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social science
introduction to logic
A Concise Introduction to Logic 13th edition Patrick J. Hurley, Lori Watson - Solutions
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if they are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are conditionally valid, identify the condition that must be fulfilled. For
Create a standard-form categorical syllogism relating to each of the following topics: clean energy, motion pictures, military drones, immigration, money in professional sports. Then, test each of your syllogisms with a Venn diagram.
Use Venn diagrams to obtain the conclusion that is validly implied by each of the following sets of premises. If no conclusion can be validly drawn, write “no conclusion.”
Some snowflakes are not uniform solids.All snowflakes are six-pointed crystals.Therefore, some six-pointed crystals are not uniform solids.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
Some snowflakes are not uniform solids.All snowflakes are six-pointed crystals.Therefore, some six-pointed crystals are not uniform solids.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
Some snowflakes are not uniform solids.All snowflakes are six-pointed crystals.Therefore, some six-pointed crystals are not uniform solids.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
No theocracies are regimes open to change.All theocracies are governments that rule by force.Therefore, some governments that rule by force are not regimes open to change.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint,
No spurned lovers are Valentine’s Day fanatics.Some moonstruck romantics are Valentine’s Day fanatics.Therefore, some moonstruck romantics are not spurned lovers.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint,
All survivalists are people who enjoy simulated war games.No people who enjoy simulated war games are soldiers who have tasted the agony of real war.Therefore, all soldiers who have tasted the agony of real war are survivalists.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form
All currently living dinosaurs are giant reptiles.All giant reptiles are ectothermic animals.Therefore, some ectothermic animals are currently living dinosaurs.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from
Some communications satellites are rocket-launched failures.All communications satellites are devices with antennas.Therefore, some devices with antennas are rocket-launched failures.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean
Some individuals who risk heart disease are people who will die young.Some smokers are individuals who risk heart disease.Therefore, some smokers are people who will die young.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean
No people who profit from the illegality of their activities are people who want their activities legalized.All drug dealers are people who profit from the illegality of their activities.Therefore, no drug dealers are people who want their activities legalized.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether
All supernovas are objects that emit massive amounts of energy.All quasars are objects that emit massive amounts of energy.Therefore, all quasars are supernovas.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid
All circular triangles are plane figures.All circular triangles are three-sided figures.Therefore, some three-sided figures are plane figures.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
No corporations that defraud the government are organizations the government should deal with.Some defense contractors are not organizations the government should deal with.Therefore, some defense contractors are not corporations that defraud the government.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether
Some ATM locations are places criminals lurk.All places criminals lurk are places to avoid at night.Therefore, some places to avoid at night are ATM locations.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from
Some ATM locations are places criminals lurk.All places criminals lurk are places to avoid at night.Therefore, some places to avoid at night are ATM locations.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from
Some individuals prone to violence are not men who treat others humanely.Some police officers are individuals prone to violence.Therefore, some police officers are not men who treat others humanely.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid
No pediatricians are individuals who jeopardize the health of children.All faith healers are individuals who jeopardize the health of children.Therefore, no faith healers are pediatricians.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the
All impulse buyers are consumers with credit cards.All shopaholics are impulse buyers.Therefore, all shopaholics are consumers with credit cards.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
No engineering majors are candidates for nightly hookups.No candidates for nightly hookups are deeply emotional individuals.Therefore, no deeply emotional individuals are engineering majors.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the
All high-fat diets are diets high in cholesterol.Some diets high in cholesterol are not healthy food programs.Therefore, some healthy food programs are not high-fat diets.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint,
No individuals truly concerned with the plight of suffering humanity are people motivated primarily by self-interest.All television evangelists are people motivated primarily by self-interest.Therefore, some television evangelists are not individuals truly concerned with the plight of suffering
No fossil fuels are renewable forms of energy.Some combustible gases are fossil fuels.Therefore, some combustible gases are not renewable forms of energy.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
No fossil fuels are renewable forms of energy.Some combustible gases are fossil fuels.Therefore, some combustible gases are not renewable forms of energy.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
No people who mix fact with fantasy are good witnesses.Some hypnotized people are people who mix fact with fantasy.Therefore, some hypnotized people are not good witnesses.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean
No environmentally produced diseases are inherited afflictions.Some psychological disorders are not inherited afflictions.Therefore, some psychological disorders are environmentally produced diseasesUse Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid
No insects that eat mosquitoes are insects that should be killed.All dragonflies are insects that eat mosquitoes.Therefore, no dragonflies are insects that should be killed.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical syllogisms are valid from the Boolean
All corporations that overcharge their customers are unethical businesses. Some unethical businesses are investor-owned utilities.Therefore, some investor-owned utilities are corporations that overcharge their customers.Use Venn diagrams to determine whether the following standard-form categorical
Create a total of fifteen new categorical propositions (not in standard form) that may be described as follows:1. One contains a term without a noun.2. One contains the nonstandard verb “will.”3. One begins with the name “Margie.”4. One contains the adverb “never.”5. One contains the
