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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

An electron travels at a constant velocity at a distance \(d_{1}=4.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) above a large sheet of metal that carries a current of \(3 \mathrm{~A}\), and at a distance \(d_{2}=3.0
A coaxial cable carries a current \(I_{\text {wire }}\) in its inner conducting wire and a current \(I_{\text {shell }}\) in its outer conducting shell. The radius of the wire is \(R_{\text {wire
A particle is shot at a velocity of \(3 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) to the right and enters the magnetic field generated by a large, flat current-carrying sheet. The current in the sheet
A long solenoid having 16 windings per centimeter of length carries a current of \(0.8 \mathrm{~A}\). Calculate the magnitude of magnetic field inside the solenoid.
Considering the magnetic field produced at the center of solenoid is uniform, one need to produce a magnetic field of magnitude \(0.06 \mathrm{~T}\). If the available current that one can use to flow
A long solenoid with 1000 windings per meter is placed with its central axis parallel to the \(y\) axis and \(20 \mathrm{~mm}\) above a sheet of metal that is \(0.5 \mathrm{~m}\) wide in the \(y\)
A small coil, of area \(2 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\), carries a current of \(1.5 \mathrm{~A}\). The coil is suspended inside a solenoid at an angle of \(45^{\circ}\) with respect to the magnetic field. The
If the magnitude of magnetic field produced at a radial distance of \(8.5 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~m}\) from the center of a toroid of 300 windings is equal to the magnetic field produced inside a
A current of 10 A flows through a toroid that has 300 circular windings per meter measured along the interior edge of the windings. The radius of each circular winding is \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\), and the
A \(100-\mathrm{mm}\) section of wire is bent into a circular arc. What must the radius of the arc be for a current of \(6.0 \mathrm{~A}\) to produce a magnetic field of \(7.5 \times 10^{-5}
The magnetic field a distance \(z\) above the centre of a circular loop of radius \(r\) carrying current \(I\) in the \(x y\) plane is \(\vec{B}=\frac{\mu_{0} I r^{2}}{2\left(r^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{3 /
A small coil, of area \(2 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\), carries a current of \(1.5 \mathrm{~A}\). The coil is suspended inside a solenoid at an angle of \(45^{\circ}\) with respect to the magnetic field. The
One runs into trouble when trying to apply Ampère's law to the magnetic field of a moving charge. For instance, what is the current enclosed by an Ampèrian path that encircles the path of the
The electromagnetic force between two particles, both of mass \(m\), with one having charge \(+q\) and the other having charge \(-q\) can cause them to orbit in a circle around the centre of the line
The length of a straight solenoid is \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\). If a current of 12 A flows through the solenoid produces a magnetic field of magnitude \(0.06 \mathrm{~T}\) inside it, calculate the number
Two parallel rods having length \(12 \mathrm{~cm}\) and a separation of \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\) carry current from left to right. If current through wire 1 is \(10 \mathrm{~A}\) and through wire 2 is
A wire segment of \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) and carrying a current of \(5.0 \mathrm{~A}\) is held in a plane in which it can rotate and translate with little friction. A long wire is fixed parallel to this
You have a solenoid for which a current \(I\) per winding produces a magnetic field of magnitude \(B_{1}\) inside the soleniod. You cut the solenoid open parallel to its symmetry axis. You then
You need to design a square toroid such that the magnetic field in the centre of the square windings is \(0.0020 \mathrm{~T}\), and the side length of a square winding is \(3 \mathrm{~cm}\). The wire
Is it possible separate positive and negative charges unequally in two objects by a charge-separating method or by any mechanical equipment?
If you are designing a Van de Graaff generator, would you prefer to replace the spherical metallic dome with a dome of some other shape to achieve better charge storage? Justify your answer.
A piece of wool is used to charge two plastic spheres of negligible radius. When the spheres are held \(20 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart, they repel each other with \(16 \mathrm{~N}\) of force. If the wool
Suppose two capacitor plates have an area of \(1 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) and are initially separated by \(2 \mathrm{~mm}\). Each plate holds \(5 \mu \mathrm{C}\) of charge. How much energy is required to
A capacitor connected to a battery initially holds a charge of \(+q\) on its positive plate and \(-q\) on its negative plate. The electric field between the plates is initially \(\vec{E}\). A
A capacitor initially has a charge of magnitude \(q\) on each plate. When a dielectric is inserted between the plates, the bound surface charge on the two dielectric surfaces facing the plates has a
The term emf (electromotive force) represents work done per unit charge. Why, then, is it termed erroneously as "force" (or electromotive force)?
