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social science
introduction to logic

A Concise Introduction to Logic 13th edition Patrick J. Hurley, Lori Watson - Solutions

Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid.
Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid.
Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
When possible, compute the truth values of the simple components in the following compound propositions. If no truth value can be computed, write a question mark (?) under the letter or letters with unknown truth value.
Construct five symbolized arguments having at least two premises each. Then determine whether each is valid or invalid by constructing a truth table.
The following dialogue contains eleven arguments. Translate each into symbolic form, and then use truth tables to determine whether each is valid or invalid.Android Rights“I just came from Professor Shaw’s class on the philosophy of human nature,” Nick says to his friend Erin, as he meets her
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
Determine whether the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each.
If racial quotas are adopted for promoting employees, then qualified employees will be passed over; but if racial quotas are not adopted, then prior discrimination will go unaddressed. Either racial quotas will or will not be adopted for promoting employees. Therefore, either qualified employees
Either the USS Arizona or the USS Missouri was not sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor. Therefore, it is not the case that either the USS Arizona or the USS Missouri was sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor. (A, M)Translate the following arguments into symbolic form. Then determine whether each is
If microchips are made from diamond wafers, then computers will generate less heat. Computers will not generate less heat and microchips will be made from diamond wafers. Therefore, synthetic diamonds will be used for jewelry. (M, C, S)Translate the following arguments into symbolic form. Then
Einstein won the Nobel Prize either for explaining the photoelectric effect or for the special theory of relativity. But he did win the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect. Therefore, Einstein did not win the Nobel Prize for the special theory of relativity. (P, S).Translate the
The disparity between rich and poor is increasing. Therefore, political control over economic equality will be achieved only if restructuring the economic system along socialist lines implies that political control over economic equality will be achieved. (D, P, R)Translate the following arguments
If high school graduates are deficient in reading, they will not be able to compete in the modern world. If high school graduates are deficient in writing, they will not be able to compete in the modern world. Therefore, if high school graduates are deficient in reading, then they are deficient in
If there are dried-up riverbeds on Mars, then water once flowed on the Martian surface. There are dried-up riverbeds on Mars. Therefore, water once flowed on the Martian surface. (D, W)Translate the following arguments into symbolic form. Then determine whether each is valid or invalid by
If fossil-fuel combustion continues at its present rate, then a greenhouse effect will occur. If a greenhouse effect occurs, then world temperatures will rise. Therefore, if fossil-fuel combustion continues at its present rate, then world temperatures will rise. (F, G, W)Translate the following
Brazil has a huge foreign debt. Therefore, either Brazil or Argentina has a huge foreign debt. (B, A)Translate the following arguments into symbolic form. Then determine whether each is valid or invalid by constructing a truth table for each. The letters to be used in constructing the truth tables
If national elections deteriorate into TV popularity contests, then smooth-talking morons will get elected. Therefore, if national elections do not deteriorate into TV popularity contests, then smooth-talking morons will not get elected. (N, S)Translate the following arguments into symbolic form.
Did you work Exercise 6.1, IV? If not, work it now. Then take the symbolized compound statements you created for this exercise and construct a truth table for each. Finally, categorize each statement as tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.Data From Exercise IV Section 6.1:Construct
Nicole Evans expresses her philosophy as follows: “If the mind is identical to the brain, then personal freedom does not exist and humans are not responsible for their actions. If personal freedom does not exist, then the mind is identical to the brain. Either humans are responsible for their
Cindy, Jane, and Amanda witnessed a bank robbery. At trial, Cindy testified that Lefty did not enter the bank, and if Howard pulled a gun, then Conrad collected the money. Jane testified that if Howard did not pull a gun, then Lefty entered the bank. Amanda testified that if Conrad collected the
Eric Carson sums up his beliefs about God as follows: “God exists if and only if either life is meaningful or the soul is not immortal. God exists and the soul is immortal. If God exists, then life is not meaningful.” Is it possible that Eric’s beliefs make sense? (G, L, S)Use truth tables to
Two stockbrokers are having a discussion. One claims that Netmark will introduce a new product if and only if both Datapro cuts its workforce and Compucel expands production. The other claims that Datapro will cut its workforce, and Compucel will expand production if and only if Netmark introduces
Automotive expert Frank Goodbody has this to say about Japanese imports: “If Mitsubishi is the sportiest, then both Toyota is the most trouble-free and Isuzu is not the lowest priced. If Isuzu is the lowest priced, then both Toyota is not the most trouble-free and Mitsubishi is the sportiest.”
Antonia Martinez, who is running for the state senate, makes this statement: “Either a tax reduction is feasible only if both educational costs do not increase and the welfare program is abolished, or a tax reduction is feasible and either the welfare program will not be abolished or educational
Two astronomers are discussing supernovas. Dr. Frank says, “Research has established that if a supernova occurs within ten light-years of the earth, then life on Earth will be destroyed.” Dr. Harris says, “Research has also established that either a supernova will not occur within ten
Christina and Thomas are having a discussion about their plans for the evening. Christina: “If you don’t love me, then I’m certainly not going to have sex with you.” Thomas: “Well, that means that if I do love you, then you will have sex with me, right?” Is Thomas correct? (Hint:
A high school principal made this statement to the school board: “Either music is not dropped from the curriculum or the students will become cultural philistines; furthermore, the students will not become cultural philistines if and only if music is dropped from the curriculum.” Assuming the
Renowned economist Harold Carlson makes the following prediction: “The balance of payments will decrease if and only if interest rates remain steady; however, it is not the case that either interest rates will not remain steady or the balance of payments will decrease.” What can we say about
Q ⊃ ∼ (K ∨ F)………………….(K ∙ Q) ∨ (F ∙ Q)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent or
Z ∙ (C ≡ P)……………………….C ≡ (Z ∙ ∼ P)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent or
H ∙ (K ∨ J)……………………….(J ∙ H) ∨ (H ∙ K)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically
R ∙ (Q ∨ S)……………………...(S ∨ R) ∙ (Q ∨ R)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent
R ∙ (Q ∨ S)……………………...(S ∨ R) ∙ (Q ∨ R)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent
G ∙ (E ∨ P)………………………∼ (G ∙ E) ∙ ∼ (G ∙ P)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically
G ∙ (E ∨ P)………………………∼ (G ∙ E) ∙ ∼ (G ∙ P)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically
W ≡ (B ∙ T)………………………W ∙ (T ⊃ ∼ B)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent or
M ⊃ (K ⊃ P)………………………(K ∙ M) ⊃ PUse truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent or
N ∙ (A ∨ ∼E)……………………... ∼A ∙ (E ∨ ∼ N)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically
(E ⊃ C) ⊃ L………………………E ⊃ (C ⊃ L)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are logically equivalent or
H ≡ ∼ G…………………………..(G ∙ H) ∨ (∼G ∙ ∼ H)Use truth tables to determine whether the following pairs of symbolized statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. First, determine whether the pairs of propositions are

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