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social science
psychology 2e
Psychology An Exploration 4th Edition Saundra Ciccarelli, J. White - Solutions
_____________ refers to techniques or interventions that have produced desired outcomes, or therapeutic change in controlled studies.a. Client-friendlyb. Insurance-approvedc. Clinically validd. Evidence-based treatment
What do studies show about the overall effectiveness of online therapy?a. It is a fad, and studies indicate that online therapy is relatively ineffective.b. Online therapy can be effective for people who otherwise might be unable to get to a therapist.c. Studies indicate that many clients who use
Research shows that African American clients prefer a therapist _____________ while Asian men prefer a _____________ therapist.a. of the same sex;femaleb. of the opposite sex; malec. of the same culture;Hispanicd. who is female; White
Dr. Cavendish is trying to establish what is known as a therapeutic alliance with her clients. What specifically should she do to accomplish this goal?a. She should work to better understand the disorder she is treating.b. She should be more confrontational in her approach to make clients aware of
Which of the forms of psychotherapy discussed so far would probably work best for a client who has commitment issues in relationships? Why?
Which of the following is not a noted advantage of group psychotherapy?a. Group therapy is less expensive than individual psychotherapy.b. Group therapy offers social support from people facing similar challenges.c. Group therapy is appropriate for anyone, so it is more “available”to those with
Catherine runs a weekly meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous, and several dozen members come every week. In addition, each week some new members show up to see what the group is all about, and some members who were there the previous week do not return. Which of the following is most likely true about
Erika and William, along with their children Maximillian and Stella, are all seeing a psychologist to help work through some difficulties that have been occurring in their home. From time to time, their therapist opts to work with one of them instead of all four at once. This group of individuals
Which of the following may be an effective option for some concerns if there isn’t a therapist available in your local community?a. family therapyb. group therapyc. self-help groupd. psychodynamic therapy
Barbara’s therapist tells her that she is applying arbitrary inference to her thinking, which ultimately is causing her to be depressed.Which of the following is an example of arbitrary inference?a. Barbara maximizes the bad things she experiences while minimizing the good aspects of life.b.
Which of the following therapies has been successful across multiple settings in the establishment of desirable behaviors and modification of problem behaviors?a. token economiesb. aversion therapyc. systematic desensitizationd. flooding
Dr. Collins uses exposure-based therapies to treat many of her patients. Client A is actually confronted with the situation that causes her anxiety, while Client B is asked to think about and visualize the frightening situation. Client A’s treatment method would be described as _____________,
Dr. Kali works with clients to help them learn deep relaxation. Next, he has them list their fears from least to most anxiety provoking.Finally, Dr. Kali slowly exposes his clients to each of their fears and assists them in gaining control of their anxiety. His approach is best known asa. aversion
Behavior-based therapies are _____________ based, while psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are _____________ based.a. insight; actionb. action; insightc. rationale; medicallyd. medically; action
What are these unrealistic beliefs?
Which of the following cases would a humanistic approach probably be least effective as the first choice of treatment?a. Miranda, a corporate executive who suffers from marked delusions and active auditory hallucinationsb. Kayla, a professional musician who feels worthless and suffers from moderate
Dr. Ellington is directive in his approach with clients. He pays close attention to body language and often focuses on a client’s denied past. What type of therapeutic approach is Dr. Ellington using?a. humanistic approachb. Gestalt approachc. group approachd. behavioral approach
Motivational interviewing is an alternative therapy to what therapeutic approach?a. psychodynamic therapyb. Gestalt therapyc. humanistic therapyd. group therapy
Although the term may apply to many therapies, “transference” is typically associated with _____________ therapies.a. behavioralb. humanisticc. biomedicald. psychodynamic
Which of the following is not one of the main types of therapy noted by your text that helps people improve their overall functioning?a. Regressive therapyb. Action therapyc. Biomedical therapyd. Insight therapy
DeWayne has decided to seek psychotherapy for some personal difficulties he has been having. While on the telephone with one possible clinician, he asks her to describe the kind of treatment approach she uses with clients. “I don’t limit myself to a single theory or approach,” the therapist
Psychotherapies that attempt to increase the understanding of a client’s motives are known as _____________ therapies.a. insightb. actionc. biomedicald. psychoanalytic
One of the first therapists to begin a movement toward the humane treatment of patients wasa. Robert Fleury.b. Philippe Pinel.c. Sigmund Freud.d. Josef Breuer.
