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physics
physics scientists and engineers

Questions and Answers of Physics Scientists and Engineers

Dee is on a swing in the playground. The chains are 2.5 m long, and the tension in each chain is 450 N when Dee is 55 cm above the lowest point of her swing. Tension is a vector directed along the
Kami is walking through the airport with her two-wheeled suitcase. The suitcase handle is tilted 40° from vertical, and Kami pulls parallel to the handle with a force of 120 N. (Force is measured in
A pine cone falls straight down from a pine tree growing on a 20° slope. The pine cone hits the ground with a speed of 10 m/s. What is the component of the pine cone’s impact velocity(a) Parallel
Jack and Jill ran up the hill at 3.0 m/s. The horizontal component of Jill’s velocity vector was 2.5 m/s.a. What was the angle of the hill?b. What was the vertical component of Jill’s velocity?
You are fixing the roof of your house when a hammer breaks loose and slides down. The roof makes an angle of 35° with the horizontal, and the hammer is moving at 4.5 m/s when it reaches the edge.
A cannon tilted upward at 30° fires a cannonball with a speed of 100 m/s. What is the component of the cannonball’s velocity parallel to the ground?
You go to an amusement park with your friend Betty, who wants to ride the 30-m-diameter Ferris wheel. She starts the ride at the lowest point of a wheel that, as you face it, rotates
The minute hand on a watch is 2.0 cm in length. What is the displacement vector of the tip of the minute handa. From 8:00 to 8:20 A.M.?b. From 8:00 to 9:00 A.M.?
A runner is training for an upcoming marathon by running around a 100-m-diameter circular track at constant speed. Let a coordinate system have its origin at the center of the circle with the x-axis
Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answer.(a) The magnitude of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems.(b) The direction of a vector can be different in
Suppose two vectors have unequal magnitudes. Can their sum be zero? Explain.
Can a vector have zero magnitude if one of its components is nonzero? Explain.
Can a vector have a component equal to zero and still have nonzero magnitude? Explain.
Is it possible to add a scalar to a vector? If so, demonstrate. If not, explain why not.
Can the magnitude of the displacement vector be more than the distance traveled? Less than the distance traveled? Explain.
The Starship Enterprise returns from warp drive to ordinary space with a forward speed of 50 km/s. To the crew’s great surprise, a Klingon ship is 100 km directly ahead, traveling in the same
A rubber ball is shot straight up from the ground with speed v0. Simultaneously, a second rubber ball at height h directly above the first ball is dropped from rest.a. At what height above the ground
A sprinter can accelerate with constant acceleration for 4.0 s before reaching top speed. He can run the 100 meter dash in 10.0 s. What is his speed as he crosses the finish line?
Careful measurements have been made of Olympic sprinters in the 100 meter dash. A quite realistic model is that the sprinter’s velocity is given byvx = a(1 - e-bt)Where t is in s, vx is in m/s, and
Careful measurements have been made of Olympic sprinters in the 100 meter dash. A simple but reasonably accurate model is that a sprinter accelerates at 3.6 m/s2 for 3 1/3 s, then runs at constant
A rocket is launched straight up with constant acceleration. Four seconds after liftoff, a bolt falls off the side of the rocket. The bolt hits the ground 6.0 s later. What was the rocket’s
You are given the kinematic equation or equations that are used to solve a problem. For each of these, you are to:a. Write a realistic problem for which this is the correct equation(s). Be sure that
The two masses in FIGURE P2.75 slide on friction less wires. They are connected by a pivoting rigid rod of length L. Prove that v2x= - v1ytan Î¸.Figure P2.75 L.
