Research Methods For Arts And Event Management 1st Edition A.J. Veal - Solutions

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Conduct a survey of students using the questionnaire in Figure 10.21 and analyse the data using SPSS, following the analysis procedures outlined in this chapter.
Repeat each of the procedures in exercise 1 using at least one different variable in each procedure.
The major exercise for this chapter is to replicate the analyses presented in the chapter. This can be done by typing the data and variable definition data in Figures 16.8 and 16.9 or downloading the data from the book website and carrying out the instructions for the various procedures in the
What are the two methods for obtaining means in SPSS?
Why might an analyst wish to recode variables?
Outline the characteristics of the two types of multiple response question.
What is the advantage of using an uncoded format for a scale variable in a questionnaire, rather than coding it into groups?
Explain the difference between nominal, ordinal and scale variables and give examples.
Using the issues of a newspaper for one week, provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the coverage of a topic of interest, such as the environment, ethnic minorities, women and cultural activity or overseas locations.
Select an example of a quantitative and a qualitative research report from a recent edition of one of the arts or events journals and consider whether the qualitative research project could have been approached using quantitative methods and whether the quantitative project could have been
Run the NVivo tutorials included with the package, particularly exploring features of NVivo not presented in this chapter.
Download from the book website the three transcript files for the Activity Choice project used above – or type them out from Figure 15.3 – and replicate the coding and analyses presented above. This can be done manually or by using NVivo.
What is the difference between a ‘Node’ and a ‘Source’ in NVivo?
What is the difference between a ‘Node’ and a ‘Document’ in NVivo?
What word-processor procedures might be used in ‘manual’ analysis of qualitative data?
What are the two major activities involved in manual analysis of qualitative data?
Select an activity from a national cultural survey and provide a profile of the activity, indicating the overall level of participation and how participation is related to age, gender, occupation and education (this is similar to exercise 12.1 in Chapter 12, where it was viewed as an example of a
Undertake an exercise similar to Case study 14.4 for a leisure facility for which you can obtain user/member address data.
In relation to exercise 1, what would be the implications of a predicted increase of 15 per cent in the number of people aged 60 and over and a 15 per cent decrease in the number of people aged 25 and under, over the next five years?
Select a cultural activity and a community and, using data from a national leisure participation survey and from the Population Census (see Chapter 7), provide an estimate of the likely demand for the activity in the selected community, using the methodology outlined in Case study 14.2.
Examine the results from a national cultural participation survey or a published survey of visitors to a major event and produce confidence intervals for a number of the key findings.
In the example comparing classical and rock music preferences under ‘Detail of proposed analysis’, above, what would the confidence intervals be if the sample size was 4,000?
Using the reports in exercise 1, produce confidence intervals for a range of percentage statistics occurring in the reports.
Examine two published arts/events research reports or journal articles with empirical content and identify the procedures used to ensure a random sample and how the sample sizes used are justified.
Name three possible approaches to sampling for qualitative research.
What is weighting?
What determines the size of the sample to be used in a study?
What is a confidence interval?
What is multi-stage sampling and why is it used?
What is the opposite of a random/representative sample?
Define random sampling.
Read two of the example case studies listed in the Resources section below and identify the range of data sources used, methods of analysis and how the various types of information are drawn together to draw conclusions.
Compile an activity profile, similar to that in Case study 12.1, using data on another activity and/or another country (possibly from sources identified in Chapter 7).
Consider a successful arts facility or event known to you and outline the elements that might be involved in setting up a case study to explore the reasons for its success.
Five approaches to case study analysis have been suggested in the literature: name and describe these approaches.
What are the five approaches to selecting cases discussed in the chapter?
Discuss the external validity challenges involved in case study research.
Define case study research and cross-case research.
How could a cultural/events organisation set up an experiment to test the effectiveness of two forms of advertising? What elements of the ‘classic’ experimental design would need to be sacrificed? What type of quasi-experiment would this be?
Outline a true experimental research design to test the hypothesis that engagement with the arts is good for people’s health.
Give three examples of contexts where experimental methods have been used in arts/ events research.
Outline two examples of quasi-experimental models and indicate how they deviate from the classic experimental model.
What are the defining characteristics of the experimental method?
Locate a published research report or thesis which includes a questionnaire survey and contains a copy of the questionnaire used (usually in an appendix, see Resources section) and provide a critique of the questionnaire design.
If you are a member of a class/tutorial group, invite members of the group to complete the questionnaire in Case study 10.1A and devise a coding system for the answers to the openended question based on the answers obtained.
Design a survey question on people’s attitudes towards commercial sponsorship of the arts, using three alternative question formats.
Design a questionnaire in relation to one of the studies discussed in Case study 3.1, limiting the questionnaire to ten questions only.
What is the difference between pre-coded and open-ended questions and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the two formats?
What principles should be followed for wording questions in questionnaires?