Describe how virtual reality can be used in psychotherapy.
Identify some of the newer technologies being used to treat psychological disorders.
Explain how electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery are used to treat psychological disorders.
Categorize types of drugs used to treat psychological disorders.
Identify factors that influence the effectiveness of therapy.
Summarize the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of group therapy.
Compare and contrast different forms of group therapy.
Summarize the goals and basic elements of cognitive and cognitivebehavioral therapies.
Explain how behavior therapists use classical and operant conditioning to treat disordered behavior.
Identify the basic elements of the humanistic therapies known as person-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy.
Describe the basic elements of Freud’s psychoanalysis and psychodynamic approaches today.
Describe how the treatment of psychological disorders has changed throughout history.
Colleen found herself attracted to her psychology instructor. She would frequently go by his office just to be near him. When he didn’t respond to her advances, Colleen eventually told him that she had thoughts of killing herself so that he would spend time trying to counsel her. What personality
What neurotransmitter was first believed to cause schizophrenia?a. GABAb. serotoninc. epinephrined. dopamine
Rodney has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He rarely smiles and often shows little emotion in any situation. Psychologists refer to this characteristic asa. flat affect.b. catatonia.c. positive symptoms.d. negative symptoms.
On your first call as a paramedic, you enter the house of a man who has covered his walls and ceiling in aluminum foil to keep the government from spying on him and stealing his ideas. This is an example of a ____________ delusion.a. persecutionb. referencec. influenced. grandeur
Sexual dysfunctions and problems can be caused bya. organic factors.b. organic and sociocultural factors.c. organic, psychological, and sociocultural factors.d. hereditary factors primarily.
Binge-eating disorder is different from bulimia in that individuals with binge-eating disordera. typically eat much smaller portions before purging the food.b. do not typically purge the food they eat.c. only purge their food after several binge sessions.d. often resort to anorexic methods to rid
Individuals with bulimia often rationalize that since they have had a single treat, their diet is ruined and therefore they might as well go ahead and eat excessively. Such irrational thinking is an example of the cognitive distortion known asa. overgeneralization.b. all-or-nothing thinking.c.
Behavioral theorists link depression to ____________, whereas social cognitive theorists point to ____________.a. distortions in thinking; learned helplessnessb. biological abnormalities; distortions in thinkingc. unconscious forces; learned helplessnessd. learned helplessness; distortions in
Which type of depression is the most common type of mood disorder?a. bipolar disorderb. maniac. seasonal affective disorderd. major depressive disorder
Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a type of dissociative disorder found to have possible ____________ foundations for the experience of detachment.a. biologicalb. psychodynamicc. behaviorald. cognitive
Dissociative amnesia is different from retrograde amnesia becausea. dissociative amnesia is typically psychological in origin.b. retrograde amnesia has been shown to not actually exist.c. dissociative amnesia is caused by a physical blow to the head.d. retrograde amnesia is caused by psychological
Calvin is terribly worried that his college education was wasted when he doesn’t get his dream job. Furthermore, Calvin believes he ruined his future when he did poorly in his job interview. Calvin explains, “I had to ace the interview. It had to be perfect, and it wasn’t!” How might a
Survivors of natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy in 2012 may experience higher incidences ofa. bipolar disorder.b. posttraumatic stress disorder.c. personality disorders.d. schizophrenia.
Dr. Kirby has been meeting with 9-year-old Loren, whose family lost everything in a tornado. In her initial visit, Loren was diagnosed with acute stress disorder. During a 2-month follow-up with Dr. Kirby, Loren is still exhibiting many of the same symptoms.What should Dr. Kirby do?a. Dr. Kirby
Ria experienced a sudden attack of intense fear when she was boarding a plane with her friends to fly to Mexico for spring break.Ria’s heart raced, she became dizzy, and she was certain she would die in a plane crash if she boarded the plane. Subsequently she did not go on her trip, and the plane
Sienna hates to go to restaurants for fear that she will be seated in the far back of the restaurant and be unable to get out in case of an emergency. This may be a symptom ofa. social phobia.b. specific phobia.c. agoraphobia.d. claustrophobia.