Fake artworks are sold on eBay.Therefore, a few items sold on eBay are fake artworks.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the traditional square of opposition to
It is false that not a single charter school is an academic underperformer.Therefore, several charter schools are academic underperformers.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion,
Military exercises are sometimes condemned by opponents.Therefore, any military exercise is condemned by opponents.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the
Tax cuts never please everyone.Therefore, every tax cut pleases everyone.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the traditional square of opposition to determine
Not a single major storm fails to cause flight cancellations.Therefore, every major storm causes flight cancellations.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the
There are banks that engage in money laundering.Therefore, there are banks that do not engage in money laundering.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the
If a date is a good dinner companion, then she does not spend every minute texting. Therefore, if a date does not spend every minute texting, then she is not a bad dinner companion.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical
A child destined to succeed in life has high self-esteem.Therefore, a child with low self-esteem is not destined to succeed in life.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition,
A child destined to succeed in life has high selfesteem.Therefore, a child with low self-esteem is not destined to succeed in life.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition,
Only diamonds are a girl’s best friend.Therefore, every diamond is a girl’s best friend.Translate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the traditional square of opposition
Flu vaccines are never completely effective.Therefore, not every flu vaccine is completely effectiveTranslate the premise and conclusion of the following immediate inferences into standard-form categorical propositions. Then use conversion, obversion, contraposition, or the traditional square of
All crocodiles are things identical to dangerous animals when they are hungry.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
No toxic dumps are ecological catastrophes unless they leak.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
All companies identical to Google are looking forward to a bright future.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
All people identical to matadors are not performers who succumb easily to fear.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
No people identical to nuclear pacifists are people who believe a just war is possible.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
All substances like cobalt are things that are substances identical to ferromagnetic metals.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
No downhill skiers are effective competitors if they suffer from altitude sickness.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
All vertebrates except cartilaginous fishes are animals with a bony skeleton.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
All cars identical to BMWs are the only cars that young lawyers drive.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
Some of the figure-skating finalists are performers who are athletes that may win medals.The following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations.
Renee does whatever she is told to do.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
An animal is a feline only if it is a cat.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Several contestants won prizes.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
She says what she pleases.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
A civil right is unalienable if it is a human right.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Few picnics are entirely free of ants.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Feathers are not heavy.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Dolphins are swimming between the breakers.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Whatever increases efficiency improves profitability.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
There are forced labor camps in China.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Many apartment dwellers are victimized by noise.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Physicists do not understand the operation of superconductors.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Not every river runs to the sea.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Bats are the only true flying mammals.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Cynthia travels where she wants.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
All flowers are not fragrant.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
All passengers are not allowed to smoke on board the aircraft.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
All passengers are not allowed to smoke on board the aircraft.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
I like strawberries.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Monkeys are mammals.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Monkeys are found in the jungles of Guatemala.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Few corporate raiders are known for their integrity.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
All fruits except pineapples ripen after they are picked.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Whoever suffers allergic reactions has a weakened immune system.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Unless the sun is shining, a rainbow cannot occurTranslate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Modern corporations are all run in the interest of their managers.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
He who hesitates is lost.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
John Grisham writes only novels about lawyers.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
A pesticide is dangerous if it contains DDT.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
All but the rats left the sinking ship.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
If an ore isn’t radioactive, then it isn’t pitchblende.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Radio transmissions are disrupted whenever sunspot activity increases.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Lunar eclipses do not occur unless the moon is full.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
The Kentucky Derby is never run in January.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Berlin was the setting for the 1936 Olympic Games.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Occasionally there are concerts in Central Park.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
The electroscope is a device for detecting static electricity.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
Only diabetics require insulin treatments.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
No shellfish except oysters make pearls.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
If an activity emits methane, then it contributes to climate change.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
There is a giant star in the Tarantula Nebula.Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions.
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