When a 1984 Alfa Romeo Spider sports car accelerates at the maximum possible rate, its motion during the first 20 s is extremely well modeled by the simple equationWhere P = 3.6 Ã— 104
Your goal in laboratory is to launch a ball of mass m straight up so that it reaches exactly height h above the top of the launching tube. You and your lab partners will earn fewer points if the ball
As an astronaut visiting Planet X, you’re assigned to measure the free-fall acceleration. Getting out your meter stick and stop watch, you time the fall of a heavy ball from several heights. Your
A motorist is driving at 20 m/s when she sees that a traffic light 200 m ahead has just turned red. She knows that this light stays red for 15 s, and she wants to reach the light just as it turns
One game at the amusement park has you push a puck up a long, friction less ramp. You win a stuffed animal if the puck, at its highest point, comes to within 10 cm of the end of the ramp without
Bob is driving the getaway car after the big bank robbery. He’s going 50 m/s when his headlights suddenly reveal a nail strip that the cops have placed across the road 150 m in front of him. If Bob
A very slippery block of ice slides down a smooth ramp tilted at angle θ. The ice is released from rest at vertical height h above the bottom of the ramp. Find an expression for the speed of the ice
Amir starts riding his bike up a 200-m-long slope at a speed of 18 km/h, decelerating at 0.20 m/s2 as he goes up. At the same instant, Becky starts down from the top at a speed of 6.0 km/h,
Ann and Carol are driving their cars along the same straight road. Carol is located at x = 2.4 mi at t = 0 h and drives at a steady 36 mph. Ann, who is traveling in the same direction, is located at
You are 9.0 m from the door of your bus, behind the bus, when it pulls away with an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. You instantly start running toward the still-open door at 4.5 m/s.a. How long does it
A basketball player can jump to a height of 55 cm. How far above the floor can he jump in an elevator that is descending at a constant 1.0 m/s?
A hotel elevator ascends 200 m with a maximum speed of 5.0 m/s. Its acceleration and deceleration both have a magnitude of 1.0 m/s2.a. How far does the elevator move while accelerating to full speed
A lead ball is dropped into a lake from a diving board 5.0 m above the water. After entering the water, it sinks to the bottom with a constant velocity equal to the velocity with which it hit the
A 1000 kg weather rocket is launched straight up. The rocket motor provides a constant acceleration for 16 s, then the motor stops. The rocket altitude 20 s after launch is 5100 m. You can ignore any
A 200 kg weather rocket is loaded with 100 kg of fuel and fired straight up. It accelerates upward at 30 m/s2 for 30 s, then runs out of fuel. Ignore any air resistance effects.a. What is the
You are at a train station, standing next to the train at the front of the first car. The train starts moving with constant acceleration, and 5.0 s later the back of the first car passes you. How
A cheetah spots a Thomson’s gazelle, its preferred prey, and leaps into action, quickly accelerating to its top speed of 30 m/s, the highest of any land animal. However, a cheetah can maintain this
You are playing miniature golf at the golf course shown in FIGURE P2.51. Due to the fake plastic grass, the ball decelerates at 1.0 m/s2when rolling horizontally and at 6.0 m/s2on the slope. What is
Two cars are driving at the same constant speed on a straight road, with car 1 in front of car 2. Car 1 suddenly starts to brake with constant acceleration and stops in 10 m. At the instant car 1
You’re driving down the highway late one night at 20 m/s when a deer steps onto the road 35 m in front of you. Your reaction time before stepping on the brakes is 0.50 s, and the maximum
You are driving to the grocery store at 20 m/s. You are 110 m from an intersection when the traffic light turns red. Assume that your reaction time is 0.50 s and that your car brakes with constant
FIGURE P2.46 shows a set of kinematic graphs for a ball rolling on a track. All segments of the track are straight lines, but some may be tilted. Draw a picture of the track and also indicate the
The takeoff speed for an Airbus A320 jetliner is 80 m/s. Velocity data measured during takeoff are as shown.t (s) ___________ vx (m/s)0 …………………….. 010 ………………….. 2320
Draw position, velocity, and acceleration graphs for the ball shown in FIGURE P2.44. See Problem 43 for more information.Figure P2.44 Vor
FIGURE P2.45 shows a set of kinematic graphs for a ball rolling on a track. All segments of the track are straight lines, but some may be tilted. Draw a picture of the track and also indicate the
A ball rolls along the smooth track shown in FIGURE P2.43. Each segment of the track is straight, and the ball passes smoothly from one segment to the next without changing speed or leaving the
A particle’s velocity is given by the function vx = (2.0 m/s) sin (pt), where t is in s.a. What is the first time after t = 0 s when the particle reaches a turning point?b. What is the particle’s
A particle’s acceleration is described by the function ax = (10 – t) m/s2, where t is in s. Its initial conditions are x0 = 0 m and v0x = 0 m/s at t = 0 s.a. At what time is the velocity again
A particle’s velocity is described by the function vx = k t2 m/s, where k is a constant and t is in s. The particle’s position at t0 = 0 s is x0 = - 9.0 m. At t1 = 3.0 s, the particle is at x1 =
A particle’s velocity is described by the function vx = (t2 - 7t + 10) m/s, where t is in s.a. At what times does the particle reach its turning points?b. What is the particle’s acceleration at
A block is suspended from a spring, pulled down, and released. The block€™s position-versus-time graph is shown in FIGURE P2.38.a. At what times is the velocity zero? At what times is the
Particles A, B, and C move along the x-axis. Particle C has an initial velocity of 10 m/s. In FIGURE P2.37, the graph for A is a position-versus-time graph; the graph for B is a velocity-versus time
The position of a particle is given by the function x = (2t3 – 6t2 + 12) m, where t is in s.a. At what time does the particle reach its minimum velocity? What is (vx)min?b. At what time is the
The position of a particle is given by the function x = (2t3 - 9t2 + 12) m, where t is in s.a. At what time or times is vx = 0 m/s?b. What are the particle’s position and its acceleration at this
A particle moving along the x-axis has its velocity described by the function vx = 2t2 m/s, where t is in s. Its initial position is x0 = 1 m at t0 = 0 s. At t = 1 s what are the particle’s(a)
A particle moving along the x-axis has its position described by the function x = (2t3 + 2t + 1) m, where t is in s. At t = 2 s what are the particle’s(a) Position,(b) Velocity, and(c) Acceleration?
