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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

An aquarium light bulb has a long, straight glowing filament surrounded by a tubular, clear glass bulb. This lighted bulb, with its filament oriented vertically, is placed \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) from a
A burning candle is placed in front of a screen, and a sheet of cardboard with a small round hole in it is inserted between the candle and the screen as shown in Figure P33.7. Describe the pattern of
Figure P33.8 shows light rays reflected from a smooth surface. Draw three wavefronts along the rays that have not yet struck the surface and three wavefronts along the reflected rays.Data from Figure
For the room shown in Figure P33.9, draw a diagram that shows where a mirror should be mounted so that a person sitting in the chair has a full view of the gate in the fence outside.Data from Figure
A classmate exclaims about the professor's bright blue shirt, "Wow, that shirt has a lot of blue in it!" Evaluate your classmate's statement.
A flat mirror oriented perpendicular to the \(y\) axis of a Cartesian coordinate system extends along the \(x\) axis from \(x=0\) to \(x=4.0 \mathrm{~m}\). An object is located in the \(x y\) plane
The bottom edge of a wall-mounted mirror aligns with your waist, and the top edge aligns with a point somewhere above your head. Draw a diagram that illustrates, when you stand in front of this
The minimum height of a wall mirror in which you can view your entire body is half your height, with the distance from the floor to the bottom of the mirror equal to half the distance between your
Standing \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) away from a large mirror, you see an image of a flashlight in the mirror. If the image appears to be \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) behind the mirror, \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) vertically
A classmate believes that the image you see in a mirror is on the mirror surface rather than behind the mirror. What is something you can do to convince your classmate he is incorrect?
A woman holds a mirror stationary and perfectly verti\(\mathrm{cal}\) as a boy runs toward it at a speed of \(1.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). (a) In her reference frame, what does the woman observe
Consider this statement: Think of the reflection of the Moon on a cloudless night: Look in the ocean, you see a large moon. Look in a pond; the same moon is there. In a puddle, in a
You want to see how your new belt buckle matches your new hat. Your eyes are \(110 \mathrm{~mm}\) below the top of the hat and \(800 \mathrm{~mm}\) above the buckle. You walk up to your mirror and
The light bulb in a bathroom ceiling is directly over a toy boat floating in a bathtub filled with water to a depth \(x\). How does the shadow the boat casts on the bottom of the tub compare with the
While scuba diving, you have injured yourself and must signal the boat on the surface for help. You have five laser pointers, each emitting light of a different color: red, orange, yellow, green, and
The observer in Figure P33.21 is looking at a coin near the edge of a pool filled with water. To this observer, does the water appear to be shallower or deeper than it really is? Data from Figure
In Figure P33.22, a straight plank of lumber enters a pool of water at an angle. What does the plank look like to the observer?Data from Figure P33.22 air water plank actual position
Figure P33.23 depicts incident and all reflected or refracted light rays in three cases, A, B, and C. For each case, state (a) in which material, 1 or 2 , the light travels faster and (b) in which
Parallel red and green laser rays are incident on a glass slab as shown in Figure P33.24. Sketch the rays as they pass through the slab and after they have entered the air to the right of the slab.
A thick layer of transparent oil floats on top of water. Sketch what happens to a ray of light coming in at a \(30^{\circ}\) angle away from the normal to the surface.
Suppose a small flashlight bulb is on the bottom of the bathtub of Problem 19, directly under the toy boat. When this bulb is lit and the ceiling light is turned off, how does the size of the shadow
Suppose the prism in Figure P33.27 is immersed in a liquid in which the speed of light is lower than the speed of light in glass. Describe what happens to the light shown entering at normal
Driving down a long straight highway, you see a reflection of the sky in the road ahead. It disappears before you get to it but reappears down the road continually. Because there is nothing different
White light passing through a prism is dispersed into its constituent colors. Describe how this rainbow of colors can be changed back to white light.
A glass cylinder is placed inside a large beaker, and corn oil is poured into the combination until the beaker is full. If the glass cylinder is now invisible inside the oil, what must you conclude
(a) Draw a simplified ray diagram showing the three principal rays for an object located outside the focal length of a converging lens. (b) Is the image real or virtual? (c) Is it upright or
(a) Draw a simplified ray diagram showing the three principal rays for an object located outside the focal length of a diverging lens. (b) Is the image real or virtual? (c) Is it upright or inverted?