A \(10-\mathrm{V}\) battery is used for a capacitor to get charged with air inside the plates. If the air is replaced with mica, will the voltage of the battery reduce if it is given that mica has
Suppose that the metal electrodes in a battery are shaped like large parallel plates and are \(2.00 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart so that they are essentially a parallel-plate capacitor. If the battery
A capacitor having capacitance \(10 \mathrm{pF}\) is connected to a \(9-\mathrm{V}\) battery. If you consider a cylindrical Gaussian surface around the capacitor, calculate the net electric flux
Can you increase the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor to infinity? Explain your answer.
A coaxial capacitor consisting of an inner wire and an outer cylindrical shell has a length of \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\) and an outer diameter of \(4 \mathrm{~mm}\). When connected to a \(16.0-\mathrm{V}\)
How is Farad is a high unit of measuring the capacitance? Explain your argument by considering a parallelplate capacitor having a plate separation of (d) \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) and plate area
In a parallel plate capacitor, transfer of \(2 \times 10^{36}\) electrons takes place when connected to a \(12-\mathrm{V}\) battery. Estimate the energy stored in the capacitor.
Suppose a certain battery has an internal emf of \(15 \mathrm{~V}\) but the potential difference across its terminals is only \(80 \%\) of that value. If that battery is connected to a \(47 \mu
If you are constructing a parallel-plate capacitor, having air and paper as the dielectric medium between the plates, which dielectric material within the plates will make the capacitor act better?
A parallel-plate capacitor with air between its plates can hold \(6 \mathrm{pC}\) of charge per volt of potential difference across its plates. When a barium titanate dielectric slab completely fills
A spherical capacitor has an inner radius of \(5 \mathrm{~cm}\) and an outer radius of \(6 \mathrm{~cm}\). With air between the spheres, the capacitor is connected to a \(12-\mathrm{V}\) battery and
A solid conducting sphere of radius \(R\) and carrying charge \(+q\) is embedded in an electrically neutral nonconducting spherical shell of inner radius \(R\) and outer radius \(2 R\). The material
A solid conducting sphere of radius \(R=10 \mathrm{~cm}\) is embedded in an electrically neutral nonconducting spherical shell that has inner radius \(R\), outer radius \(2 R\), and is made of a
Why are capacitors used in external defibrillators instead of high-voltage batteries?
When a parallel-plate capacitor has air between its plates and is connected to a \(12.0-\mathrm{V}\) battery, its capacitance is \(33 \mathrm{nF}\). The capacitor is then submerged in distilled
Because we cannot see any obvious difference between the ends of a bar magnet, could it be that like poles attract each other and unlike poles repel each other?
(a) Is the interaction between a charged object and an electrically neutral object always attractive? Why or why not? (b) In Figure 27.4, which type of magnetic pole is induced at the top of each
(a) Draw the elementary magnets inside a bar magnet and a horseshoe magnet, using the half-filled-circle format shown in Figures 27.8 and 27.9.(b) How many poles does the magnetized ring in Figure
(a) Which end of a compass needle is a north pole: the end that points toward Earth's North Pole or the other end? (b) If you place a compass near the north pole of a magnet, what happens to the
(a) What is the effect of the north pole of the bar magnet on the compass needle in Figure 27.11a? (b) What is the combined effect of the bar magnet's north and south poles on the needle? (c) A
(a) Consider a single elementary magnet inside a closed surface. Given that elementary magnets are particles without spatial extent, is the magnetic field line flux through the closed surface
What is the direction of the magnetic field lines inside the bar magnet of Figure 27.13? Figure 27.13 Magnetic field line pattern surrounding a bar magnet. N S
(a) Is the rod in Figure 27.16 electrically charged while connected to the battery? (b) Is there an electric field due to the rod at the positions of the compasses in Figure 27.16? Figure 27.16 A
Sketch the magnetic field line pattern in the horizontal plane around the rod in Figure 27.16. Figure 27.16 A flow of charge carriers through a conducting rod causes a circular alignment of compass
Can you replace the current-carrying rod of Figure 27.16 by a magnet and get the same magnetic field? Figure 27.16 A flow of charge carriers through a conducting rod causes a circular alignment of
Use Figure 27.20 to determine the direction of the magnetic force exerted by the magnet on the wire when the magnet is in the orientations shown(a) in Figure 27.21a(b) in Figure 27.21b. Figure 27.20
Determine the directions of the forces exerted by two parallel rods with currents in the same direction.