Trypanophobia, also known as a fear of receiving an injection, is an example ofa. obsession.b. social phobia.c. anxiety attack.d. specific phobia.
How many axes does the DSM-5 use to aid mental health professionals in making a diagnosis?a. oneb. twoc. fourd. five
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativity?a. Dr. Han believes the voices his patient is hearing stem from a biological cause rather than a psychological cause.b. While Dr. Howard believes hypnosis is the best way to understand all disorders, his approach is not shared by his
In 1972, a jet carrying a rugby team from Peru crashed high in the snow-covered Andes Mountains. Many of the players survived for more than 2 months by eating the remains of those who died.Psychologists justified their cannibalism because that was the only way they could have survived so long
What was the most likely reason why someone would perform an exorcism?a. to relieve fluid pressure on the brainb. to look into the brain to see what was wrongc. to release evil spiritsd. to restore balance to the body’s humors
What factors, other than the ones listed here, might influence the anxiety one feels when taking an exam?
Have you ever experienced test anxiety? What methods did you use to get your worrying under control?
After reviewing the questions raised in the last paragraph above, identify at least two information sources you would pursue and what data you would want to get from them.
Due to the types and degree of emotions often experienced by people with borderline personality disorder, their personal relationships are often characterized by _____________.a. periods of domestic blissb. long-term stabilityc. intense emotions, impulsivity, and relative instabilityd. long periods
One suggested physiological cause of antisocial personality disorder is that people with this condition havea. lack of appropriate short-term memory related to ethical and moral rules.b. lower-than-normal levels of stress hormones.c. increased synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex.d. heightened
Studies show that _____________ personality disorders occur more frequently in women while _____________ personality disorders happen more often in men.a. antisocial; borderlineb. borderline; schizotypalc. schizotypal; antisociald. borderline; antisocial
Which of the following is not an accurate portrayal of antisocial personality disorder?a. Most people with this disorder are female.b. Most people with this disorder are male.c. People with this disorder suffer little or no guilt for their criminal acts.d. People with this disorder are consistently
Neuroimaging studies examining potential causes of schizophrenia have discovered that an area of the brain called the _____________ appears to have significantly less myelin coating on the axons of its neurons in people with schizophrenia compared to those without the condition.a. cingulum bundleb.
Aaron has suffered from schizophrenia for many years and now resides in a group treatment facility. One day, a nurse approaches him and quietly tells him that his sister, who has been fighting cancer for many months, died that morning. Aaron has no appreciable facial reaction, and in a very
Dr. Haldol has several patients with schizophrenia who appear to exhibit excessive or distorted characteristics in relation to what one might consider normal functioning. Specific symptoms include varied hallucinations and multiple delusions. According to the DSM-5, these are referred to asa. flat
Dean believes that characters in a popular science fiction show are secretly sending him messages. This would be an example of a delusion ofa. persecution.b. reference.c. influence.d. grandeur.
Surveys suggest that about _____________ percent of women and _____________ percent of men have at least one sexual dysfunction.a. 10; 25b. 40 to 45; 20 to 30c. 10 to 20; 30 to 40d. 80; 50
What is a major cause of sexual dysfunction?a. psychological stressb. vitamin deficiencyc. level of educationd. heredity
Researchers believe that 40 to 60 percent of the risk for anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder is due toa. genetic factors.b. hormonal factors.c. environmental factors.d. psychological factors.
Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?a. Individuals with anorexia do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia.b. Individuals with bulimia may have a normal body weight, whereas those with anorexia tend to
Jasmine is a teenager who has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. What percentage of individuals with anorexia that receive treatment make a recovery?a. 40 to 60 percentb. 70 to 80 percentc. 80 to 90 percentd. approximately 95 percent
How might the proliferation of various media and the Internet affect the development of eating disorders in cultures not previously impacted by them?
