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physics
physics scientists and engineers
Questions and Answers of
Physics Scientists and Engineers
A 5.4-cm-diameter cylinder has a length of 12.5 cm. What is the cylinder’s volume in SI units?
As an architect, you are designing a new house. A window has a height between 140 cm and 150 cm and a width between 74 cm and 70 cm. What are the smallest and largest areas that the window could be?
A regulation soccer field for international play is a rectangle with a length between 100 m and 110 m and a width between 64 m and 75 m. What are the smallest and largest areas that the field could
Show a partial motion diagram. For each:a. Complete the motion diagram by adding acceleration vectors.b. Write a physics problem for which this is the correct motion diagram. Be imaginative!
FIGURE EX1.10 shows two dots of a motion diagram and vector1Copy this figure, then add dot 3 and the next velocity vector2if the acceleration vectorat dot 2(a) Points up and(b) Points down.Figure Ex
a. FIGURE EX1.8 shows the first three points of a motion diagram. Is the objects average speed between points 1 and 2 greater than, less than, or equal to its average speed between points
A softball player slides into second base. Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram showing his position and his average velocity vectors from the time he begins to slide until he reaches the
A baseball player starts running to the left to catch the ball as soon as the hit is made. Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram showing the position and average velocity vectors of the
You drop a soccer ball from your third-story balcony. Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram showing the ball’s position and average velocity vectors from the time you release the ball
a. Write a paragraph describing the particle model. What is it, and why is it important?b. Give two examples of situations, different from those described in the text, for which the particle model is
You are watching a jet ski race. A racer speeds up from rest to 70 mph in just a few seconds, then continues at a constant speed. Draw a basic motion diagram of the jet ski, using images from the
A rocket is launched straight up. Draw a basic motion diagram, using the images from the video, from the moment of liftoff until the rocket is at an altitude of 500 m?
A car skids to a halt to avoid hitting an object in the road. Draw a basic motion diagram, using the images from the video, from the time the skid begins until the car is stopped?
Santa loses his footing and slides down a frictionless, snowy roof that is tilted at an angle of 30°. If Santa slides 10 m before reaching the edge, what is his speed as he leaves the roof?
An electromagnet on the ceiling of an airplane holds a steel ball. When a button is pushed, the magnet releases the ball. The experiment is first done while the plane is parked on the ground, and the
A rock is thrown from a bridge at an angle 30° below horizontal. Immediately after the rock is released, is the magnitude of its acceleration greater than, less than, or equal to g? Explain.
I was driving along at 20 m/s, trying to change a CD and not watching where I was going. When I looked up, I found myself 45 m from a railroad crossing. And wouldn’t you know it, a train moving at
Water drops fall from the edge of a roof at a steady rate. A fifth drop starts to fall just as the first drop hits the ground. At this instant, the second and third drops are exactly at the bottom
A cat is sleeping on the floor in the middle of a 3.0-m-wide room when a barking dog enters with a speed of 1.50 m/s. As the dog enters, the cat (as only cats can do) immediately accelerates at 0.85
David is driving a steady 30 m/s when he passes Tina, who is sitting in her car at rest. Tina begins to accelerate at a steady 2.0 m/s2 at the instant when David passes.a. How far does Tina drive
Nicole throws a ball straight up. Chad watches the ball from a window 5.0 m above the point where Nicole released it. The ball passes Chad on the way up, and it has a speed of 10 m/s as it passes him
David is driving a steady 30 m/s when he passes Tina, who is sitting in her car at rest. Tina begins to accelerate at a steady 2.0 m/s2 at the instant when David passes. How far does Tina drive
Ice hockey star Bruce Blades is 5.0 m from the blue line and gliding toward it at a speed of 4.0 m/s. You are 20 m from the blue line, directly behind Bruce. You want to pass the puck to Bruce. With
A car traveling at 30 m/s runs out of gas while traveling up a 10° slope. How far up the hill will the car coast before starting to roll back down?Draw a complete pictorial representation.Do not
A motorist is traveling at 20 m/s. He is 60 m from a stoplight when he sees it turn yellow. His reaction time, before stepping on the brake, is 0.50 s. What steady deceleration while braking will
Sam is recklessly driving 60 mph in a 30 mph speed zone when he suddenly sees the police. He steps on the brakes and slows to 30 mph in three seconds, looking nonchalant as he passes the officer. How
A speed skater moving across friction less ice at 8.0 m/s hits a 5.0-m-wide patch of rough ice. She slows steadily, then continues on at 6.0 m/s. What is her acceleration on the rough ice?Draw a
You would like to stick a wet spit wad on the ceiling, so you toss it straight up with a speed of 10 m/s. How long does it take to reach the ceiling, 3.0 m above?Draw a complete pictorial
Sam is recklessly driving 60 mph in a 30 mph speed zone when he suddenly sees the police. He steps on the brakes and slows to 30 mph in three seconds, looking nonchalant as he passes the officer. How
A jet plane is cruising at 300 m/s when suddenly the pilot turns the engines up to full throttle. After traveling 4.0 km, the jet is moving with a speed of 400 m/s. What is the jet’s acceleration
A Porsche accelerates from a stoplight at 5.0 m/s2 for five seconds, then coasts for three more seconds. How far has it traveled?Draw a complete pictorial representation.Do not solve these problems
Motor neurons in mammals transmit signals from the brain to skeletal muscles at approximately 25 m/s. Estimate how long in ms it takes a signal to get from your brain to your hand?