Consider the two identical rods in Figure 27.26, one moving and the other at rest relative to observer E, at rest in the Earth reference frame. Suppose a second observer \(\mathrm{M}\) moves along
What is the direction of current through the rod in(a) Figure 27.27b and(b) Figure 27.27c?(c) Is the direction of the force in Figure \(27.27 c\) in agreement with what we learned about the
Suppose the charge carriers flowing through the horizontal bar in Example 27.2 are negatively charged. In which direction must they flow so that the magnetic force exerted on the wire is still
A cube \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) on each side is placed in a \(1.0-\mathrm{T}\) magnetic field with the field perpendicular to one surface of the cube. What are (a) the magnetic flux through the side
A proton and an electron travel through a region of uniform magnetic field \(\vec{B}\). If their speeds are the same, what is the ratio \(R_{\mathrm{p}} / R_{\mathrm{e}}\) of the radii of their
In Figure 27.41, do \(\vec{F}_{\mathrm{p}}^{B}\) and \(\vec{F}_{\mathrm{p}}^{E}\) still cancel if the charged particle(a) carries a negative charge,(b) travels in the opposite direction,(c) travels
(a) Express the magnitude of the electric field inside the strip in Figure 27.43 in terms of the width \(w\) of the strip and the potential difference \(V_{\mathrm{RL}}\). (b) Given the magnitude
Explain why the \(1 / r\) dependence expressed in Eq. 27.38 is consistent with the symmetry of the wire causing the magnetic field. B = = 2kI rco 2k I (27.38) &
A compass sits on a table with its needle pointing to Earth's North Pole. A bar magnet with its long axis oriented along an east-west line is brought toward the compass from the east. If the needle
Draw the magnetic field lines associated with the magnets in Figures \(27.1 b-d\) (both outside and inside the magnets). Assume that the pole on the left of each magnet is the north pole. Figure 27.1
For each situation shown in Figure 27.28, apply the appropriate right-hand rule to determine the direction at position \(\mathrm{P}\) of the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying wire.
For each situation in Figures \(27.20a, 27.20 b\), and \(27.21 a\), reverse the polarity of the magnet and then apply the appropriate right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force exerted
You place two magnets side by side but, instead of attracting, the magnets repel each other. Provide a possible explanation of your observation.
Is it possible to separate the north pole from the south pole of a bar magnet by cutting it in half? Explain your reasoning.
How can the direction of the magnetic field at a certain point along a curved field be determined?
