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social science
introduction to logic
Questions and Answers of
Introduction To Logic
If “Some assassinations are morally justifiable actions” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All assassinations are morally justifiable actions.b. No assassinations
If “No sting operations are cases of entrapment” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All sting operations are cases of entrapment.b. Some sting operations are cases
If “No sting operations are cases of entrapment” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All sting operations are cases of entrapment.b. Some sting operations are cases of
If “All fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. No fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing.b. Some
If “All fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. No fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing.b. Some
Create a new categorical proposition for each of the four forms (A, E, I, O). Then convert, obvert, and contrapose each one, and state whether the resulting proposition is logically equivalent to the
Some pro-lifers are not people concerned with child welfare.Therefore, some pro-lifers are people unconcerned with child welfare.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the
All unpleasant experiences are things we do not like to remember.Therefore, all things we like to remember are pleasant experiences.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether
Some distant galaxies are not structures visible to the naked eye.Therefore, some structures visible to the naked eye are not distant galaxies.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to
All fire-breathing dragons are lizards that languish in soggy climates.Therefore, no fire-breathing dragons are lizards that flourish in soggy climates.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition
No nonprescription drugs are medicines without adverse effects.Therefore, no medicines with adverse effects are prescription drugs.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether
All hired killers are criminals who deserve the death penalty.Therefore, all criminals who deserve the death penalty are hired killers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine
Some fossil fuels are unrenewable energy sources.Therefore, some fossil fuels are not renewable energy sources.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following
Some insurance companies are not humanitarian organizations.Therefore, some humanitarian organizations are not insurance companies.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether
Some peaceful revolutions are episodes that erupt in violence.Therefore, some episodes that do not erupt in violence are non-peaceful revolutions.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to
Some graffiti writers are artists relieving pent-up frustrations.Therefore, some artists relieving pent-up frustrations are graffiti writers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine
All ladies of the night are individuals with low selfesteem.Therefore, no ladies of the night are individuals with high selfesteem.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether
No promises made under duress are enforceable contracts.Therefore, no unenforceable contracts are promises made in the absence of duress.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the
Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Therefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the
All periods when interest rates are high are times when businesses tend not to expand.Therefore, all times when businesses tend to expand are periods when interest rates are low..Use conversion,
No individuals who laugh all the time are people with a true sense of humor.Therefore, no people with a true sense of humor are individuals who laugh all the time.Use conversion, obversion, and
Some organ transplants are not sensible operations.Therefore, some organ transplants are senseless operations.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following
Some insane people are illogical people.Therefore, some logical people are sane people.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid.
Some states having limited powers are not slave states.Therefore, some free states are not states having unlimited powers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the
No child abusers are people who belong in daycare centers.Therefore, all child abusers are people who do not belong in daycare centers.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine
All commodity traders are gamblers who risk sudden disaster.Therefore, all gamblers who risk sudden disaster are commodity traders.Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 7 through 12 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Exercises 1 through 6 provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
Create five new immediate inferences composed of standard-form categorical propositions. Then test each for validity.
This section of Chapter 4 identified four forms of the existential fallacy. Use Venn diagrams to identify the other four. In doing so, keep in mind that all forms of this fallacy have a universal
Use Venn diagrams to evaluate the immediate inferences in Part II of this exercise. Identify any that commit the existential fallacy.
Use Venn diagrams to evaluate the immediate inferences in Part II of this exercise. Identify any that commit the existential fallacy.Part II From This Exercise:Use the modern square of opposition to
It is false that some chocolate soufflés are desserts containing olives.Therefore, it is false that all chocolate soufflés are desserts containing olives.Use the modern square of opposition to
It is false that all weddings are lighthearted celebrations.Therefore, some weddings are not lighthearted celebrations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
It is false that all weddings are lighthearted celebrations.Therefore, some weddings are not lighthearted celebrations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
It is false that some soap bubbles are not occasions of glee.Therefore, some soap bubbles are occasions of glee.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
Some stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects.Therefore, no stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
No talk radio shows are accurate sources of information.Therefore, some talk radio shows are not accurate sources of information.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following
No vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread.Therefore, it is false that some vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the
It is false that some stunt pilots are not colorful daredevils.Therefore, it is false that some stunt pilots are colorful daredevils.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the
It is false that no credit cards are things that contain holograms.Therefore, some credit cards are things that contain holograms.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the
No fertility drugs are solutions to every problem.Therefore, it is false that all fertility drugs are solutions to every problem.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following
Some country doctors are altruistic healers.Therefore, some country doctors are not altruistic healers.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are
It is false that no jazz musicians are natives of New Orleans.Therefore, some jazz musicians are not natives of New Orleans.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following
All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations.Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are
Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions.1. No life decisions are happenings based solely on logic.2. All electric motors are machines that depend on magnetism.3. Some political campaigns
Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions.1. No life decisions are happenings based solely on logic.2. All electric motors are machines that depend on magnetism.3. Some political campaigns
Create four categorical propositions, having different letter names, about your favorite food, and identify their quality, quantity, and distributed terms.