FIGURE EX2.32 shows the acceleration graph for a particle that starts from rest at t = 0 s. What is the particle€™s velocity at t = 6 s?Figure Ex 2.32 a, (m/s?) 10- 5- 0- -t (s) 2
FIGURE EX2.31 shows the acceleration-versus-time graph of a particle moving along the x-axis. Its initial velocity is v0x= 8.0 m/s at t0= 0 s. What is the particle€™s velocity at t = 4.0
A small child gives a plastic frog a big push at the bottom of a slippery 2.0-m-long, 1.0-m-high ramp, starting it with a speed of 5.0 m/s. What is the frog’s speed as it flies off the top of the
A snowboarder glides down a 50-m-long, 15o hill. She then glides horizontally for 10 m before reaching a 25o upward slope.Assume the snow is friction less.a. What is her velocity at the bottom of the
A skier is gliding along at 3.0 m/s on horizontal, friction less snow. He suddenly starts down a 10o incline. His speed at the bottom is 15 m/s.What is the length of the incline?How long does it take
A rock is dropped from the top of a tall building. The rock’s displacement in the last second before it hits the ground is 45% of the entire distance it falls. How tall is the building?
As a science project, you drop a watermelon off the top of the Empire State Building, 320 m above the sidewalk. It so happens that Superman flies by at the instant you release the watermelon.
A rock is tossed straight up from ground level with a speed of 20 m/s. When it returns, it falls into a hole 10 m deep.(a) What is the rock’s velocity as it hits the bottom of the hole?(b) How long
A student standing on the ground throws a ball straight up. The ball leaves the student’s hand with a speed of 15 m/s when the hand is 2.0 m above the ground. How long is the ball in the air before
A car starts from rest at a stop sign. It accelerates at 4.0 m/s2 for 6.0 s, coasts for 2.0 s, and then slows down at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 for the next stop sign. How far apart are the stop signs?
A Porsche challenges a Honda to a 400 m race. Because the Porsche’s acceleration of 3.5 m/s2 is larger than the Honda’s 3.0 m/s2, the Honda gets a 1.0 s head start. Who wins? By how many seconds?
A speed skater moving to the left across friction less ice at 8.0 m/s hits a 5.0-m-wide patch of rough ice. She slows steadily, then continues on at 6.0 m/s. What is her acceleration on the rough ice?
When you sneeze, the air in your lungs accelerates from rest to 150 km/h in approximately 0.50 s. What is the acceleration of the air in m/s2?
a. How many days will it take a spaceship to accelerate to the speed of light (3.0 × 108 m/s) with the acceleration g?b. How far will it travel during this interval?c. What fraction of a light year
A jet plane is cruising at 300 m/s when suddenly the pilot turns the engines up to full throttle. After traveling 4.0 km, the jet is moving with a speed of 400 m/s. What is the jet’s acceleration,
a. What constant acceleration, in SI units, must a car have to go from zero to 60 mph in 10 s?b. How far has the car traveled when it reaches 60 mph? Give your answer both in SI units and in feet.
