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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

An object that is \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall is placed \(75 \mathrm{~mm}\) in front of a converging thin lens. If the image is inverted and \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\) tall, what are (a) the distance of the
When an object is placed \(1.5 \mathrm{~m}\) in front of a converging mirror, an image of the object appears twice as high behind the mirror.(a) Is the image real or virtual? (b) Is it upright or
Consider the system comprising the singleloop circuit shown in Figure 31.1a, including the light and thermal energy generated by the bulb.(a) Is this system closed?(b) Is the energy of the system
Two wires connect the plates of a charged capacitor to the contacts of a light bulb. (a) Does this assembly constitute a circuit? If so, identify the power source and the load. (b) Does the bulb
Suppose you connect a light bulb to a battery. How do you expect the current in the bulb to vary over the course of \((a)\) a minute, \((b)\) a few days?
Does an electron lose or gain electric potential energy (a) while moving inside a battery from the positive terminal to the negative terminal (b) while moving through the rest of the circuit from
(a) Which light bulb in Example 31.2 has the greater resistance?(b) Suppose you connect each bulb separately to the battery. Do you expect the current in bulb A to be greater than, equal to, or
In Figure 31.9, treat the parallel combination of two light bulbs as a single circuit element. Is the resistance of this element greater than, equal to, or smaller than the resistance of either bulb?
If each battery in Figure 31.16 has an emf of \(9 \mathrm{~V}\), what is the magnitude of the potential difference across \((a)\) bulb \(\mathrm{A}\) and \((b)\) bulb \(\mathrm{B}\) ? (c) If the two
Suppose the distance between the spheres in Figure 31.18 is \(\ell\) and the potential difference between them is \(V_{12}\). What is the magnitude of the electric field inside the connecting rod?
Sketch the electric field lines inside the conductors in Figures 31.18 and 31.19. Figure 31.18 The source of the electric field in a current-carrying conductor. (For simplicity, we assume that the
If a potential difference of \(9 \mathrm{~V}\) is applied across the conductor in Figure 31.21, what is the magnitude of the potential difference (a) across the wide part (b) across the narrow
(a) Does the electric field do work on the electrons of Figure \(31.30 b\) as they accelerate between collisions?(b) On average, does the kinetic energy of the electrons increase as they drift
If the temperature of a metal is raised, the amplitude of the vibrations of the metal-lattice ions increases. (a) What effect, if any, do you expect these greater vibrations to have on the resistance
If \(\mathscr{E}_{1} Figure 31.33 reference direction for current I R www
In the analysis of the circuit in Figure 31.34, we chose a clockwise reference direction for the current and a clockwise direction of travel. Redo the analysis using (a) a clockwise reference
(a) In Figure 31.37, determine the potential difference between \(\mathrm{c}\) and \(\mathrm{b}\) by going counterclockwise from c to b.(b) For \(\mathscr{E}=9 \mathrm{~V}, R_{1}=10 \Omega\), and
Let \(\mathscr{E}=9 \mathrm{~V}, R_{1}=3 \Omega, R_{2}=10 \Omega\), and \(R_{3}=5 \Omega\) in Figure 31.40. (a) What is the equivalent resistance of the three resistors?(b) What is the current in
If \(R_{\text {var }}\) in Figure 31.44 is adjusted to a little less than \(12 \Omega\), what is the direction of the current in the light bulb? Figure 31.44 6.00 9.0 V aQ www 1.50 ww Rvar d R pb
The SI units of power suggested by Eqs. 31.42 and 31.43 are \(A \cdot V\) and \(\mathrm{A}^{2} \cdot \Omega\), respectively. Show that these SI units are equivalent to the derived SI unit for power,
