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social science
introduction to logic

A Concise Introduction to Logic 13th edition Patrick J. Hurley, Lori Watson - Solutions

Some fossil fuels are unrenewable energy sources.Therefore, some fossil fuels are not renewable energy sources.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some insurance companies are not humanitarian organizations.Therefore, some humanitarian organizations are not insurance companies.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some peaceful revolutions are episodes that erupt in violence.Therefore, some episodes that do not erupt in violence are non-peaceful revolutions.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the
Some graffiti writers are artists relieving pent-up frustrations.Therefore, some artists relieving pent-up frustrations are graffiti writers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
All ladies of the night are individuals with low selfesteem.Therefore, no ladies of the night are individuals with high selfesteem.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
No promises made under duress are enforceable contracts.Therefore, no unenforceable contracts are promises made in the absence of duress.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
All periods when interest rates are high are times when businesses tend not to expand.Therefore, all times when businesses tend to expand are periods when interest rates are low..Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For
No individuals who laugh all the time are people with a true sense of humor.Therefore, no people with a true sense of humor are individuals who laugh all the time.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are
Some organ transplants are not sensible operations.Therefore, some organ transplants are senseless operations.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some insane people are illogical people.Therefore, some logical people are sane people.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Some states having limited powers are not slave states.Therefore, some free states are not states having unlimited powers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
No child abusers are people who belong in daycare centers.Therefore, all child abusers are people who do not belong in daycare centers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
All commodity traders are gamblers who risk sudden disaster.Therefore, all gamblers who risk sudden disaster are commodity traders.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
This section of Chapter 4 identified four forms of the existential fallacy. Use Venn diagrams to identify the other four. In doing so, keep in mind that all forms of this fallacy have a universal premise and a particular conclusion, that “It is false that some A are B” and “It is false that
Use Venn diagrams to evaluate the immediate inferences in Part II of this exercise. Identify any that commit the existential fallacy.
Use Venn diagrams to evaluate the immediate inferences in Part II of this exercise. Identify any that commit the existential fallacy.Part II From This Exercise:Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean
It is false that some chocolate soufflés are desserts containing olives.Therefore, it is false that all chocolate soufflés are desserts containing olives.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that all weddings are lighthearted celebrations.Therefore, some weddings are not lighthearted celebrations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that all weddings are lighthearted celebrations.Therefore, some weddings are not lighthearted celebrations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that some soap bubbles are not occasions of glee.Therefore, some soap bubbles are occasions of glee.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
Some stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects.Therefore, no stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
No talk radio shows are accurate sources of information.Therefore, some talk radio shows are not accurate sources of information.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
No vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread.Therefore, it is false that some vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that some stunt pilots are not colorful daredevils.Therefore, it is false that some stunt pilots are colorful daredevils.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that no credit cards are things that contain holograms.Therefore, some credit cards are things that contain holograms.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
No fertility drugs are solutions to every problem.Therefore, it is false that all fertility drugs are solutions to every problem.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
Some country doctors are altruistic healers.Therefore, some country doctors are not altruistic healers.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that no jazz musicians are natives of New Orleans.Therefore, some jazz musicians are not natives of New Orleans.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations.Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions.1. No life decisions are happenings based solely on logic.2. All electric motors are machines that depend on magnetism.3. Some political campaigns are mere attempts to discredit opponents.4. Some rock music lovers are not fans of Jay-Z.5. All
Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions.1. No life decisions are happenings based solely on logic.2. All electric motors are machines that depend on magnetism.3. Some political campaigns are mere attempts to discredit opponents.4. Some rock music lovers are not fans of Jay-Z.5. All
Create four categorical propositions, having different letter names, about your favorite food, and identify their quality, quantity, and distributed terms.
Select a topic that you are familiar with, and write a brief argument about that topic that contains at least three fallacies.
Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of newspapers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving brief explanation for your answer. Then, if a fallacy is identified, discuss the possible factors that led the arguer to commit the
Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of newspapers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving brief explanation for your answer. Then, if a fallacy is identified, discuss the possible factors that led the arguer to commit the
Turn to the editorial pages of a newspaper or the letters column of a magazine and find an instance of a fallacious argument in the editorials or letters to the editor. Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument and write an analysis at least one paragraph in length identifying the
Turn to the editorial pages of a newspaper or the letters column of a magazine and find an instance of a fallacious argument in the editorials or letters to the editor. Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument and write an analysis at least one paragraph in length identifying the
Holding a gun, a thief robs John Q. Public of thousands of dollars. Holding a baby, an unmarried mother robs taxpayers of thousands of dollars. If one behavior is considered a crime, then so should the other.Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of news
Most Americans do not favor gun control. They know that their well-being depends on their own ability to protect themselves. So-called “assault rifles” are used in few crimes. They are not the weapon of choice of criminals, but they are for people trying to protect themselves from government
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars and restaurants should be raised, waiters should be paid a decent wage, and the words “no
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars and restaurants should be raised, waiters should be paid a decent wage, and the words “no
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars and restaurants should be raised, waiters should be paid a decent wage, and the words “no
Since when did military service become a right, for gays or anyone else? The military has always been allowed to discriminate against people who don’t meet its requirements, including those who are overweight or too tall or too short. There is an adequate supply of personnel with the
I have one question for those bleeding hearts who say we should not have used the atomic bomb: If the nation responsible for the Rape of Nanking, the Manchurian atrocities, Pearl Harbor, and the Bataan Death March had invented the bomb first, don’t you think they would have used it? So do I.Most
Who are these Supreme Court justices who have the guts to OK the burning of our flag?If the wife or daughter of these so-called justices were raped, could the rapist be exonerated because he took the First Amendment? That he was just expressing himself? How about murder in the same situation?Most
The issue is not whether we should subsidize the arts, but whether anyone should be able to force someone else to subsidize the arts. You and I are free to give any amount of our money to any artistic endeavor we wish to support. When the government gets involved, however, a group of bureaucrats is
The mainstream press finds itself left behind by talk radio, so they try to minimize its importance. Americans are finding the true spirit of democracy in community and national debate. Why should we be told what to believe by a news weekly or the nightly news when we can follow public debate as it
I am seventy-nine and have been smoking for sixty years. My husband is ninety and has inhaled my smoke for some fifty years with no bad effects.I see no reason to take further steps to isolate smokers in public places, other than we now observe.Smokers have taken punishment enough from neurotic
The Supreme Court recently ruled that a police department in Florida did not violate any rights of privacy when a police helicopter flew over the backyard of a suspected drug dealer and noticed marijuana growing on his property. Many people, including groups like the Anti-Common Logic Union, felt
The Fourth Amendment guarantees our right to freedom from unreasonable search and seizure. It does not prohibit reasonable search and seizure. The matter of sobriety roadblocks to stop drunk drivers boils down to this: Are such roadblocks reasonable or unreasonable? The majority of people answer:
Dear Ann: I was disappointed in your response to the girl whose mother used the strap on her. The gym teacher noticed the bruises on her legs and backside and called it “child abuse.” Why are you against strapping a child when the Bible tells us in plain language that this is what parents
Now that Big Brother has decided that I must wear a seatbelt when I ride in a car, how long will it take before I have to wear an inner tube when I swim in my pool, a safety harness when I climb a ladder, and shoes with steel-reinforced toecaps when I carry out the garbage?Most of the following
What’s wrong with kids today? Answer: nothing, for the majority of them. They are great.Witness the action of two San Diego teenage boys recently, when the Normal Heights fire was at its worst. They took a garden hose to the roof of a threatened house—a house belonging to four elderly sisters,
Why are people so shocked that Susan Smith apparently chose to kill her children because they had become an inconvenience? Doesn’t this occur every day in abortion clinics across the country? We suspect Smith heard very clearly the message many feminists have been trying to deliver about the