FIGURE EX2.12 shows the velocity-versus-time graph for a particle moving along the x-axis. Its initial position is x0= 2.0 m at t0= 0 s.a. What are the particle€™s position, velocity, and
FIGURE EX2.11 shows the velocity graph of a particle moving along the x-axis. Its initial position is x0= 2.0 m at t0= 0 s. At t = 2.0 s, what are the particle€™s(a) Position,(b) Velocity,
FIGURE EX2.7 showed the velocity graph of blood in the aorta. What is the blood€™s acceleration during each phase of the motion, speeding up and slowing down?Figure Ex 2.7 5 (m/s) 1.04 0.8-
FIGURE EX2.9 shows the velocity graph of a particle. Draw the particle€™s acceleration graph for the interval 0 s ‰¤ t ‰¤ 4 s.Figure Ex 2.9 (m/s) 4+ 2- t (s) 0+ 2
FIGURE EX2.8 shows the velocity graph for a particle having initial position x0= 0 m at t0= 0 s. At what time or times is the particle found at x = 35 m?Figure Ex 2.8 V (m/s) 10- 5. 0- 2 4 6 -t (s)
FIGURE EX2.7 is a somewhat idealized graph of the velocity of blood in the ascending aorta during one beat of the heart. Approximately how far, in cm, does the blood move during one beat?Figure Ex
A particle starts from x0= 10 m at t0= 0 s and moves with the velocity graph shown in FIGURE EX2.6.a. Does this particle have a turning point? If so, at what time?b. What is the object€™s
Larry leaves home at 9:05 and runs at constant speed to the lamppost seen in FIGURE EX2.3. He reaches the lamppost at 9:07, immediately turns, and runs to the tree. Larry arrives at the tree at
Julie drives 100 mi to Grandmother’s house. On the way to Grandmother’s, Julie drives half the distance at 40 mph and half the distance at 60 mph. On her return trip, she drives half the time at
Alan leaves Los Angeles at 8:00 a.m. to drive to San Francisco, 400 mi away. He travels at a steady 50 mph. Beth leaves Los Angeles at 9:00 a.m. and drives a steady 60 mph.a. Who gets to San
A rock is thrown (not dropped) straight down from a bridge into the river below. At each of the following instants, is the magnitude of the rock’s acceleration greater than g, equal to g, less than
A ball is thrown straight up into the air. At each of the following instants, is the magnitude of the ball’s acceleration greater than g, equal to g, less than g, or 0? Explain.a. Just after
(a) Give an example of a vertical motion with a positive velocity and a negative acceleration.(b) Give an example of a vertical motion with a negative velocity and a negative acceleration?
A bicycle is traveling east. Can its acceleration vector ever point west? Explain.
You’re driving along the highway at a steady speed of 60 mph when another driver decides to pass you. At the moment when the front of his car is exactly even with the front of your car, and you
FIGURE Q2.8 shows six frames from the motion diagrams of two moving cars, A and B.(a) Do the two cars ever have the same position at one instant of time? If so, in which frame number (or numbers)?(b)
FIGURE Q2.7 shows the position-versus-time graph for a moving object. At which lettered point or points:(a) Is the object moving the fastest?(b) Is the object moving to the left?(c) Is the object
FIGURE Q2.6 shows the position-versus-time graph for a moving object. At which lettered point or points:a. Is the object moving the slowest?b. Is the object moving the fastest?c. Is the object at
FIGURE Q2.5 shows a position-versus-time graph for the motion of objects A and B as they move along the same axis.a. At the instant t = 1 s, is the speed of A greater than, less than, or equal to the
FIGURE Q2.4 shows a position-versus-time graph for the motion of objects A and B as they move along the same axis.a. At the instant t = 1 s, is the speed of A greater than, less than, or equal to the
For Questions 1 through 3, interpret the position graph given in each figure by writing a very short €œstory€ of what is happening. Be creative! Have characters and situations!
Write a short description of a real object for which Figure P1.59 would be a realistic position-versus-time graph.Figure P1.59 x (m) 40+ 30- 20- 10- 0- -1 (s) 30 20 10
Figure P1.58 shows a motion diagram of a car traveling down a street. The camera took one frame every 10 s. A distance scale is provided.Figure P1-58a. Measure the x-value of the car at each dot.
The quantity called mass density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. What are the mass densities in SI units of the following objects?a. A 215 cm3 solid with a mass of 0.0179 kg.b. 95 cm3 of
An intravenous saline drip has 9.0 g of sodium chloride per liter of water. By definition, 1 mL = 1 cm3. Express the salt concentration in kg/m3?

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