Select a topic that you are familiar with, and write a brief argument about that topic that contains at least three fallacies.
Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of newspapers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving brief explanation for your answer.
Most of the following selections were taken from letters-to-the-editor columns of newspapers and magazines. Identify any fallacies that may be committed, giving brief explanation for your answer.
Turn to the editorial pages of a newspaper or the letters column of a magazine and find an instance of a fallacious argument in the editorials or letters to the editor. Identify the premises and
Turn to the editorial pages of a newspaper or the letters column of a magazine and find an instance of a fallacious argument in the editorials or letters to the editor. Identify the premises and
Holding a gun, a thief robs John Q. Public of thousands of dollars. Holding a baby, an unmarried mother robs taxpayers of thousands of dollars. If one behavior is considered a crime, then so should
Most Americans do not favor gun control. They know that their well-being depends on their own ability to protect themselves. So-called “assault rifles” are used in few crimes. They are not the
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars
There is something very wrong about the custom of tipping. When we go to a store, we don’t decide what a product is worth and pay what we please; we pay the price or we leave. Prices in coffee bars
Since when did military service become a right, for gays or anyone else? The military has always been allowed to discriminate against people who don’t meet its requirements, including those who are
I have one question for those bleeding hearts who say we should not have used the atomic bomb: If the nation responsible for the Rape of Nanking, the Manchurian atrocities, Pearl Harbor, and the
Who are these Supreme Court justices who have the guts to OK the burning of our flag?If the wife or daughter of these so-called justices were raped, could the rapist be exonerated because he took the
The issue is not whether we should subsidize the arts, but whether anyone should be able to force someone else to subsidize the arts. You and I are free to give any amount of our money to any
The mainstream press finds itself left behind by talk radio, so they try to minimize its importance. Americans are finding the true spirit of democracy in community and national debate. Why should we
I am seventy-nine and have been smoking for sixty years. My husband is ninety and has inhaled my smoke for some fifty years with no bad effects.I see no reason to take further steps to isolate
The Supreme Court recently ruled that a police department in Florida did not violate any rights of privacy when a police helicopter flew over the backyard of a suspected drug dealer and noticed
The Fourth Amendment guarantees our right to freedom from unreasonable search and seizure. It does not prohibit reasonable search and seizure. The matter of sobriety roadblocks to stop drunk drivers
Dear Ann: I was disappointed in your response to the girl whose mother used the strap on her. The gym teacher noticed the bruises on her legs and backside and called it “child abuse.” Why are you
Now that Big Brother has decided that I must wear a seatbelt when I ride in a car, how long will it take before I have to wear an inner tube when I swim in my pool, a safety harness when I climb a
What’s wrong with kids today? Answer: nothing, for the majority of them. They are great.Witness the action of two San Diego teenage boys recently, when the Normal Heights fire was at its worst.
Why are people so shocked that Susan Smith apparently chose to kill her children because they had become an inconvenience? Doesn’t this occur every day in abortion clinics across the country? We
I couldn’t help but compare the ducks in Fairbanks, Alaska, who refuse to fly south for the winter, to our welfare system. Instead of going south, four ducks have set up housekeeping there because
I was incensed to read in your article about the return of anti-Semitism that New York City Moral Majority Leader Rev. Dan C. Fore actually said that “Jews have a God-given ability to make money,
If a car or truck kills a person, do politicians call for car control or truck control? And call in all cars/trucks?If a child burns down a house do we have match control or child control and call in
The problem that I have with the pro-choice supporters’ argument is that they make “choice” the ultimate issue. Let’s face facts. No one has absolute freedom of choice sanctioned by the law.
Evolution would have been dealt serious setbacks if environmentalists had been around over the eons trying to save endangered species.Species are endangered because they just do not fit the bigger
September 17 marked the anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Constitution. How well have we, the people, protected our rights? Consider what has happened to our private-property rights.“Property
Why all the flap about atomic bombs? The potential for death is always with us. Of course, if you just want something to worry about, go ahead. Franklin D. Roosevelt said it: “The only thing we
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