I couldn’t help but compare the ducks in Fairbanks, Alaska, who refuse to fly south for the winter, to our welfare system. Instead of going south, four ducks have set up housekeeping there because people keep feeding them. The biologist dealing with the ducks said that while it’s nice that
I was incensed to read in your article about the return of anti-Semitism that New York City Moral Majority Leader Rev. Dan C. Fore actually said that “Jews have a God-given ability to make money, almost a supernatural ability . . .” I find it incredibly ironic that he and other Moral Majority
If a car or truck kills a person, do politicians call for car control or truck control? And call in all cars/trucks?If a child burns down a house do we have match control or child control and call in all of each?Gun control and confiscation is equally as pathetic a thought process in an age of
The problem that I have with the pro-choice supporters’ argument is that they make “choice” the ultimate issue. Let’s face facts. No one has absolute freedom of choice sanctioned by the law. One can choose to rob a bank, but it’s not lawful. Others can choose to kill their one-year-old
Evolution would have been dealt serious setbacks if environmentalists had been around over the eons trying to save endangered species.Species are endangered because they just do not fit the bigger picture any more as the world changes. That’s not bad. It’s just life.In most cases we have seen
September 17 marked the anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Constitution. How well have we, the people, protected our rights? Consider what has happened to our private-property rights.“Property has divine rights, and the moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred
Why all the flap about atomic bombs? The potential for death is always with us. Of course, if you just want something to worry about, go ahead. Franklin D. Roosevelt said it: “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor
If you buy our airline ticket now you can save 60 percent, and that means 60 percent more vacation for you.Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of news papers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving a brief explanation for your
As corporate farms continue to gobble up smaller family farms, they control a larger percentage of the grain and produce raised in the United States. Some have already reached a point in size where, if they should decide to withhold their grain and produce from the marketplace, spot shortages could
I am twelve years old. My class had a discussion on whether police used unnecessary force when arresting the people from Operation Rescue.My teacher is an ex-cop, and he demonstrated police holds to us. They don’t hurt at all unless the person is struggling or trying to pull away. If anybody was
As the oldest of eleven children (all married), I’d like to point out our combined family numbers more than 100 who vote only for pro-life candidates. Pro-lifers have children, pro-choicers do not.Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of news papers and
People of the Philippines, I have returned! The hour of your redemption is here! Rally to me! Let the indomitable spirit of Bataan and Corregidor lead on! As the lines of battle roll forward to bring you within the zone of operations, rise and strike! For future generations of your sons and
I prayed for the U.S. Senate to defeat the prayer amendment—and it did. There is a God.Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of news papers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving a brief explanation for your answer. Then, if a
Dear Ann: Recently I was shopping downtown in 20-below-zero weather. A stranger walked up to me and said, “I wonder how many beautiful rabbits died so you could have that coat?” I noticed she was wearing a down coat, so I asked if the geese they got the down from to make her coat were still
I say “bravo” and “right on!” Now we have some real-life humane heroes to look up to! These brave people [a group of animal liberators] went up against the insensitive bureaucratic technology, and won, saving former pet animals from senseless torture.If researchers want to experiment, let
In our society it is generally considered improper for a man to sleep, shower, and dress amid a group of women to whom he normally would be sexually attracted. It seems to me, then, to be equally unacceptable that a gay man sleep, shower, and dress in a company of men to whom, we assume, he would
We’ve often heard the saying, “Far better to let 100 guilty men go free than to condemn one innocent man.” What happens then if we apply the logic of this argument to the question, “Is a fetus an unborn human being?” Then is it not better to let 100 fetuses be born rather than to
The notion of “buying American” is as misguided as the notion of buying Wisconsin, or Oshkosh, Wisconsin, or South Oshkosh, Wisconsin. For the same reasons that Wisconsin increases its standard of living by trading with the rest of the nation, America increases its standard of living by trading
How can we pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and not establish laws to punish people who burn the flag to make a statement? We are a people who punish an individual who libels another person but will not seek redress from an individual who insults every citizen of this

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