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business
organizational behavior

Questions and Answers of Organizational Behavior

Are all managers change agents?
Toyota has been one of the most successful global corporations for a generation. So we feel that it must be doing something innovative to continue to thrive when the environmental forces continue to
Witness is a non-profit organization founded in 1992 by singer/songwriter Peter Gabriel. While travelling around the world in 1988 as part of Amnesty International’s Human Rights Now tour, Gabriel
What are some of the major challenges facing today’s and tomorrow’s organizations and management? Briefly describe these developments.
What is a paradigm? How will the paradigm shift affect management? What are the implications of this paradigm shift for organizational behavior?
Why do you think there is a “knowing-doing” gap and how can evidence-based management help close it?
Why do you feel the Hawthorne studies made such an important historical contribution to the study of organizational behavior?
Why are theory development and rigorous scientific methodology important to the field of organizational behavior? What role does validity play in the design of research studies?
How does organizational behavior relate to, or differ from, organizational development? Organization theory? Human resource management?
In your own words, identify and summarize the various theoretical frameworks for understanding organizational behavior. How does the social cognitive approach differ from the cognitive approach? How
Explain the model for organizational behavior that is used in this text.
Would you consider a job that kept you at home for a significant part of the workweek? What would be the advantages of this? Disadvantages?
As a manager, consider the challenges of managing those that work at home. What are your challenges? Consider, for example, how to monitor performance, motivate workers, and help them manage
Do you think the trend towards telecommuting will increase or decrease in the coming years? What impact will this have on some of the major topics in this text? Be as specific as you can by even
1. Do you agree or disagree with the feeling of many downsizing survivors that increased productivity “comes on their backs? “What does this mean and how does this have implications for managing
1. How would you relieve Jane’s anxiety? How is a course in organizational behavior going to make her a better manager?2. Why did the professor start off with a brief overview of emerging
1. Do you think Hank is justified in his concerns after hearing the professor? What role can experience play in managing people?2. What is the purpose of conceptual frameworks such as those
1. How would you react to your grandfather’s comments if you were John?2. Do you think John’s grandfather understood and interpreted the Hawthorne Studies correctly?3. He has gone through the
What is meant by and what are some examples of globalization?
What are some of the major reasons why diversity has become such an important dimension of today’s organizations?
How can diversity be effectively managed? Offer suggestions at both the individual and organizational levels.
What is meant by ethics, and what types of factors influence ethical behavior?
What is meant by corporate social responsibility? How can and does it affect the “bottom-line” of today’s organizations?
Do you believe employers should be allowed to electronically monitor workers? Would you like to be monitored in this fashion?
Summarize the different perspectives that you found on the Internet. Be specific as to where you found this information.
Discuss other ethical issues that surfaced when looking at the suggested websites or others that you found.
1. Is Bob correct in his assessment of how globalization will impact his business?2. Can you think of any Internet applications that Bob could profit from?3. How could Bob’s business be negatively
1. In Frank’s view, how important is the work ethic? How is this view causing him problems?2. Why do the people not work as hard as Frank does? What is the problem?3. What mistake is Frank making
1. How is the new management philosophy described in this case different from that of the old, traditional philosophy? Identify and describe these differences.2. In what way are alternative work
1. Do Jerry and Robert understand what “management of diversity” means? How would you advise them?2. Considering the marketing plans, how could they benefit from a more diverse management team?
1. Do you agree that downsizing is an ethical issue?2. Do you agree with the five guidelines for downsizing ethically? Would you add any others?3. What if you do not agree with the reason for the
What was Chester Barnard’s contribution to organization theory?
How does a learning organization differ from a traditional organization?
Briefly define the horizontal, hollow, modular, network, and virtual organization designs. How do these differ from the classical design? How do they better meet the challenges of the new environment?
What is meant by the term organizational culture? Define it and give some examples of its characteristics.
How does a dominant culture differ from a subculture? In your answer be sure to define both terms.
How do organizational cultures develop? What four steps commonly occur?
How do organizations go about maintaining their cultures? What steps are involved? Describe them.
Compare structure and culture of two or more firms. Which would you prefer to work for?
What other issues does the structure and culture have for other topics of organizational behavior (motivation, reward systems, etc.)?
1. How can the organization structure facilitate speed, collaboration, and teamwork? Contrast traditional bureaucratic organizations with the examples in this case.2. What is meant by a Web-based
1. What type or types of organization design do you feel this task force should recommend in the third and final phase of the approach to their assignment?2. Explain how the systems, information
1. What can Clara and her staff do to select the type of entry-level candidates they want? Explain.2. How can Clara ensure that those who are hired come to accept the core cultural values of the
1. What is wrong with the old organizational culture? What needs to be done to change it?2. Why might it be difficult for Mary to change the existing culture?3. What specific steps does Mary need to
In what way does agency theory provide understanding for pay as an important component of the organizational reward system?
Is pay an effective organizational reward? Does the fact that the chief executive officer makes 20 times as much as the lowest-paid member of the company have any effect on the value of pay as a
“The team with the highest payroll usually ends up in the World Series.” How does this statement relate to the importance of pay as a reward?
Why have many organizations begun to supplement their traditional pay systems with “pay for-performance” plans? Of these plans, what about individual versus group incentives?
How can the so-called new pay techniques help solve some of the major challenges facing today’s organizations? Give some specific examples.
Why have more and more firms begun developing recognition programs as part of their organizational reward system? Why not just give people more money?