A \(0.40-\mathrm{m}\) wire carries a current of \(1.7 \mathrm{~A}\) and is at angle to a \(0.20-\mathrm{T}\) uniform external magnetic field. What must be the angle between the wire and the magnetic
A square loop of side \(a=50 \mathrm{~cm}\) is suspended from the left arm of a scale, which is kept at equilibrium by adding weights to the right side. The lower half of the loop is in a uniform
A square loop of side length \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) is placed on a wooden table in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude \(0.5 \mathrm{~T}\). The greatest magnetic flux through the loop is measured when
A circular loop of diameter \(150 \mathrm{~mm}\) is placed on a wooden table that makes angle of \(24.5^{\circ}\) with a uniform magnetic field. What must be the magnitude of the magnetic field if
A square loop of wire has a perimeter of \(60 \mathrm{~cm}\) and is oriented such that two of its parallel sides form a \(30^{\circ}\) angle with the horizontal. A uniform horizontal magnetic field
An electron is moving at speed \(7.0 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude \(0.80 \mathrm{~T}\).(a) What is the diameter of the circular
An electron that has been accelerated through a \(100-\mathrm{V}\) potential difference moves in a circular orbit perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.4 T. For this electron,
The isotopes magnesium-24 (mass \(3.983 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{~kg}\) ) and magnesium-26 (mass \(4.315 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{~kg}\) ) are to be separated using a mass spectrometer in which the
A particle that has mass \(m\) and charge \(q\) enters a uniform magnetic field of magnitude \(B\). The initial velocity \(v\) of the particle forms an angle of \(30^{\circ}\) with the magnetic
A horizontal metal strip \(1.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick and \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\) wide carries a 12-A current along its length, and both the length and the width are perpendicular to a uniform magnetic
When a wire \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) long carries a 10-A current in the \(+x\) direction in a uniform external magnetic field, the magnetic force exerted by the field on the wire is \(3 \mathrm{~N}\) in
A positively charged particle of mass \(m\) and charge \(+q\) moves in a circle of radius \(r\) in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude \(B\). How does the radius of the particle's motion change
Suppose you repeat the charging (starting again with uncharged rod and fur), but this time you rub longer and twice as much charge accumulates at each point on the two objects. How do the following
Will doubling the separation distance between the charged rod and fur in Figure 26.1a increase, decrease, or not change the potential energy of the rod-fur system? Figure 26.1 When we charge a rubber
If you include the person doing the rubbing in the system considered in Figure 26.1, what is the resulting energy diagram? Figure 26.1 When we charge a rubber rod and a piece of fur by rub- bing them
(a) Suppose that we disconnect the wires from the plates after the capacitor is charged as shown in Figure \(26.5 \mathrm{c}\). How does the potential difference between the plates after the wires
Suppose the two capacitors in Figure 26.8 are each connected to a 9-V battery.(a) Which of the two capacitors stores the greater amount of charge?(b) If, instead of the separation distance
Suppose the capacitor in Figure \(26.9 a\) is charged and then disconnected from the battery.(a) As the conducting slab is inserted in the capacitor, as in Figure 26.9b, does the amount of charge on
(a) Does the position of the slab in Figure 26.9 affect the potential difference across the capacitor? Consider, in particular, the case in which the slab is moved all the way to one side and makes
Why are the electrons displaced in a direction opposite the electric field?
(a) In which direction does the electric field due to the bound surface charge point at a location above the top surface in Figure 26.13c?(b) In which direction does it point at a location between
(a) If the magnitude of the bound surface charge on the dielectric slab in Figure \(26.14 b\) were equal to the magnitude of the free charge on the capacitor plates, what would be the electric field
Given that the electric field is the same in both capacitors in Figure 26.15, which stores the greater amount of electric potential energy? Figure 26.15 The presence of a polarized dielectric
As electrons leave one terminal and are added to the other, ions in the electrolyte must flow in the direction indicated in Figure 26.16 to maintain an even distribution of charge. What must be the
Given that the cell does positive work on the electrons, why is it that the work in both energy diagrams in Figure 26.17 is negative? Figure 26.17 Schematic diagram of a lead-acid cell and of the
Two capacitors, A and B, are each connected to a 9-V battery. If \(C_{\mathrm{A}}>C_{\mathrm{B}}\), which capacitor stores the greater amount of charge?
The plate spacing in a typical parallel-plate capacitor is about \(50 \mu \mathrm{m}\). (a) What is the plate area in a \(1-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor? (b) Given that the electric field at which
Coaxial cables used for cable television typically have a central metallic core of \(0.20-\mathrm{mm}\) radius, surrounded by a cylindrical metallic sheath of \(2.0-\mathrm{mm}\) radius. The two are
(a) To calculate the "capacitance" of an isolated sphere, evaluate the result we obtained in Example 26.4 in the limit that \(R_{2}\) goes to infinity.(b) What is the capacitance of the spherical
A \(1.0-\mu \mathrm{F}\) parallel-plate capacitor with a plate spacing of \(50 \mu \mathrm{m}\) is charged up to the breakdown threshold. (a) If the electric field in the air between the capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area \(A\) separated by a distance \(d\). The magnitude of the charge on each plate is \(q\). (a) Determine the magnitude of the force exerted by the
To store electric potential energy, the flash unit on a typical camera uses a \(100-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor charged to a potential difference of \(300 \mathrm{~V}\). When the flash is fired, the

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