiesc. Elaborative rehearsald. Effortful processing
Compare and contrast implicit and explicit memory.
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, name and describe the three stages of memory.
Compare and contrast the two ways in which we encode information.
What might happen to your memory system if you sustained damage to your hippocampus?
Compare and contrast the two types of interference.
Compare and contrast the two types of amnesia.
What is the self-reference effect, and how can it help you study more effectively?
You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test.
Describe something you have learned that is now in your procedural memory. Discuss how you learned this information.
Describe something you learned in high school that is now in your semantic memory.
Describe a flashbulb memory of a significant event in your life.
Which of the seven memory errors presented by Schacter have you committed? Provide an example of each one.
Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to
Create a mnemonic device to help you remember a term or concept from this chapter.
What is an effective study technique that you have used? How is it similar to/different from the strategies suggested in this chapter?
The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills is known as ________.a. Natureb. Nurturec. Continuous developmentd. Discontinuous development
Developmental psychologists study human growth and development across three domains. Which of the following is not one of these domains?a. Cognitiveb. Psychologicalc. Physicald. Psychosocial
How is lifespan development defined?a. The study of how we grow and change from conception to death.b. The study of how we grow and change in infancy and childhood.c. The study of physical,
The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ________.a. Egocentrismb. Object permanencec. Conservationd. Reversibility
Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?a. Sigmund Freudb. Erik Eriksonc. John Watsond. Lawrence Kohlberg
According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?a. Developing autonomyb. Feeling competentc. Forming an identityd. Forming intimate relationships
Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?a. Zygote, fetus, embryob. Fetus, embryo zygotec. Fetus, zygote, embryod. Zygote, embryo, fetus
One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.a. Associate’sb. Bachelor’sc. Master’sd. Doctoral
Why do you think psychology courses like this one are often requirements of so many different programs of study?
Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science?
How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?
In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?
Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described in this section, how do they all fit together?
What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram’s research on obedience?
Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of work?
Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology?
Why are you taking this course? What do you hope to learn about during this course?
Freud is probably one of the most well-known historical figures in psychology. Where have you encountered references to Freud or his ideas about the role that the unconscious mind plays in
Now that you’ve been briefly introduced to some of the major areas within psychology, which are you most interested in learning more about? Why?
Which of the career options in the field of psychology is most appealing to you?
Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable.a. Observableb. Originalc. Provabled. Testable
________ are defined as observable realities.a. Behaviorsb. Factsc. Opinionsd. Theories
Scientific knowledge is ________.a. Intuitiveb. Empiricalc. Permanentd. Subjective
A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories ________.a. Were too limited in scopeb. Were too outrageousc. Were too broadd. Were not testable
Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n):
________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.a. Archival researchb. Case studyc. Naturalistic observationd. Survey
The major limitation of case studies is ________.a. The superficial nature of the information collected in this approachb. The lack of control that the researcher has in this approachc. The inability
The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________.a. The honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic settingb. How quick and easy these studies are to performc. The researcher’s
Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________.a. Naturalistic observationb. Survey researchc. Longitudinal researchd. Archival research
________ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.a. Archival researchb. Longitudinal researchc. Naturalistic observationd. Cross-sectional research
A(n) ________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.a. Archiveb. Case Studyc. Naturalistic observationd. Survey
Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________.a. Deceptionb. Observationc. Attritiond. Generalization
Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:a. There is no relationship between height and weight.b. Usually, the taller someone is, the thinner they are.c. Usually, the shorter
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?a. –.90b. –.50c. +.80d. +.25
Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?a. Watching too much television leads to poor
The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________.a. It is closest to 0b. It is closest to -1c. It is positived. It is negative
________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.a. Operationalizingb. Placebo effectc. Random assignmentd. Random sampling
The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.a. Dependent variable; independent variableb.
Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.a. Randomly assignb. Randomly selectc.
Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.a. Dependent variableb.