What measures might be used to increase response rates in mail surveys?
What is quota sampling?
What type of survey methodology would you use to conduct for a sample of 500 of the following:(a) Visitors to a multi-venue cultural festival.(b) Museum volunteers.(c) The users of an arts centre.(d) Visitors to the cultural precinct of a city.(e) People visiting a country to attend a major
Seven types of questionnaire survey are discussed in the chapter: list three of these and outline their characteristics in terms of: respondent or interviewer completion; cost; nature of the sample; possible length of questionnaire; and likely response rate.
What are the merits of questionnaire surveys?
If you are studying with others, arrange yourselves into groups of five or six and organise a focus-group interview, with one person as facilitator, choosing a topic of mutual interest, such as ‘Art for social benefit or art for art’s sake?’ or ‘Events for the community or the
Use the checklist in Figure 9.4 to interview a willing friend or colleague. Assess your performance as an interviewer.
Name three types of biographical research.
In-depth interviews involve an interviewer: what is the equivalent in a focus group?
Outline Whyte’s levels of interviewer intervention in an in-depth/informal interview.
Explain the difference between sequential and recursive approaches to research.
Outline some of the merits of qualitative data.
Choose one of the arts/events journals and identify a study that uses observation exclusively and one that uses observation as part of a mixed-methods approach. Identify what is observed, how it is observed and how the results are analysed and presented.
Use photographs or video to create a visual image of a venue or event that might be used as a prompt for research interviews to explore people’s attitudes towards the venue/event.
In relation to exercise 2: conduct interviews with three or four visitors each hour and ask them how long they have stayed, or expect to stay, at the site. Establish the average length of stay and, using this information and the data from exercise 2, estimate the number of people visiting the site
Establish a counting system to record the number of people present at a cultural venue or event site at hourly intervals during the course of its opening hours. Estimate the number of visitor-hours at the site for the day.
Select an informal cultural venue or event site and position yourself in an unobtrusive location but where you can see what is going on. Over a period of half an hour to an hour, record what happens. Write a report on how the area is used, who it is used by, how many people use it, what conflicts
How can observational research findings assist in regard to weighting of survey data?
In what forms can data from observational research be presented?
What is the difference between spot counting and continuous counting?
Eight situations are described where observation is a suitable, and sometimes the most suitable form of research. Name three of these situations and explain in each case why observation is a suitable research method.
Four types of observational research are identified at the beginning of the chapter. What are they?
No exercises are offered for this chapter, but exercises using secondary data are presented in Chapter 14.
The chapter lists seven types of ‘documentary’ source. What are they?
The chapter lists nine sources of ‘management data’. What are they?
What are the names of the main cultural participation surveys conducted in your country?
What are some of the issues to be considered when using data from cultural participation surveys?
What is cultural mapping and what are its aims?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data analysis?
Choose a research topic and:(a) investigate the literature using a library computerised catalogue and any other electronic database available to you;(b) explore the literature via literary sources, such as reference lists and indexes in general textbooks, journal contents and lists of references in
Compile an inclusive bibliography on a topic of your choice, using the sources outlined in this chapter.
What is a second-hand reference?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the author/date referencing system compared with the footnote/endnote system?
What is the difference between conducting a literature review for the purpose of writing an essay compared with providing the context for a research project?
Name three different sources of bibliographical information and their advantages and limitations.
What are the potential uses of the literature review in research?
Exercises involving the major methods and subsidiary and cross-cutting methods arise in the subsequent chapters.
What does counting heads involve?
What is triangulation and why is it used in research?
Define each of the following:(a) Action research(b) Big data(c) Conjoint analysis(d) Content analysis(e) Coupon surveys/conversion studies(f) The Delphi technique(g) Discourse analysis(h) En route/intercept surveys(i) Experience sampling method (ESM)(j) Historical research(k) Longitudinal
What is ‘scholarship’?
Summarise either Eisner (1998) or Crompton (1995) and assess the extent to which the comments in the paper are applicable in your own community.
Read Christensen’s (1980) critique of Moeller et al. (1980a) and the response of Moeller et al.(1980b) and discuss, including how the issues might play out in an arts/events context.
In interviews with 15-year-olds on arts and events activities, a few of the respondents let you know that they take illegal drugs and indicate indirectly who supplies them. Do you tell anyone or maintain confidentiality? Do you include the finding, anonymously, in your research report?
What is plagiarism?
What are the main possible sources of harm to participants in social science research?
What are the ‘grey areas’ where participation in research may not be voluntary?
What is ‘informed consent’ and what measures must be taken to ensure it?
What are the main ethical issues that arise in research?
Write a case study, similar in structure and length to Case study 3.1, on a topic of your choice.
Draw a concept map for a possible research project on: (a) the effects of American culture in another country of your choice, (b) the effects of the ageing of the population on trends in cultural participation in Western countries, or (c) the impacts of special events on people’s lives.

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