Biological explanations of disordered mood have focused on the effects of several different brain chemicals, and medications used to treat these disorders are designed to work on these various neurotransmitter systems. Which of the following is not one of the chemicals that has been implicated in
What disorder seems to hold an association with bipolar disorder?a. dysthymiab. cyclothymiac. phobic disorderd. ADHD
Studies have suggested the increased rates of major depressive disorder in women may have a basis in _____________a. gender roles, social factors, and emotional processing.b. hormonal differences.c. biological differences.d. heredity.
Jorge finds himself feeling depressed most of the day. He is constantly tired yet he sleeps very little. He has feelings of worthlessness that have come on suddenly and seemingly have no basis in reality. What might Jorge be diagnosed with?a. major depressive disorderb. acute depressive disorderc.
Dissociative symptoms and features can be found in many different cultures. For example, in Southeast Asian and Pacific Islander cultures, people sometimes experience a trancelike state called _____________ that is associated with increased agitation and violent tendencies.a. “TKS”b. koroc.
Dr. Spiegelman believes Dina’s dissociation disorder may be due to her apparent enhanced ability to think about things other than those associated with her traumatic childhood. What psychological perspective is Dr. Spiegelman applying?a. psychodynamic perspectiveb. biological perspectivec.
Tony wakes up on a cot in a homeless shelter in another town. He doesn’t know where he is or how he got there, and he’s confused when people say he has been calling himself Michael. This is most likely an episode of dissociativea. amnesia.b. amnesia with fugue.c. identity disorder.d. multiple
What is the major difference between dissociative amnesia and retrograde amnesia?a. Retrograde amnesia patients often suffer from some form of physical brain trauma.b. Individuals suffering from dissociative amnesia often have a history of memory loss that seems to be hereditary.c. Those suffering
Melanie has just received an exam grade in her psychology class.She earned a grade of 89 percent, which is a B. All of her work during the semester thus far has earned A grades, and she is very upset about the exam score. “This is the worst thing that could possibly have happened,” she laments
Sandy took part in the April 2013 Boston Marathon, where two bombs were detonated near the finish line, killing three spectators.For approximately 2 weeks after the marathon, Sandy was unable to sleep or concentrate and often found herself reliving the moment she heard the bombs explode. What
Makawee has recently given birth to her first child. She mentions that she often goes into her baby’s bedroom to check if he is still breathing.Would this qualify as an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?a. If Makawee continues to carry out this behavior for more than 1 or 2 days, this would
Who is most likely to be diagnosed with a phobic disorder?a. Brianne, who is afraid of snakes after nearly being bitten while runningb. Calista, who is fearful of snakes after watching a documentary on poisonous snakes found in her regionc. Jennifer, who is morbidly afraid of snakes and refuses to
Which of the following concepts is not specifically associated with the DSM-5 examination of culture-related disorders?a. cultural syndromeb. cultural idioms of distressc. cultural explanations or perceived caused. cultural binding
Elliot became widowed after nearly 40 years of marriage. He has convinced himself that no one will ever love him again. His irrational thinking has caused him to suffer from depression, and he rarely leaves his house. What perspective might best explain his behavior?a. psychodynamicb. cognitivec.
In the United States, “insanity” is a term typically used bya. psychologists.b. psychiatrists.c. the social work system.d. the legal system.
Lisa has just been fired from her new job for consistently arriving 2 hours late for work. Lisa tries to explain that she must often drive back home to ensure that all the doors are locked and that no appliances have been left on. Lisa’s condition is abnormal from the
How would the Greek physician Hippocrates have typically dealt with someone suffering from mental illness?a. He would have made a hole in the patient’s skull to release the pressure, a process known today as trephining.b. He would focus on correcting the imbalance of bodily fluids, or humors.c.
In today’s growing technological age, can you think of any new criteria that should be considered in defining abnormal behavior or thinking?
Identify some ways to overcome test anxiety.
Identify potential causes of personality disorders.
Classify different types of personality disorders.
Evaluate the biological and environmental influences on schizophrenia.
Distinguish between the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Describe types of sexual dysfunction and explain how they may develop.
Identify the symptoms and risk factors associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.
Compare and contrast behavioral, social cognitive, and biological explanations for depression and other disorders of mood.
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