The lens in a magnifying glass is a converging lens, but parallel light rays that pass through a converging lens must converge to a point. This being true, how can a magnifying glass form an image
A lens has a radius of curvature of magnitude \(R\) on its left surface and a radius of curvature of magnitude \(2 R\) on its right surface. Parallel rays entering the lens from the left are focused
Looking at an object through a thin lens, you see a virtual image. Which side of the lens is the image on, or does it appear to be inside the lens? What property of this image tells you whether the
(a) Draw a simplified ray diagram showing the three principal rays for an object located inside the focal length of a diverging lens. \((b)\) Is the image real or virtual?(c) Is it upright or
(a) Draw a simplified ray diagram showing the three principal rays for an object located inside the focal length of a converging lens, closer to the lens than to the focal point. (b) Is the image
An object \(20 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall is placed \(70 \mathrm{~mm}\) to the left of a converging lens that has a focal length of \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\). (a) Draw a scale diagram showing the three principal
An object is placed \(80 \mathrm{~mm}\) to the left of a diverging lens for which the focus is \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\) from the lens.(a) Draw a scale diagram showing the three principal rays, and use
Complete the table below for a converging lens. Object Location Between lens and focus At focus Between focus and twice the focal length At twice the focal length Beyond twice the focal length At
Figure P33.41 shows light passing first through a diverging lens and then through a converging lens placed \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\) to the right of the diverging lens. The rays emerge from the converging
Two identical converging lenses of focal length \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\) are placed \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart, and an object \(40 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall is placed \(230 \mathrm{~mm}\) to the left of the
Light is traveling at a speed of \(1.24 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) through a certain material. Determine what material it is likely traveling through.
What is the index of refraction of a material in which the speed of light is \(7.50 \%\) slower than the speed of light in vacuum?
Green light has a wavelength of \(530 \mathrm{~nm}\) in air. What are the frequency and wavelength of this light in flint glass (index of refraction \(n=1.65\) )? (index of refraction \(n=1.65\) )?
A light ray traveling through medium 1 , index of refraction \(n_{1}=1.45\), reaches the interface between medium 1 and medium 2, index of refraction \(n_{2}=1.24\). (a) At what minimum angle with
A light ray travels up from the bottom of a tank containing mineral water (index of refraction \(n=1.37\) ). If the water surface is smooth, at what minimum angle from the normal to that surface
You shine a laser pointer at an angle of \(30^{\circ}\) from the nor\(\mathrm{mal}\) onto the surface of a thick block of glass for which the index of refraction is \(n=1.5\). (a) What is the angle
In vacuum, the wavelength of the light in your laser pointer is \(538 \mathrm{~nm}\). Standing at the shore of a calm pond, you shine the laser beam onto the water surface at an angle of
A light ray is incident on a layer of oil floating on water. The index of refraction of oil is greater than that of water, which is greater than that of air. Call the angle of incidence in air
The index of refraction in flint glass is 1. 66 for blue light and 1. 61 for red light, with the values for other colors between these limits. A ray of white light traveling from left to right
What is the critical angle for total internal reflection for an optical fiber cable surrounded by air if the index of refraction is (a) 1. 4 and (b) 1. 8 ? (c) Which fiber could have a sharper bend
Show that the ray exiting the block in Figure P33.53 is parallel to the ray entering the block.Data from Figure P33.53
Red light for which the wavelength in air is \(700 \mathrm{~nm}\) strikes a diamond \(\left(n_{\text {diamond }}=2.42\right)\) at an angle of \(40.0^{\circ}\) from the normal to the air-diamond
A light ray travels through medium 1 , index of refraction \(n_{1}=1.1\), into medium 2, index of refraction \(n_{2}=1.5\) (Figure P33.55). At what angle with respect to the normal to the interface
A researcher stands at the end of a lakeside pier, \(4.0 \mathrm{~m}\) above the water surface and \(6.0 \mathrm{~m}\) away from a buoy floating on the lake (Figure P33.56). A rope hangs from the
Figure P33.57 depicts a light ray entering an optical fiber from air and being transmitted through the fiber by total internal reflection. (a) If the index of refraction of the fiber is \(n\), what
A ray traveling through a large vat filled with medium 1 , index of refraction \(n_{1}=1.3\), is incident on a flat layer (thickness \(d=12 \mathrm{~mm}\) ) of medium 2, index of refraction
A toy sits on the bottom of a swimming pool with water depth \(d=1.8 \mathrm{~m}\) (Figure P33.59). To a child who stands at the pool edge and whose eyes are a distance \(h=3.5 \mathrm{~m}\) above
What is the lens strength of a diverging lens that has a focal length of magnitude \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) ?