(a) In Example 31.12, how would the answer change if we had chosen a counterclockwise travel direction around the circuit?(b) At what rate is energy dissipated in the \(9-\mathrm{V}\) battery?Data
In Figure P31.13, bulb A is brighter than bulb B, B is brighter than \(\mathrm{C}\), and \(\mathrm{C}\) is brighter than \(\mathrm{D}\). Is it possible for the potential difference across bulb
The bulbs A, B, C, and D are connected in series with a 12.0-V battery, and the steady current through bulb \(A\) is \(1.0 \mathrm{~A}\). Bulbs B and C, respectively, produce twice and three times as
Wires A, B, C, D, and E meet at a junction point O. The current in wire \(\mathrm{D}\) and \(\mathrm{E}\) is twice as in wire \(\mathrm{A}\) and four times as in \(\mathrm{C}\), respectively. The
(a) Given a copper wire with radius \(850 \mu \mathrm{m}\) carrying a uniform current of \(25 \mathrm{~mA}\), calculate the magnitude of electric field applied to this wire.(b) We have given two
Given a copper wire of length \(100 \mathrm{~cm}\), radius \(0.8 \mathrm{~mm}\), and resistivity \(1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot \mathrm{m}\), find its resistance and current through the wire if
To connect two devices, you need a \(40 \mathrm{~m}\) long copper wire. If the needed resistance of the wire is \(0.5 \Omega\), then what should be the diameter of the wire? If the voltage drop
Determine the current density when 5.0 A of current is flowing through a copper wire of radius \(0.6 \mathrm{~mm}\). By what amount does current density change if the wire's radius is doubled?
Gauge is a term used to describe the size of a wire: The greater the gauge, the smaller the wire diameter. At room temperature, 6-gauge wire has a diameter of \(4.115 \mathrm{~mm}\), and 22-gauge
You have a piece of copper wire and a piece of carbon rod, each \(1.5 \mathrm{~m}\) long and each having a cross-sectional area of \(8.0 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^{2}\). When you connect the copper
Three resistors are connected in series to a battery providing an emf of \(24 \mathrm{~V}\). If the resistances are \(R_{1}=8 \Omega, R_{2}=5 \Omega\), and \(R_{3}=3 \Omega\), what is the current
A nonideal battery connected to a resistor \(R_{1}\) in a circuit results in the current \(I_{1}\), if the same battery connected to a resistor \(R_{2}\) gives current \(I_{2}\). (a) What should be
List all the different resistances one can obtain using three resistors, each of value \(50 \Omega\). \(\cdot\)
The potential difference between positions \(\mathrm{a}\) and \(\mathrm{b}\) in Figure P31.51 is \(6 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(R_{1}=4.0 \Omega, \mathscr{E}_{1}=10.0 \mathrm{~V}\), and
For the circuit shown in Figure P31.53, calculate (a) the magnitude and direction of the current (b) the potential differences \(V_{\mathrm{ab}}, V_{\mathrm{bc}}, V_{\mathrm{cd}}\), and
(a) What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit in Figure P31.55? Use the values \(R_{1}=10 \Omega, R_{2}=60 \Omega\), and \(R_{3}=5 \Omega\).(b) What is the current in the circuit? Assume
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit in Figure P31.59? Use the values \(R_{1}=4.0 \Omega, R_{2}=2.0 \Omega\), \(R_{3}=1.0 \Omega, R_{4}=3 \Omega, R_{5}=1.0 \Omega\), and \(R_{6}=2.5
In Figure P31.67, calculate the magnitudes of currents \(I_{1}\), \(I_{2}\), and \(I_{3}\). Figure P31.67 300 www 12 V 12 1200 9V 1.5 V 1000 (2 600 02 1.5 V
In Figure P31.69, calculate(a) the equivalent resistance of the circuit (b) the magnitude of the current through each resistor. Use these values: \(R_{1}=1.2 \Omega, R_{2}=2.0 \Omega\), \(R_{3}=2.0
In Figure P31.72, \(\mathscr{E}_{1}=5.0 \mathrm{~V}, \mathscr{E}_{2}=5.0 \mathrm{~V}, \mathscr{E}_{3}=1.5 \mathrm{~V}\), \(R_{1}=50 \Omega, R_{2}=50 \Omega\), and \(R_{3}=50 \Omega\). What are(a) the
Three resistances \(R, 2 R\), and \(3 R\) are connected in parallel in an electric circuit. Find the ratio of energy dissipation in \(R, 2 R\), and \(3 R\).
