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chemistry and chemical reactivity

Questions and Answers of Chemistry And Chemical Reactivity

How many ammonium ions and how many sulfate ions are present in a 0.20 mol sample of (NH4)2SO4? How many atoms of N, H, S and O are contained in this sample?
Assume you have 0.123 mol of each of the following compounds. What mass of each is present? (a). C14H10O4, benzoyl peroxide, used in acne medications (b). Dimethylglyoxime, used in the laboratory
Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is made industrially in enormous quantities by combining oxygen and sulfur dioxide, SO2. What amount (moles) of SO3 is represented by 1.00 kg of sulfur trioxide? How many
The smallest repeating unit of a crystal of common salt is a cube (called a unit cell) with an edge length of 0.563 nm.(a) What is the volume of this cube in cubic nanometers? In cubic
The element gallium has a melting point of 29.8°C. If you hold a sample of gallium in your hand, should it melt? Explain briefly. Gallium metal Ⓒ Cengage Leaming/Charles D. Winters
You have a white crystalline solid, known to be one of the potassium compounds listed below. To determine which, you measure its density. You measure out 18.82 g and transfer it to a graduated
The platinum-containing cancer drug cisplatin (Study Question 35) contains 65.0 mass-percent of the metal. If you have 1.53 g of the compound, what mass of platinum (in grams) is contained in this
Diamond has a density of 3.513 g/cm3. The mass of diamonds is often measured in “carats,” where 1 carat equals 0.200 g. What is the volume (in cubic centimeters) of a 1.50-carat diamond?
The density of pure water at various temperatures is given below Suppose your laboratory partner tells you the density of water at 20°C is 0.99910 g/cm3. Is this a reasonable number? Why or why
When you heat popcorn, it pops because it loses water explosively. Assume a kernel of corn, with a mass of 0.125 g, has a mass of only 0.106 g after popping.(a) What percentage of its mass did the
The aluminum in a package containing 75 ft2 of kitchen foil weighs approximately 12 ounces. Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/cm3. What is the approximate thickness of the aluminum foil in
Fluoridation of city water supplies has been practiced in the United States for several decades. It is done by continuously adding sodium fluoride to water as it comes from a reservoir. Assume you
About two centuries ago, Benjamin Franklin showed that 1 teaspoon of oil would cover about 0.5 acre of still water. If you know that 1.0 × 104 m2 = 2.47 acres and that there is approximately 5 cm3
Automobile batteries are filled with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. What is the mass of the acid (in grams) in 500. mL of the battery acid solution if the density of the solution is 1.285
A 26-meter-tall statue of Buddha in Tibet is covered with 279 kg of gold. If the gold was applied to a thickness of 0.0015 mm, what surface area is covered (in square meters)? (Gold density = 19.3
At 25°C, the density of water is 0.997 g/cm3, whereas the density of ice at −10°C is 0.917 g/cm3.(a). If a soft-drink can (volume = 250. mL) is filled completely with pure water at 25°C and then
You are asked to identify an unknown liquid that is known to be one of the liquids listed below. You pipet a 3.50-mL sample into a beaker. The empty beaker had a mass of 12.20 g, and the beaker plus
Suppose your bedroom is 18 ft long and 15 ft wide, and the distance from floor to ceiling is 8 ft 6 in. You need to know the volume of the room in metric units for some scientific calculations.(a)
You have an irregularly shaped piece of an unknown metal. To identify it, you determine its density and then compare this value with known values that you look up in the chemistry library. The mass
A spherical steel ball has a mass of 3.475 g and a diameter of 9.40 mm. What is the density of the steel? [The volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr3 where r = radius.]
There are five hydrocarbon compounds (compounds of C and H) that have the formula C6H14. (These are isomers; they differ in the way that C and H atoms are attached. All are liquids at room
Suppose you have a cylindrical glass tube with a thin capillary opening, and you wish to determine the diameter of the opening. You can do this experimentally by weighing a piece of the tubing before
Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3. An ingot of copper with a mass of 57 kg (126 lb) is drawn into wire with a diameter of 9.50 mm. What length of wire (in meters) can be produced? [Volume of wire =
(a) Suppose you have a cube of copper metal that is 0.236 cm on a side with a mass of 0.1206 g. If you know that each copper atom (radius = 128 pm) has a mass of 1.055 × 10−22 g (you will learn in
You set out to determine the density of lead in the laboratory. Using a top loading balance to determine the mass and the water displacement method (Study Question 41) to determine the volume of a
A sample of unknown metal is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water. The mass of the sample is 37.5 g, and the water levels before and after adding the sample to the cylinder are as shown in
Iron pyrite is often called “fool’s gold” because it looks like gold. Suppose you have a solid that looks like gold, but you believe it to be fool’s gold. The sample has a mass of 23.5 g.
You can analyze for a copper compound in water using an instrument called a spectrophotometer. [A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument that measures the amount of light (of a given
A gas chromatograph is calibrated for the analysis of isooctane (a major gasoline component) using the following data: If the instrument response is 2.75, what percentage of isooctane is present?