Mathematically, why can't a single diverging lens produce a real image?
What is the focal length of eyeglasses that have a lens strength of +1.5 diopters?
Using a converging lens that has focal length \(f=100 \mathrm{~mm}\), how far behind the lens do you expect to see a sharp image of an object located \(2.00 \mathrm{~m}\) in front of the lens?
A cheap cell phone camera uses a single lens to form an image on a sensor that is \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\) high and \(5.8 \mathrm{~mm}\) behind the lens. How far do you need to be away from the Eiffel
The objective lens in a telescope that produces a 40 -fold angular magnification has a focal length of \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\). What is the focal length of the eyepiece lens?
An object is placed \(800 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from a thin converging lens that has a focal length of \(500 \mathrm{~mm}\). What are (a) the image distance and (b) the magnification? (c) Draw a
An object is placed \(150 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from a converging thin lens that has a focal length of \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\). What are(a) the image distance and \((b)\) the magnification?(c) Draw a
An object is placed \(600 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from a diverging thin lens for which the focal length is \(-300 \mathrm{~mm}\). What are (a) the image distance and \((b)\) the magnification of the
An object is placed \(200 \mathrm{~mm}\) from a diverging thin lens that has a focal length of \(-500 \mathrm{~mm}\). What are(a) the image distance and \((b)\) the magnification?(c) Draw a
A bug is \(30 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from a lens. As you look through the lens, the bug appears to be just at your near point \((0.250 \mathrm{~m}\) in front of your eyes). If the actual distance
A woman is not able to focus on objects that are closer to her eyes than \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) unless she wears eyeglasses. Her glasses enable her to clearly see objects at the near point of an
Two converging lenses are placed facing each other and \(600 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart, with lens 1 to the left of lens 2 . An object is placed \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) to the left of lens 1 , which has a
An astronomical telescope of angular magnification \(M_{\theta}\) consists of an objective lens and an eyepiece lens separated by a distance \(d\), such that the focal points of the lenses coincide
A schematic diagram of a refractive microscope is shown in Figure P33.74. The focal length of the objective lens is \(25 \mathrm{~mm}\), that of the eyepiece lens is \(63 \mathrm{~mm}\), and the two
Two converging lenses, 1 and 2, are positioned facing each other, with lens 1 on the left. The focal length of lens 1 is \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\), that of lens 2 is \(180 \mathrm{~mm}\), and the two
Two lenses with focal lengths \(f_{1}=100 \mathrm{~mm}\) and \(f_{2}=\) \(200 \mathrm{~mm}\) are placed facing each other a distance \(d=\) \(550 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart, with lens 1 to the left of lens
The focal points of the two converging lenses shown in Figure P33.77 are denoted by solid dots for the left lens and open dots for the right lens. Describe the final image.Data from Figure P33.77 +
In Figure P33.78, a converging lens 1, of focal length \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\), and a diverging lens 2 , of focal length \(-80.0 \mathrm{~mm}\), are \(160 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart. If the object is \(180
Problem 42 describes a setup of two identical converging lenses spaced \(400 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart. Each lens has a focal length of \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\), and a \(40-\mathrm{mm}\)-tall object stands
You need to design a magnification system that provides a magnification of 3. 00 and creates a real, upright image located \(300 \mathrm{~mm}\) from the surface of the final lens in the system. The
You are trying to look at a geosynchronous communications satellite that is \(5.500 \mathrm{~m}\) long. A typical human eye can resolve objects that are \(0.1000 \mathrm{~mm}\) wide when the objects
Sunlight reflected off a mirror you are holding is focused at a point \(160 \mathrm{~mm}\) in front of the mirror. What is the radius of curvature of the mirror?