(a) Determine the current through and the potential difference across each resistor in Figure P31.83. Assume that \(R_{1}=R_{2}=R_{3}=R_{4}=3.0 \Omega, \quad \mathscr{E}_{1}=9.0 \mathrm{~V}\), and
The current through a \(60-\mathrm{W}\) light bulb is \(2 \mathrm{~A}\) when connected to a nonideal battery with \(\mathrm{emf} \mathscr{E}=120 \mathrm{~V}\). Determine the bulb's resistance and
If the rate at which energy is dissipated by resistor 1 in Figure P31.86 is \(2.5 \mathrm{~W}\), and \(R_{1}=10 \Omega, \mathscr{E}_{1}=12 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(\mathscr{E}_{2}=6 \mathrm{~V},\) (a)
We have two types of wire made up of copper and aluminum. (a) If these wires are of same length, radius, and carry same current, which wire has higher rate of energy loss? (b) For same rate of energy
Consider a strip of material that has a rectangular crosssection with height \(310 \mu \mathrm{m}\) and width \(4.2 \mathrm{~mm}\) and which carries a uniform current of \(5.5 \mathrm{~mA}\).(a) What
Calculate the mean free time \(\tau\) between the collisions for the conduction electron in copper. \(\left[n=8.49 \times 10^{28} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}\right.\), \(\left.ho_{\mathrm{Cu}}=1.68 \times
Given a wire of length \(5.5 \mathrm{~m}\) and radius \(1.2 \mathrm{~mm}\), find the type of material it is made up of if it carries a current of \(1.31 \mathrm{~A}\) and dissipates electrical energy
The battery in Figure P31.95 has internal resistance \(R_{\text {batt }}=4.0 \Omega\) and maintains an \(\operatorname{emf} \mathscr{E}=12.0 \mathrm{~V}\). What is the resistance \(\mathrm{R}\) of
(a) Just before the inductor is connected to the charged capacitor, what type of energy is contained in the system comprising the two elements? (b) Once the two elements are connected to each other,
(a) Is energy dissipated in the resistor in the circuit of Figure 32.6?(b) If so, why doesn't the amplitude of the oscillations of \(v_{R}\) and \(i\) (shown in Figure 32.7) decrease with time?
Construct a phasor diagram for the time dependent current and potential difference at \(t=0\) in the AC source-resistor circuit of Figure 32.6. Figure 32.6 www E 90 R
What are the initial phases for the phasors in Figures 32.13 and 32.20? Figure 32.13 Phasor diagram and graph showing time dependence of VR and i from Figure 32.7. VR DR t T
Is a piece of \(n\)-type silicon positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral?
In the diode of Figure \(32.28 a\), which way do holes travel? Which way do electrons travel? Figure 32.28 (a) Circuit symbol for a diode. (b) Schematic of a diode made using integrated-circuit
Suppose a sinusoidally varying potential difference is applied across a diode connected in series with a resistor. Sketch the potential difference across the diode as a function of time, and then, on
In a bipolar transistor, what relationship, if any, exists among \(I_{b}, I_{c}\), and the emitter current \(I_{e}\) ?