A general chemistry class carried out an experiment to determine the percentage (by mass) of acetic acid in vinegar. Ten students reported the following values: 5.22%, 5.28%, 5.22%, 5.30%, 5.19%,
Four balloons are each filled with a different gas, each having a different density: If the density of dry air is 1.12 g/L, which balloon or balloons float in air? helium, d = 0.164 g/L argon, d =
The photo below shows elemental iodine dissolving in ethanol to give a solution. Is this a physical or chemical change? Ⓒ Cengage Learning/Charles D. Winters Elemental iodine dissolving in
A copper-colored metal is found to conduct an electric current. Can you say with certainty that it is copper? Why or why not? Suggest additional information that could provide unequivocal
You want to determine the density of a compound but have only a tiny crystal, and it would be difficult to measure mass and volume accurately. There is another way to determine density, however,
Make the following temperature conversions: °C (a) 16 (b) (c) 40 K 370
A few years ago a young chemist in Vienna, Austria, wanted to see just how permanent the gold was in his wedding band. The ring was 18-carat gold. (18-carat gold is 75% gold with the remainder copper
The temperature on the surface of the Sun is 5.5 × 103 °C. What is this temperature in kelvins?
Make the following temperature conversions: °C (a) (b) 63 (c) K 77 1450
Many laboratories use 25°C as a standard temperature. What is this temperature in kelvins?
The average lead pencil, new and unused, is 19 cm long. What is its length in millimeters? In meters?
A marathon distance race covers a distance of 42.195 km. What is this distance in meters? In miles?
A standard U.S. postage stamp is 2.5 cm long and 2.1 cm wide. What is the area of the stamp in square centimeters? In square meters?
A compact disc has a diameter of 11.8 cm. What is the surface area of the disc in square centimeters? In square meters? [Area of a circle = (π)(radius)2]
Some soft drinks are sold in bottles with a volume of 1.5 L. What is this volume in milliliters? In cubic centimeters? In cubic decimeters?
A typical laboratory beaker has a volume of 250. mL. What is its volume in cubic centimeters? In liters? In cubic meters? In cubic decimeters?
A book has a mass of 2.52 kg. What is this mass in grams?
A new U.S. dime has a mass of 2.265 g. What is its mass in kilograms? In milligrams?
Ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is an ingredient of automobile antifreeze. Its density is 1.11 g/cm3 at 20°C. If you need 500. mL of this liquid, what mass of the compound, in grams, is required?
A piece of silver metal has a mass of 2.365 g. If the density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3, what is the volume of the silver?
You can identify a metal by carefully determining its density (d). An unknown piece of metal, with a mass of 2.361 g, is 2.35 cm long, 1.34 cm wide, and 1.05 mm thick. Which of the following is the
Which occupies a larger volume, 600 g of water (with a density of 0.995 g/cm3) or 600 g of lead (with a density of 11.35 g/cm3)?
You are on a diet that calls for eating no more than 1200 Cal/day. What is this energy in joules?
A 2-in. piece of chocolate cake with frosting provides 1670 kJ of energy. What is this in dietary Calories (Cal)?
You and your lab partner are asked to determine the density of an aluminum bar. The mass is known accurately (to four significant figures). You use a simple metric ruler to measure its dimensions and
One food product has an energy content of 170 kcal per serving, and another has 280 kJ per serving. Which food provides the greater energy per serving?
A can of soft drink (335 mL) provides 130 Calories. A bottle of mixed berry juice (295 mL) provides 630 kJ. Which provides the greater total energy? Which provides the greater energy per milliliter?
The accepted value of the melting point of pure aspirin is 135°C. Trying to verify that value, you obtain 134°C, 136°C, 133°C, and 138°C in four separate trials. Your partner finds 138°C,
To determine the average mass of a popcorn kernel, you collect the following data: Plot the data with number of kernels on the x-axis and mass on the y-axis. Draw the best straight line using the
Carry out the following operations. Provide the answer with the correct number of significant figures. (a) (6.25 X 10²)³ (b) √2.35 x 10-³ (c) (2.35 x 10-³)1/3 (d) (1.68) 23.56 2.3 1.248 X 10³
Express the following numbers in fixed notation (e.g., 1.23 × 102 = 123), and give the number of significant figures in each. (a). 1.623 × 103 (b). 2.57 × 10−4 (c). 6.32 × 10−2 (d). 3.404
Express the following numbers in exponential or scientific notation, and give the number of significant figures in each.(a). 0.054 g (b). 5462 g(c). 0.000792 g(d).1600 mL
Three liquids of different densities are mixed. Because they are not miscible (do not form a homogeneous solution with one another), they form discrete layers, one on top of the other. Sketch the
The following photo shows the element potassium reacting with water to form the element hydrogen, a gas, and a solution of the compound potassium hydroxide. (a) What states of matter are involved in
Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, a common liquid compound, has a density of 1.58 g/cm3. If you place a piece of a plastic soda bottle (d = 1.37 g/cm3) and a piece of aluminum (d = 2.70 g/cm3) in liquid
The separation between carbon atoms in diamond is 0.154 nm. What is their separation in meters? In picometers (pm)? In Angstroms (Å)? -0.154 nm A portion of the diamond structure
A red blood cell has a diameter of 7.5 μm (micrometers). What is this dimension in (a). Meters, (b). Nanometers, and (c). Picometers?
