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business
business research methods
Business Research Methods 3rd Edition Alan Bryman, Emma Bell - Solutions
How does the fi eld of business research compare with other areas of the social sciences in terms of the frequency with which it is employed?Approaches to mixed methods research
What are the main elements of the technical and epistemological versions of the debate about quantitative and qualitative research? What are the implications of these two versions of the debate for mixed methods research?The rise of mixed methods research
What are the main elements of the embedded methods and paradigm arguments in terms of their implications for the possibility of mixed methods research?Two versions of the debate about quantitative and qualitative research
What is mixed methods research?The argument against mixed methods research
How far is quantifi cation a feature of qualitative research?
How might Hodson’s approach to the analysis of qualitative data be applied in business and management research?Quantifi cation in qualitative research
How have statistics been used to bestow credibility upon management and business research?
Outline some of the ways in which the quantitative/qualitative contrast may not be as hard and fast as is often supposed.Reciprocal analysis
How far do research methods necessarily carry epistemological and ontological implications?Problems with the quantitative/qualitative contrast
To what extent can some quantitative research be deemed to exhibit the characteristics of constructionism?Epistemological and ontological considerations
To what extent can some quantitative research be deemed to exhibit the characteristics of interpretivism?Quantitative research and constructionism
To what extent can some qualitative research be deemed to exhibit the characteristics of a natural science model?Quantitative research and interpretivism
Are the natural sciences positivistic?
How do you search for specifi c text?
Why might it be useful to display coding stripes?
How do you go about searching for a single node and the intersection of two nodes?
In NVivo, what is the difference between a document and a memo?
What is speed coding?
Do nodes have to be set up in advance?
What is in vivo coding?
What is the difference between a free node and a tree node?
What is a node?
To what extent does CAQDAS help with qualitative data analysis?Learning NVivo
Why is CAQDAS controversial?
What are the main points of difference between CAQDAS and quantitative data analysis software like SPSS?
How feasible is it for researchers to analyse qualitative data collected by another researcher?
To what extent does narrative analysis provide an alternative to data fragmentation?Secondary analysis of qualitative data
To what extent does coding result in excessive fragmentation of data?
What are the main steps in coding?
Is coding associated solely with grounded theory?
What are some of the main criticisms of grounded theory?More on coding
Charmaz has written that theoretical sampling ‘represents a defi ning property of grounded theory’(2000: 519). Why do you think she feels this to be the case?
What is the role of memos in grounded theory?
What is the role of coding in grounded theory and what are the different types of coding?
What are the main ingredients of grounded theory?
What makes it a rigorous method?
What are the main ingredients of analytic induction?
What is meant by suggesting that qualitative data are an ‘attractive nuisance’?General strategies of qualitative data analysis
What is historical analysis and how can it be applied in business research?
What lessons can be learned from the studies by Phillips and Brown and by Forster concerning the potential uses of a hermeneutic approach?
What is a hermeneutic approach to documents?
What is the difference between denotative meaning and connotative meaning?
What is a sign? How central is it to semiotics?
How does qualitative content analysis differ from the kind of content analysis discussed in Chapter 12?
To what extent can documents provide evidence that business researchers can use as data?Interpreting documents
What is the signifi cance of audiences in connection with textual readings by academics?The reality of documents
Can anything be treated as a text?
Name three ways that photographs can be used as a source of data in business research and explain the difference between them.The world as text
Do Internet documents and other virtual outputs raise special problems in terms of assessing them from the point of view of John Scott’s criteria?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?Virtual documents
What kinds of documents are mass media outputs?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?Mass media outputs
What kinds of documents might be obtained from organizational sources?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?Organizational documents
What do the studies by Gephart and Turner suggest in terms of the potential for business researchers to use offi cial documents?
What uses can photographs have in business research?Public documents
What might be the role of personal documents in relation to the life history or biographical method?
How do they fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?
Outline the different kinds of personal documents.
What are John Scott’s four criteria for assessing documents?Personal documents
What is meant by a document?
Are there different interpretations of the document from the one you offer and if so what are they and why have you discounted them?
Can you corroborate the events or accounts presented in the document?
Is the meaning of the document clear?
Is the document typical of its kind and if not is it possible to establish how untypical it is and in what ways?
Why is the notion of intertextuality important to CDA practitioners?
What key questions might a CDA practitioner ask in seeking to reveal the meaning of TQM discourses?
What are the main criticisms made of fi ne-grained approaches?Critical discourse analysis
List some of the main areas of business and management where rhetorical analysis has been applied and explain why rhetorical analysis is useful in understanding them.
How is it that the writing-up of research is in itself a process of narrative construction?Rhetorical analysis
What might be the main purpose of seeking to uncover organizational stories?
What is an interpretative repertoire?Narrative analysis
What is the signifi cance of saying that DA is anti-realist and constructionist?
Why are notational symbols employed in CA?Discourse analysis
What three basic assumptions underpin the CA practitioner’s approach?
In what ways do fi ne-grained approaches to language differ from context-sensitive approaches?Conversation analysis
How far do the greater problems of transcription and diffi culty of analysis undermine the potential of focus groups?
Does the potential for the loss of control over proceedings and group effects damage the potential utility of the focus group as a method?
To what extent are focus groups a naturalistic approach to data collection?Limitations of focus groups
Evaluate the argument that the focus group can be viewed as a feminist method.
Why might it be important to treat group interaction as an important issue when analysing focus group data?The focus group as a feminist method
What might be the advantages and disadvantages of using an interview guide in focus group sessions?Group interaction in focus group sessions
Are there any circumstances in which it might be a good idea to select participants who know each other?
Why is it necessary to record and transcribe focus group sessions?
How involved should the moderator be?
What advantages might the focus group method offer in contrast to an individual qualitative interview?Conducting focus groups
Why might it be useful to distinguish between a focus group and a group interview?Uses of focus groups
Have you tested out any aids that you are going to present to focus group participants (e.g. visual aids, segments of fi lm, case studies)?
Do you have a strategy for dealing with the focus group if the discussion goes off at a tangent?
Do you have a strategy for how far you are going to intervene in the focus group discussion?
Have you devised a strategy for dealing with participants who speak too much and hog the discussion?
Have you devised a strategy for dealing with participants who are reluctant to speak?
Have you devised a strategy for dealing with silences?
Have you thought about how you will present yourself in the session, such as how you will be dressed?
Are you thoroughly familiar with and have you tested your recording or audio-visual equipment?
Are you familiar with the setting(s) in which the interview will take place?
Do your questions offer a real prospect of seeing the world from your interviewees’ point of view rather than imposing your own frame of reference on them?
Have your questions been designed to encourage group interaction and discussion?
Have your questions been designed to elicit refl ective discussions so that participants are not tempted to answer in ‘yes’ or ‘no’ terms?
Are your questions relevant to the people who are participating in the focus groups?
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