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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

When a \(3.0-\mathrm{H}\) inductor is the only element in a circuit connected to a \(60-\mathrm{Hz} \mathrm{AC}\) source that is delivering a maximum emf of \(160 \mathrm{~V}\), the current amplitude
Use phasors to determine the sum of the oscillating potential differences \(v_{1}=(2.0 \mathrm{~V}) \sin \omega t\) and \(v_{2}=(3.0 \mathrm{~V}) \cos \omega t\).
A circuit that allows emfs in one angular-frequency range to pass through essentially unchanged but prevents emfs in other angular-frequency ranges from passing through is called a filter. Such a
Consider the circuit shown in Figure 32.60. (a) Determine the cutoff angular frequency \(\omega_{\mathrm{c}}\) and the phase constant at which \(V_{R}=V_{L}\). (b) Can this circuit be used as a
Consider an RLC circuit, such as the one shown in Figure 32.58. The source emf has amplitude \(160 \mathrm{~V}\) and frequency \(60 \mathrm{~Hz}\). The resistance is \(R=50 \Omega\) and the
Why are none of the bulbs in Figure 31. 24 lit?Data from Figure 31. 24 Figure 31.24 (1) (iii) NNN
In Figure 31. 25, identify the energy conversions that occur between points \(A\) and \(B, B\) and \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{D}\), and \(\mathrm{D}\) and \(\mathrm{A}\).Data from
In Figure 31. 26, bulb B is brighter than bulb C, which in turn is brighter than bulb A. Rank, largest first, \((a)\) the magnitudes of the potential differences across the bulbs, \((b)\) the
In Figure 31. 27, bulb E is brighter than bulb D. Which bulb has \((a)\) the greater potential difference across it, \((b)\) more current in it, and \((c)\) more resistance?Data from Figure 31. 27 D
In Figure 31. 28, which of the three bulbs \(F, G\), and \(H\) light up?Data from Figure 31. 28 (e) H
A thick resistor and a thin resistor of the same length and material are connected in series, as shown in Figure 31. 29. Which resistor has \((a)\) the greater potential difference across it and
A solar cell, which converts solar energy (a form of source energy, see Section 7.4) to electric potential energy, is connected to a small fan. Represent this circuit by a diagram analogous to Figure
In Figure 31.8, two light bulbs are connected to each other by a wire and the combination is connected to a battery. In steady state, bulb A glows brightly and bulb B glows dimly. If the magnitude of
Two identical light bulbs can be connected in parallel or in series to a battery to form a closed circuit. How do the magnitudes of the potential differences across each bulb and the current in the
Consider the three pieces of wire in Figure 31.20. All three are made of the same material and have identical circular cross sections. Conductor A has length \(\ell\); conductors B and \(C\) have
Figure 31.22 shows a rod made of three pieces of conducting material connected end to end. The pieces are of equal size but are made of different materials; pieces A and C have negligible resistance,
Consider a piece of copper wire that is \(10 \mathrm{~m}\) long and has a diameter of \(1.0 \mathrm{~mm}\). The number density of free electrons in copper is \(8.4 \times 10^{28}\) electrons \(/
Consider the circuit shown in Figure 31.36, containing two resistors with resistances \(R_{1}\) and \(R_{2}\) and a battery with an emf \(\mathscr{E}\). Determine the current in the circuit in terms
Even the best batteries dissipate some energy, which means that not all the chemical energy is converted to electric potential energy. We can take this dissipation into account by modeling a nonideal
Consider the circuit shown in Figure 31.42. Determine the magnitude of the potential difference across \(R_{1}\) if \(\mathscr{E}_{1}=\) \(\mathscr{E}_{2}=9.0 \mathrm{~V}\) and
The circuit shown in Figure 31.44 includes a variable resistor, the resistance \(R_{\text {var }}\) of which can be adjusted, and a resistor of unknown value \(R\). A circuit with such a network of
A \(9.0-\mathrm{V}\) and a \(6.0-\mathrm{V}\) battery are connected to each other (Figure 31.47). Each battery has an internal resistance of \(0.25 \Omega\). At what rate is energy dissipated in the
With a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of randomly picking any(a) ace; (b) spade;(c) black-faced card; (d) an even-numbered card?