Circuit diagrams for two logic gates are shown in Figure 32.39. Which is the AND gate, and which is the OR gate? Explain briefly how each one works. Figure 32.39 (a) +5 V (b) +5 V A o transistor 1 A
(a) In Figure 32.44, is the potential at point a higher or lower than the potential at \(\mathrm{b}\) when the current direction is clockwise through the circuit?(b) If we define such a current to be
As in the \(L C\) circuit, the current in the circuit of Figure 32.47 oscillates. If we think of \(v_{C}\) as corresponding to the position of the simple harmonic oscillator, what property of the
For the three circuits discussed in this section (AC source with resistor, capacitor, or inductor), sketch for a given emf amplitude (a) the resistance or reactance as a function of angular
Suppose you need to add two potential differences that are oscillating at different angular frequencies-say, \(2 \sin (\omega t)\) and \(3 \cos (2 \omega t)\). Can you use the phasor method described
Interchange the resistor and the capacitor in Figure 32.57, and then show that the high-pass filter becomes a low-pass filter. Figure 32.57 C www R Vos out
(a) Calculate the maximum potential difference across each of the three circuit elements in Example 32.10.(b) Is the sum of the amplitudes \(V_{R}, V_{L}\), and \(V_{C}\) equal to the amplitude of
How does the resonance curve in Figure 32.63 change if the value of \(C\) or \(L\) is changed? Figure 32.63 Current and phase changes in the RLC circuit of Figure 32.58. (a) Frequency dependence of
In an \(R L C\) series circuit, you measure \(V_{R}=4.9 \mathrm{~V}, V_{L}=6.7 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(V_{C}=2.5 \mathrm{~V}\). Is the angular frequency of the \(\mathrm{AC}\) source above or below
Calculate the rate \(P_{\mathrm{av}}\) at which energy is dissipated in the \(R L C\) series circuit of Example 32.10.Data from Example 32.10Consider an RLC circuit, such as the one shown in Figure
If the circuit in Figure P32.8 operates at \(50 \mathrm{~Hz}\) with \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=120 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(R=15.0 \Omega\), how much energy is dissipated in the resistor in \(1.5 \mathrm{~s}\)
In a circuit consisting of a \(2 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) resistor connected in series with a \(50 \mathrm{mH}\) inductor, the amplitude of the emf is \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=20 \mathrm{~V}\), and a
The reactance of a \(10-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor is \(X_{C}=200 \Omega\). What is the angular frequency of the current through the capacitor?
Figure P32.41 shows resistors \(R_{1}=10.0 \Omega\) and \(R_{2}=20.0 \Omega\) connected in parallel to an AC source.(a) If the maximum current in the circuit is \(12 \mathrm{~A}\), what is the
In the parallel circuit of Figure P32.45, the current amplitude is the same through the inductor branch, the capacitor branch, and the resistor branch. If \(L=0.36 \mathrm{mH}\) and \(\mathrm{C}=1.0
For a given series RLC circuit, draw the variation of \(X_{L}\), \(X_{C}\), and impedance with frequency.
For a given series RLC circuit, draw the variation of phase angle with frequency.
For a given series RLC circuit, draw the variation of impedance and current with frequency.
A circuit consists of an AC source wired in series to a \(1500-\Omega\) resistor and a \(1.5-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor. For a source emf amplitude \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=800.0 \mathrm{~V}\),
For a series RLC circuit, charge at time \(t\) is given as \(q(t)=Q e^{-R t / 2 L} \cos \left(\omega^{\prime} t+\phi\right)\), where \(Q\) is the amplitude at time \(t=0\). If \(R=2 \Omega, C=2.3 \mu
An AC source with \(\mathscr{E}_{m}=220 \mathrm{~V}\) AC has a frequency of \(50.0 \mathrm{~Hz}\) and produces the same maximum current in two series circuits. Each circuit contains a \(160-\Omega\)
In problem 50, how many oscillations are completed within the time at which the amplitude of the charge oscillations in the circuit will be \(40 \%\) of its initial value?Data from Problem 50For a
(a) What can you say, at all instants, about \(v_{R}, v_{C}\), and \(v_{L}\) in the parallel circuit of Figure P32.58?(b) Construct a phasor diagram for \(V_{R}, V_{C}, V_{L}\), and \(\mathscr{E}\)