What role do benefits play in the organizational reward system? How can these costly benefits contribute more to desirable organizational outcomes?
From information you gained from the Web sites, how do you think these suggestions could influence work behavior? Which ones do you think will work better than others? Why?
Using a search engine to go to specific companies, what other types of reward systems can you find? Give the specifics and critique their value to improving performance in the workplace.
1. Make a case both for and against executive perks. Do you agree that such perks should be cut? Why? 2. Do you think paying the taxes on top of the perks is ethical? 3. Would you turn down the
1. Explain the organizational reward system this firm uses. 2. Although this reward system has obviously been very effective, what more can be done? What specific recommendations would you make? 3.
1. Why are more and more companies complementing their monetary incentives with recognition awards in their organizational reward system? 2. How would you rate each of the examples? What are some
1. Which benefits did the employees who were leaving seem to best understand and like? 2. Which benefits did they find confusing or of little value? 3. Based on your answers and other relevant
Critically analyze the statement that “the various psychological processes can be thought of as pieces of a jigsaw puzzle and personality as the completed puzzle picture.”
What is attribution theory? How can locus of control be applied to workers and managers?
What is meant by the term job satisfaction? What are some of the major factors that influence job satisfaction?
What are some of the important outcomes of job satisfaction?
What is organizational commitment? What three components have emerged to help better explain the complexities of commitment? Why may an understanding of organizational commitment be especially
What are organization citizenship behaviors (OCBs)? How do they come about and what are some examples?
What is the comprehensive definition of personality? Give brief examples of each of the major elements.
What side would you prefer to argue in the nature versus nurture debate? What would be the major points each side would make? How would you resolve the controversy?
What are the “Big Five” personality traits? Which one seems to have the biggest impact on performance? How would knowledge of the Big Five help you in your job as a manager?
What are the four major dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) that yield the 16 types? How can the MBTI be used effectively?
In understanding the process of perception, do you agree with the observation that people are human information processors? Why?
How does sensation differ from perception?
What does stereotyping mean? Why is it considered to be a perceptual problem?
What is meant by the halo effect? Summarize the current thinking on this halo effect.
See if you can locate still other Web sites that assess personality. How, if at all, do these personality assessments match up with what you have covered in this chapter on personality and attitudes?
1. Why do employees at firms such as Apple Computer work so hard and put in such long hours? 2. How would you describe Wayne Huizenga in terms of the self-concept, specifically self-esteem? 3. Why is
1. Why are the two reports submitted by Jennifer and Mike so different? Did Jennifer and Mike have different perceptions of the same incident? 2. What additional information would you need if you
1. Do you think that Ken’s self-esteem had anything to do with his leaving the firm? 2. What do you think Ken’s satisfaction and commitment were to the job and firm he is leaving? How does this
Briefly define the basic motivation process and the two types of needs. What are some examples of each type of need?
Briefly describe control theory and agency theory. What implications can these two theories have for work motivation?
What are the core job characteristics in the Hackman-Oldham model? How do you calculate the motivating potential of a job? How would a professor’s job and a janitor’s job measure up on these
In your own words, describe the theory behind goal setting. What has the research generally found in testing goal setting?
How does goal setting relate to goal orientation, benchmarking, stretch targets, and psychological contracts?
What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic motive? Can both operate at the same time? If so, how?
In your own words, briefly explain Maslow’s theory of motivation. Relate it to work motivation and Herzberg’s model.
What is the major criticism of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation? Do you think it makes a contribution to the better understanding of motivation in the workplace?
In your own words, briefly explain the Porter-Lawler model of motivation. How do performance and satisfaction relate to each other?
Briefly give an example of an inequity that a manager of a small business might experience. How would the manager strive to attain equity in the situation you describe?
How does equity theory relate to procedural justice? Why is this so important to today’s employees?
What is attribution theory? How can locus of control be applied to workers and managers? Discuss.
What two major attribution errors or biases have surfaced? Give an example of each?
Select one of the jobs listed. What motivational theories explain why or why not you would be a good, motivated employee in this job?
Would this job provide you motivation in each of Maslow’s levels? How? How, if at all, would this job relate to Herzberg’s two factors?
Compare these jobs to other companies that post jobs on their websites. Now go to company websites in manufacturing and the public sector in your local area that provide job openings and/or
1. UPS through CIP (Community Internship Program) are trying to inject a new dimension into its corporate culture. What does this cultural changes intend to look like and how can it affect the
1. How does redesign of jobs lead to improved performance and job satisfaction? In your answer include a discussion of figure 6.7. 2. How do the examples in this case relate to the job
1. Explain the “motivation problem” in this organization in terms of the content models of Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg. What are the “other things” that the human resources manager is
1. Can you explain Tom’s, Dick’s and Harry’s motivations by one or more of the work motivation models discussed in this chapter? 2. How, if at all, would equity theory apply to the analysis of
1. Do you think Kelly’s approach to job redesign will work? Rate the core job dimensions from the Hackman-Oldham model of Kelly’s employees before and after he redesigned their jobs. What could
1. Do you think Jackie was right in requesting more specific goals from Kathleen? Why or why not? 2. Do you think the federal government would have been satisfied with the goal-setting approach that
How does positive psychology differ from regular psychology?
What is subjective well-being (SWB)? What were some of the defining characteristics about happiness and how can it be developed attained?
What is an emotion? How do emotions differ from moods? Identify some primary emotions, and give examples of how they may be expressed in the workplace.

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