When a pair of standard dice are thrown, what is the probability that the two dice show the(a) same number; (b) a pair of odd numbers?
A bag contains 13 blue balls, 7 red balls, 10 green balls, and 5 yellow balls. What is the probability of drawing two green balls consecutively?
When three standard dice are rolled, find the probability that the sum of the dots on the three top faces will be 5 ?
A closed container holds 35 monatomic A particles that have a combined energy of 90 units. 85 monatomic \(B\) particles with an unknown amount of combined energy are then added to the container. If,
A certain container holds 50 monatomic particles with a combined energy of 200 units. 25 diatomic particles, with each particle having 2 units of energy, str then added and the system is allowed to
The mass of an oxygen atom is \(2.6567 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{~kg}\). Calculate the rms speed of an oxygen molecule with an average kinetic energy of \(1.38 \times 10^{-25} \mathrm{~J}\).
What is the average kinetic energy of a system made up of \(1.00 \mathrm{~mol}\) of krypton atoms having an average speed of \(125 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) ? The mass of a krypton atom is \(1.39
What is the change in entropy of a half a mole of ideal monatomic gas having an initial thermal energy of \(75.0 \mathrm{~J}\) when this energy is doubled?
Three monatomic ideal gas particles have the following velocities (written in component form) in a coordinate system: \((3.0,4.0) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s},(-6.0,8.0) \mathrm{m} /
Find the rate of change of entropy with respect to thermal energy of a system with an absolute temperature of \(100{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
Find the rms speed of an oxygen molecule at \(0{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The mass of an oxygen atom is \(2.657 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{~kg}\) ?
The molar mass of oxygen \((32 \mathrm{~g})\) is slightly greater than that of nitrogen \((14 \mathrm{~g})\). But in a tank, the molecules of oxygen have the same rms speed as the molecules of
A \(1.00-\mathrm{m}\) long cylindrical container with a diameter of \(1.20 \mathrm{~m}\) contains monatomic ideal gas at \(2.00 \mathrm{~atm}\).(a) How much thermal energy do the particles of this
A jar contains a mixture of helium gas and krypton gas, with the sample containing equal masses of the two gases, \(m_{\text {sample, } \mathrm{He}}=m_{\text {sample,Kr }}\). Both gases are
A Kelvin thermometer and a Fahrenheit thermometer both give the same reading for a certain sample at what numerical value?
You poured freshly brewed hot tea into a cup. A thermometer indicates that its temperature is \(96.8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Convert this temperature into the Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales.
You are monitoring the temperature of a solution in the laboratory. Using a thermometer, you recorded a temperature of \(40.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Two hours later, about to do the same measurement,
While converting a list of degrees Celsius temperatures to degree Fahrenheit, you notice that both scales have the same numerical value at a certain reading. What is this number?
When a certain ideal gas thermometer is placed in water at the freezing point, the mercury level in the right arm is \(869 \mathrm{~mm}\) above the reference mark. How far is the mercury level above
When a certain ideal glass thermometer is at room with a temperature of \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the mercury level in the right arm is \(245 \mathrm{~mm}\) above the reference mark. When the
When a certain ideal gas thermometer is immersed in water at the triple point, the mercury level in the right arm is \(124 \mathrm{~mm}\) above the reference mark. When this thermometer is then
How much energy is needed to boil \(750 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at freezing point?