Two AC potential differences \(v_{1}=V_{1} \sin \left(\omega t+\phi_{1}\right)\) and \(v_{2}=V_{2} \sin \left(\omega t+\phi_{2}\right)\) are added according to\[ \begin{aligned} v_{\text {sum }} & =V
A series RLC circuit consists of \(R=10 \Omega, L=0.6 \mathrm{H}\), and \(C=10 \mu \mathrm{F}\). Determine the impedance at resonant frequency, \(10 \mathrm{~Hz}\) below resonant frequency, and \(10
An inductor resonates at \(2 \mathrm{kHz}\) when placed in series with a \(1.80-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor. When driven at that resonant angular frequency, an AC source for which \(\mathscr{E}_{\text
In Figure P32.68, \(C_{1}=1.00 \mu \mathrm{F}, C_{2}=2.00 \mu \mathrm{F}\), and \(L=\) \(47.0 \mathrm{mH}\). Which circuit has the lower resonant angular frequency, and what is that resonant angular
An RLC circuit consists of a \(220-\Omega\) resistor, a \(3.3-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor, and a \(3.9-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor. The circuit is connected to a power outlet that has a peak emf of \(150
A given capacitor of capacitance \(3.5 \mu \mathrm{F}\) is charged to \(65 \mathrm{~V}\). The charging battery is then disconnected and a \(15-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor is connected in series with this
(a) Corresponding to each step in Figure \(32.2(a)-(b)\), draw bar graphs for stored magnetic and electric energies.(b) What should be next time \(t_{2}\) when, again, \(U_{E}=0.5 U_{E, \max }\) ?
An AC circuit with a \(240-\mathrm{V}\) peak emf has a \(30.0-\Omega\) resistor connected in series to a capacitor for which the capacitive reactance is \(X_{C}=60.0 \Omega\).(a) What is the phase
At time \(t=0\), an LC oscillator begins to oscillate when the capacitor has its maximum charge. Assume the resistance to be zero in the circuit. If \(L=30 \mathrm{mH}\) and \(C=2.5 \mu \mathrm{F}\),
An \(R L C\) series circuit consists of a \(450-\Omega\) resistor, a \(3.00-\mathrm{mF}\) capacitor, and a \(1.00-\mathrm{H}\) inductor. The circuit is driven by a power source that oscillates at
A solenoid can be treated as a series \(R L\) circuit. If such a cylindrical solenoid driven by a \(60-\mathrm{Hz}, 120-\mathrm{V} \mathrm{AC}\) source has 1200 turns of \(2 \mathrm{~cm}\) radius
Find the potential difference \(v_{X}(t)\), its amplitude \(V_{X}\), and current \(i_{X}(t)\), its amplitude \(I_{X}(X=R, C, L)\), if you are given a(a) purely resistive load with resistance \(R=100
An \(R L C\) series circuit containing a \(30.0-\Omega\) resistor, a \(7.5-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, and a \(10-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor is driven by an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source operating at \(1200
Suppose that in Example 29.1 you used a circular loop rather than a rectangular loop of the same area. What similarities and differences would you observe in each portion of Figure P29.8 parts
To measure the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field \(B_{E}\), you use a single conducting coil with an area \(A=10 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) rotating at an angular speed \(\omega\), and measure the peak emf
A conducting loop having radius \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) is held fixed, and there is a magnetic flux of \(0.6 \mathrm{~T} . \mathrm{m}^{2}\) through the loop. When the magnetic field is turned off, the
A rectangular loop of length \(\ell=4 \mathrm{~cm}\), width \(w=3 \mathrm{~cm}\), and internal resistance \(R=0.5 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{A}\) is located so that the normal to the loop is parallel to a
Suppose you are fabricating a device to measure the orientation of the Erath's magnetic field (i.e., \(50 \mu \mathrm{T}\) ). The device can accommodate a single conducting coil attached to a motor
A \(50-\mathrm{cm}\)-long metal rod is placed in a uniform magnetic field with the rod length perpendicular to the field direction (Figure P29.26). The rod moves at \(0.10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\),
The very long cylindrical solenoid of Figure P29.27 has a radius of \(0.50 \mathrm{~m}\) and 1200 windings per meter along its length. A circular conducting loop of radius \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\), and

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