Molecular distances are usually given in nanometers (1 nm = 1 × 10−9 m) or in picometers (1 pm = 1 × 10−12 m). However, the angstrom (Å) unit is sometimes used, where 1 Å = 1 × 10−10 m.
Solve the following equation for the unknown value, n. -246.0 1312 = 21-²2 2² n²
Solve the following equation for the unknown value, T. (4.184)(244)(T − 292.0) + (0.449)(88.5) (T − 369.0) = 0
Solve the following equation for the unknown value, n. (2.34)(15.6) = n(0.0821)(273)
Solve the following equation for the unknown value, C. (0.502)(123) = (750.)C
The following data were collected in an experiment to determine how an enzyme works in a biochemical reaction.(a) Plot these data as 1/amount on the x-axis and 1/speed on the y-axis. Draw the best
Use the graph below to answer the following questions. (a) Derive the equation for the straight line, y = mx + b. (b) What is the value of y when x = 6.0? y
Use the following graph to answer the following questions: (a). What is the value of x when y = 4.0?(b). What is the value of y when x = 0.30?(c). What are the slope and the y-intercept of the
The anesthetic procaine hydrochloride is often used to deaden pain during dental surgery. The compound is packaged as a 10.% solution (by mass; d = 1.0 g/mL) in water. If your dentist injects 0.50 mL
You need a cube of aluminum with a mass of 7.6 g. What must be the length of the cube’s edge (in cm)? (The density of aluminum is 2.698 g/cm3.)
You have a 250.0-mL graduated cylinder containing some water. You drop three marbles with a total mass of 95.2 g into the water. What is the average density of a marble?
Give the symbol for each of the following elements: (a). Barium (b). Titanium (c). Chromium (d). Lead (e). Arsenic (f). Zinc
The flashlight in the photo does not use batteries. Instead, you move a lever, which turns a geared mechanism and finally results in light from the bulb. What type of energy is used to move the
In Figure 1.2 you see a piece of salt and a representation of its internal structure. Which is the macroscopic view and which is the particulate view? How are the macroscopic and particulate views
Milk in a glass bottle was placed in the freezing compartment of a refrigerator overnight. By morning, a column of frozen milk emerged from the bottle. Explain this observation. Deman Dairy ONE
You are given a sample of a silvery metal. What information could you use to prove the metal is silver?
Describe an experimental method that can be used to determine the density of an irregularly shaped piece of metal.
Diabetes can alter the density of urine, so urine density can be used as a diagnostic tool. Diabetics can excrete too much sugar or excrete too much water. What do you predict will happen to the
Suggest a way to determine if the colorless liquid in a beaker is water. How could you discover if there is salt dissolved in the water?
In the following scenario, identify which of the statements represents a theory, law, or hypothesis. (a) A student exploring the properties of gases proposes that if she decreases the volume of a
State whether the following is a hypothesis, theory, or law of science. Global climate change is occurring because of human-generated carbon dioxide. Explain.
What is meant by the phrase “sustainable development”?
What is meant by the phrase “green chemistry”?
One of the winners of the 2016 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards was a process to generate dodecanedioic acid (DDA), a chemical used in making certain nylons. The older process uses
One of the winners of the 2016 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards was a process for making a high octane feedstock for gasoline. The traditional process uses higly corrosive acids such as
Give the name of each of the following elements: (a) Mn(b) Cu (c) Na (d) Br (e) Xe (f) Fe
Give the name of each of the following elements: (a) C (b) K (c) Cl (d) P (e) Mg (f) Ni
Give the symbol for each of the following elements: (a). Silver (b). Aluminum (c). Plutonium (d). Tin (e). Technetium (f). Krypton
In each of the following pairs, decide which is an element and which is a compound. (a). Na or NaCl (b). Sugar or carbon (c). Gold or gold chloride
In each case, decide if the underlined property is a physical or chemical property. (a). The color of elemental bromine is orange-red. (b). Iron turns to rust in the presence of air and
In each of the following pairs, decide which is an element and which is a compound. (a). Pt(NH3)2Cl2 or Pt (b). Copper or copper(II) oxide (c). Silicon or sand
An 18 g sample of water is decomposed into 2 g of hydrogen gas and 16 g of oxygen gas. What masses of hydrogen and oxygen gases would have been prepared from 27 g of water? What law of chemistry is
A sample of the compound magnesium oxide is synthesized as follows. 60. g of magnesium is burned and produces 100. g of magnesium oxide, indicating that the magnesium combined with 40. g of oxygen in
In each case, decide if the change is a chemical or physical change. (a). A cup of household bleach changes the color of your favorite T-shirt from purple to pink.(b). Water vapor in your exhaled

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