A 250-g piece of an unknown metal has been in boiling water for several minutes. To bring this metal at room temperature \(\left(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right), 89.8 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of heat must be
How much heat energy is needed to convert a mixture of \(20.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of ice and \(35.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at thermal equilibrium to steam at \(100.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? If this energy
A \(0.350-\mathrm{kg}\) aluminum calorimeter contains \(0.110 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water, and both are at room temperature \(\left(20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\). A \(0.280-\mathrm{kg}\) block of lead
Let \(t_{2}=2 t_{1}\) in Figure 17.3. (a) How does \(R_{1}\) compare with \(R_{2}\) ? (b) If the energy in the wave is \(E\) and there is no dissipation of energy, what is the energy per unit length
Notice that in the views of the surface wave in Figure 17.1 the amplitude does not decrease with increasing radial distance \(r\). How could such waves be generated? Figure 17.1 Cutaway views of a
Does the wave speed along the chain shown in Figure 17.9 increase or decrease when(a) the spring constant of the springs is increased and(b) the mass of the beads is increased? Figure 17.9 A simple
(a) Plot the velocity of the beads along the chain in Figure \(17.9 b\) as a function of their equilibrium position \(x\). (b) Plot the linear density (number of beads per unit length) as a function
Even though the sound of a common type of loudspeaker carries in all directions, the loudness in front of the speaker is considerably greater than the loudness behind it. What is the shape of the
(a) What is the medium displacement at a point halfway between a filled circle and a neighboring open circle in Figure 17.14 b? (b) Sketch the variation of this displacement as a function of time.
Is a point halfway between a filled and a neighboring open circle in Figure 17.14 b a node?Figure 17.14 (a) ( crests troughs (b) nodal line antinodal line Watch this point: currently a point of
(a) If the amplitude of the wave generated by each source in Figure 17.16 is \(A\) at points \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{Q}\), what is the overall amplitude at \(\mathrm{P}\) in Figure 17.16 a? In
By how many wavelengths are the sources in Figure \(17.16 a\) separated? Figure 17.16 Less can be more. (a) When both sources generate waves, point Q lies on a nodal line and thus never experiences
Along the leftward and rightward extensions of the straight line joining \(S_{1}\) and \(S_{2}\) in Figure 17.16, why are there no nodes to the left of \(S_{1}\) and to the right of \(S_{2}\) ?
How does the wave amplitude along the beam of wavefronts in Figure 17.20 change with distance from the row of sources? Figure 17.20 A 10A-wide row of 100 coherent sources produces nearly planar
Suppose the barriers in Figure 17.22 were held at an angle to the incident wavefronts. Sketch the transmitted wavefronts for the case where the width of the gap is much smaller than the wavelength of
In Exercise 17.5, how many clarinets must play at the same time in order to increase the intensity level from \(70 \mathrm{~dB}\) to \(80 \mathrm{~dB}\) ?Exercises 17.5A clarinet can produce sound
The lines in band A in Figure 17.28 are more closely spaced than those in band B.(a) How many more lines does band A have between points P and S?(b) Describe what happens to the pattern if band B is
Do two sound waves of slightly different frequencies and different amplitudes cause beats?
In Example 17.8, what is the frequency of the sound the horn makes?Data from Example 17.8Standing alongside a straight section of railroad track as a train passes, you record the sound of the train's
(a) Suppose an observer moves at half the speed of sound toward a stationary source of sound waves. By what factor does the observed frequency differ from the emitted frequency? (b) By what factor
Does an observer moving at twice the speed of sound toward a stationary sound source detect a sonic boom?
Estimate the speed of the bullet in Figure 17.36. Figure 17.36 Shock wave produced by a bullet traveling through air.
In Figure 18.3c, suppose you push the left piston rightward with a force of magnitude \(10 \mathrm{~N}\). (For now, ignore normal forces.) (a) To keep the water in the cylinder at rest, what force
Consider a plastic cup full of water. (a) Is the water exerting a force on the bottom of the cup? (b) On the sides of the cup? (c) Is the water pressure negative, zero, or positive?
How does the pressure in the liquid vary with height above the bottom of the container in Figure 18.7? Figure 18.7 Pressure increases with distance below the surface because liquid layers at the top
How far below the surface of a deep body of water is the pressure twice what it is at the surface?
(a) What happens to the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the brick in Figure 18.9a when the brick is held deeper in the water?(b) What happens to the pressure difference when the
If the buoyant force exerted on an object is always equal in magnitude to the force of gravity exerted on the fluid displaced by the object, why does a brick placed in a barrel of water sink?