________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.a. Informed consent; deceptionb. IACUC; IRBc. IRB; IACUCd. Deception; debriefing
Researchers might use ________ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses.a. Informed consentb. Deceptionc. Ethicsd. Debriefing
You share half of your genetic makeup with each of your parents, but you are no doubt very different from both of them. Spend a few minutes jotting down the similarities and differences between you
Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?a. Critical thinkingb. Use of the scientific methodc. Critical evaluation of sources of informationd. All
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.a. Biologyb. Chemistryc. Philosophyd. Physics
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.a. Observationb. Measurementc. Testd. Proposed explanation
Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.a. William Jamesb. Max
________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.a. Noam Chomskyb. Carl Rogersc. Abraham Maslowd. Sigmund Freud
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.a. Structuralismb.
The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.a. Skinnerb. Watsonc. Jamesd. Koffka
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as
An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.a. Psychosexual stageb. Object permanencec. Personalityd. Perception
In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.a. Personalityb. Clinicalc. Sociald. I-O
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology.a. Bachelor of scienceb. Bachelor of artc. Master’sd. PhD
The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.a. PhDb. PsyDc. Postdoctoral training programd. Dissertation
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?a. PhDb. PsyDc. Master’s degreed. Bachelor’s degree
________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.a. Jet lagb. Rotating shift workc. Circadian rhythmd. Sleep debt
A person’s participation in a research project must be ________.a. Randomb. Rewardedc. Voluntaryd. Public
Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the ________ form.a. Informed consentb. Debriefingc. IRBd. Ethics
In this section, there was a discussion about researchers arriving at different conclusions about the use of technology in certain student populations, with one study determining that a smartphone
The scientific method is often described as self-correcting and cyclical. Briefly describe your understanding of the scientific method with regard to these concepts.
In this section, conjoined twins, Krista and Tatiana, were described as being potential participants in a case study. In what other circumstances would you think that this particular research
Presumably, reality television programs aim to provide a realistic portrayal of the behavior displayed by the characters featured in such programs. This section pointed out why this is not really the
Which of the research methods discussed in this section would be best suited to study the impact of diet and exercise on the prevalence of a disease such as diabetes? Why?
Aside from biomedical research, what other areas of research could greatly benefit by both longitudinal and archival research?
Earlier in this section, we read about research suggesting that there is a correlation between eating cereal and weight. Cereal companies that present this information in their advertisements could
Recently a study was published in the journal, Nutrition and Cancer, which established a negative correlation between coffee consumption and breast cancer. Specifically, it was found that women
Sometimes, true random sampling can be very difficult to obtain. Many researchers make use of convenience samples as an alternative. For example, one popular convenience sample would involve students
Peer review is an important part of publishing research findings in many scientific disciplines. This process is normally conducted anonymously; in other words, the author of the article being
Some argue that animal research is inherently flawed in terms of being ethical because unlike human participants, animals do not consent to be involved in research. Do you agree with this
At the end of the last section, you were asked to design a basic experiment to answer some question of interest. What ethical considerations should be made with the study you proposed to ensure that
Healthcare professionals cite an enormous number of health problems related to obesity, and many people have an understandable desire to attain a healthy weight. There are many diet programs,
A friend of yours is working part-time in a local pet store. Your friend has become increasingly interested in how dogs normally communicate and interact with each other, and is thinking of visiting
As a college student, you are no doubt concerned about the grades that you earn while completing your coursework. If you wanted to know how overall GPA is related to success in life after college,
We all have a tendency to make illusory correlations from time to time. Try to think of an illusory correlation that is held by you, a family member, or a close friend. How do you think this illusory
Are there any questions about human or animal behavior that you would really like to answer? Generate a hypothesis and briefly describe how you would conduct an experiment to answer your question.
Take a few minutes to think about all of the advancements that our society has achieved as a function of research involving animal subjects. How have you, a friend, or a family member benefited
A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.a. Alleleb. Chromosomec. Epigeneticd. Mutation

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