A spherical mirror for which the radius of curvature is \(R=250 \mathrm{~mm}\) is used to form an image of an object placed a distance \(d=200 \mathrm{~mm}\) in front of the mirror. Where does the
A bathroom shaving mirror has radius of curvature \(R=400 \mathrm{~mm}\). Describe the image of your face formed when you stand \((a)\) a distance \(d_{\text {close }}=100 \mathrm{~mm}\) from the
Passenger-side car mirrors often carry the warning "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear." If the mirror on your car has radius of curvature \(R=-800 \mathrm{~mm}\) and the car behind you
An object is placed \(60 \mathrm{~mm}\) in front of a converging spherical mirror for which the radius of curvature is \(200 \mathrm{~mm}\). What are \((a)\) the image distance and \((b)\) the
A converging mirror that has a radius of curvature of \(70.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) forms an image of an object that is \(20.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall and \(150 \mathrm{~mm}\) in front of the mirror. (a) What is
You stand \(0.50 \mathrm{~m}\) in front of a diverging mirror for which the radius of curvature is \(-3.5 \mathrm{~m}\). (a) Is your image real or virtual? (b) Is it upright or inverted? (c) How far
When you look at yourself in a converging mirror, you appear to be one-fourth your actual size. If you are standing \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) in front of the mirror, what is the mirror's radius of
You wish to use a converging mirror to form an image that is \(N\) times larger than the object. In terms of \(N\) and \(R\), the radius of curvature of the mirror, at what distance ofrom the mirror
A spherical mirror produces a real image of your face that is twice as large as your face. If your face is \(750 \mathrm{~mm}\) from the mirror, what is the radius of curvature of the mirror?
A converging mirror has a focal length of \(300 \mathrm{~mm}\). Calculate the image distance and magnification for an object located \((a)\) halfway between the focal point and the mirror, \((b)\)
Repeat Problem 92 for a diverging mirror. Comment on any similarities or differences with the two types of mirrors.Data from Problem 92A converging mirror has a focal length of \(300 \mathrm{~mm}\).
A security mirror in a shop is designed to give a wide-angle view, but as a result the images it forms are much smaller than their objects. If you want an image that appears \(10.0 \mathrm{~m}\)
The optical system of Figure P33.95 consists of a converging lens and a converging mirror. The focal points of the lens are marked by open dots and the center of curvature of the mirror by a solid
The kind of image a spherical mirror produces for a real object depends on where the object is located relative to the focal point of the mirror. There are three types of spherical
You position an object in front of a spherical mirror for which the magnitude of the radius of curvature is \(R_{1}\). The image formed is real, inverted, and twice as large as the object. You then
All the lenses in Figure P33.98 are surrounded by air. Which of the lenses are converging, and which are diverging?Data from Figure P33.98 A B C D E F )(II)
You have a thin lens that is convex on both surfaces. The material of which the lens is made has index of refraction \(n=1.40\), and the radii of curvature are \(\left|R_{1}\right|=300 \mathrm{~mm}\)
To correct the vision of a near-sighted patient, an optician needs to make a pair of eyeglasses using -3.0-diopter lenses. The lenses are plano-concave, and the front surface (that is, the surface
A plano-convex lens has a focal length of \(170 \mathrm{~mm}\), and the material of which the lens is made has an index of refraction of 1. 6. What is the radius of curvature of the convex surface?
The radius of curvature of one surface of a glass lens \((n=1.45)\) is \(1.50 \mathrm{~m}\). If sunlight is focused at a point \(0.300 \mathrm{~m}\) away from the lens, what is the radius of
The two surfaces of a double convex, thin lens made of plastic each have an absolute value of radius of curvature of \(1.8 \mathrm{~mm}\). If the focal length of the lens is \(4.5 \mathrm{~mm}\),
A lens has an index of refraction of 1. 50 . Its left side curves outward with an absolute value of radius of curvature of \(0.15 \mathrm{~m}\), and its right side curves inward with an absolute
A thin lens is made of material that has an index of refraction of 1. 50 . When an object \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall is placed \(500 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from the lens, an upright image \(21.5

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