A pan with a rock in it is floating in water. Suppose you remove the rock and use a very lightweight string to suspend it from the bottom of the pan (Figure 18.14). If the combination still floats,
Instead of laminar fluid flow past a stationary object as in Figure 18.18a, consider the motion of an object moving at constant velocity through a stationary fluid. Do you expect the flow pattern
The cloth roof of a convertible car often bulges at high speed, even when the top fits tightly and no wind is getting caught under it. Explain what causes the bulging.
How does the air pressure in the uninflated part of the balloon in Figure 18.27 compare with the air pressure in the inflated part? Figure 18.27 A partially inflated balloon. The tension is greatest
(a) What is the difference between the pressure just below the water surface in a pool and the pressure in the air just above it? (b) Is the pressure inside a raindrop greater than, equal to, or
Explain why surface effects cannot support a large solid cylinder made of the same material as a needle.
Consider a book lying on a table at sea level with the front cover facing up. The book is \(0.28 \mathrm{~m}\) tall, \(0.22 \mathrm{~m}\) wide, and \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick; its mass is \(3.0
A dart that has a suction cup at one end sticks to a ceiling. Describe what force holds the dart against the ceiling.
An object floats with \(80 \%\) of its volume submerged in water. How does the average mass density of the object compare with that of water?
Oil and water don't mix, and the mass density of oil is smaller than that of water. Suppose water is poured into a U-shaped tube that is open at both ends until the water surface is halfway up each
In the derivation of Eq. 18.21, we ignored the effect of atmospheric pressure on the two pistons. How is the result we obtained affected by atmospheric pressure? F = A2 F1- A1 (18.21)
Suppose that the diameter of the hole in Example 18.9 is \(10.0 \mathrm{~mm}\), the bucket diameter is \(0.50 \mathrm{~m}\), and the distance from the hole to the water surface is \(0.30
What is Laplace's law, Eq. 18.51, for a soap bubble? 2y Pin - Pout (spherical surface). (18.51) R
The nitrogen molecules in Exercise 19.1 move considerably faster than the pendulum and continuously bombard the pendulum from all sides.(a) Why does this bombardment slow the pendulum down? (b) When
How would Brownian motion change if the mass of the grain in Figure 19.1 were increased? Figure 19.1 A grain of pollen suspended in water undergoes a random zigzag motion due to collisions with
What sum of dots are you most likely to throw with two dice?
Suppose you are tossing four coins and decide to define the system's macrostate after any throw as the number of heads thrown. How many (a) macrostates(b) basic states are there for this system?(c)
What are the six ways in which you can distribute three energy units over three particles such that one of the particles has two energy units?
What is the probability of finding (a) all of the energy in the pendulum and(b) either zero or one unit of energy in the pendulum?
(a) Averaged over a long time interval, for what fraction of the time interval does the pendulum in Figure 19.3 have more than \(50 \%\) of the energy of the system? (b) Does this fraction increase,
Suppose a container holds a gas made up of two kinds of particles 1 and 2 , with \(m_{2}=2 m_{1}\). Assume the particles interact via elastic collisions. (a) How do the average kinetic energies of
Suppose there are initially two indistinguishable particles in the left compartment of the container in Figure 19.9a. After the partition is removed, what is the probability at any given instant of
(a) What is the probability of finding all six particles of Figure 19.10 in one compartment?(b) Of finding five particles in one compartment? Figure 19.10 an instant when all particles are in top
Suppose the partition in Figure 19.9 is designed to slide freely to the left and right. It is positioned in the center so that the container is divided into two equal compartments and clamped in
In the system shown in Figures 19.3 and 19.4, suppose each collision transfers exactly one unit of energy from one colliding object to the other.(a) If the system is in the macrostate that has six
Suppose the system in Figure 19.4 is in the macrostate in which two energy units are in the pendulum and one collision takes place.(a) What are the accessible macrostates? (b) What is the
How many ways are there to distribute two indistinguishable energy units among six distinguishable particles?

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