Estimate the average speed with which the hair on your head grows. Give your answer in both m/s and mm/hour. Briefly describe how you arrived at this estimate?
Estimate the height of a telephone pole. Give your answer in both feet and meters. Briefly describe how you arrived at this estimate?
Estimate (don’t measure!) the length of a typical car. Give your answer in both feet and meters. Briefly describe how you arrived at this estimate?
Perform the following calculations with the correct number of significant figures.a. 159.31 × 204.6b. 5.1125 + 0.67 + 3.2c. 7.662 - 7.425d. 16.5/3.45
Compute the following numbers, applying the significant figure rules adopted in this textbook.a. 33.3 × 25.4b. 33.3 – 25.4c. √33.3d. 333.3 ÷ 25.4
Using the approximate conversion factors in Table 1.5, convert the following to SI units without using your calculator.Table 1.5 1 cm ≈ 1/2 in10 cm ≈ 4 in1 m ≈ 1 yard1 m ≈ 3 feet1 km ≈
Using the approximate conversion factors in Table 1.5, convert the following SI units to English units without using your calculator.Table 1.51 cm ≈ 1/2 in10 cm ≈ 4 in1 m ≈ 1 yard1 m ≈ 3
Convert the following to SI units:a. 75 inb. 3.45 × 106 yrc. 62 ft/dayd. 2.2 × 104 mi2
Convert the following to SI units:a. 8.0 inb. 66 ft/sc. 60 mphd. 14 in2
How many significant figures are there in the following values?(a) 0.05 × 10-4(b) 0.00340(c) 7.2 × 104(d) 103.00
Draw a pictorial representation for the following problem. Do not solve the problem. What acceleration does a rocket need to reach a speed of 200 m/s at a height of 1.0 km?
Draw a pictorial representation for the following problem. Do not solve the problem. The light turns green, and a bicyclist starts forward with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2. How far must she travel to
Write a short description of the motion of a real object for which FIGURE EX1.20 would be a realistic position-versus-time graph.Figure EX 1.20 x (mi) 120- 80- 40- (h) 3 4 5 2
Write a short description of the motion of a real object for which FIGURE EX1.19 would be a realistic position-versus-time graph.Figure EX 1.19 x (m) 300 200 100 - 1 (s) 600 200 400
FIGURE EX1.18 shows the motion diagram of a drag racer. The camera took one frame every 2 s.Figure EX 1.18a. Measure the x-value of the racer at each dot. List your data in a table similar to Table
Your roommate drops a tennis ball from a third-story balcony. It hits the sidewalk and bounces as high as the second story. Draw a complete motion diagram of the tennis ball from the time it is
A roof tile falls straight down from a two-story building. It lands in a swimming pool and settles gently to the bottom. Draw a complete motion diagram of the tile?
You use a long rubber band to launch a paper wad straight up. Draw a complete motion diagram of the paper wad from the moment you release the stretched rubber band until the paper wad reaches its
A goose flies toward a pond. It lands on the water and slides for some distance before it comes to a stop. Draw the motion diagram of the goose, starting shortly before it hits the water and assuming
A car travels to the left at a steady speed for a few seconds, then brakes for a stop sign. Draw a complete motion diagram of the car?
A speed skater accelerates from rest and then keeps skating at a constant speed. Draw a complete motion diagram of the skater?
FIGURE EX1.9 shows five points of a motion diagram. Use Tactics Box 1.3 to find the average acceleration vectors at points 1, 2, and 3. Draw the completed motion diagram showing velocity vectors and
Determine the signs (positive, negative, or zero) of the position, velocity, and acceleration for the particle in FIGURE Q1.8.Figure Q1.8
Determine the signs (positive, negative, or zero) of the position, velocity, and acceleration for the particle in FIGURE Q1.7.Figure Q1.7 0-
Determine the signs (positive, negative, or zero) of the position, velocity, and acceleration for the particle in FIGURE Q1.6.Figure Q1.6
Does the object represented in FIGURE Q1.5 have a positive or negative value of αy? Explain.Figure Q1.5
Does the object represented in FIGURE Q1.4 have a positive or negative value of αx? Explain.Figure Q1.4
Is the particle in FIGURE Q1.3 speeding up? Slowing down? Or can you tell? Explain.Figure Q1.3 ..
How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have?(a) 290(b) 2.90 × 104(c) 0.0029(d) 2.90
How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have?(a) 0.73(b) 7.30(c) 73(d) 0.073
A jet plane is cruising at 300 m/s when suddenly the pilot turns the engines up to full throttle. After traveling 4.0 km, the jet is moving with a speed of 400 m/s. What is the jet’s acceleration,
FIGURE Q2.14 shows the velocity-versus-time graph for a moving object. At which lettered point or points:a. Is the object speeding up?b. Is the object slowing down?c. Is the object moving to the
FIGURE EX2.5 shows the position graph of a particle.a. Draw the particles velocity graph for the interval 0 s £ t £ 4 s.b. Does this particle have a turning point or
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