New Semester
Started
Get
50% OFF
Study Help!
--h --m --s
Claim Now
Question Answers
Textbooks
Find textbooks, questions and answers
Oops, something went wrong!
Change your search query and then try again
S
Books
FREE
Study Help
Expert Questions
Accounting
General Management
Mathematics
Finance
Organizational Behaviour
Law
Physics
Operating System
Management Leadership
Sociology
Programming
Marketing
Database
Computer Network
Economics
Textbooks Solutions
Accounting
Managerial Accounting
Management Leadership
Cost Accounting
Statistics
Business Law
Corporate Finance
Finance
Economics
Auditing
Tutors
Online Tutors
Find a Tutor
Hire a Tutor
Become a Tutor
AI Tutor
AI Study Planner
NEW
Sell Books
Search
Search
Sign In
Register
study help
business
business research methods
Social Research Methods 5th Canadian Edition Alan Bryman, Edward Bell - Solutions
Imagine that you are reviewing a 50-page transcript of an interview you just did, and you realize that the interview ended up covering many issues that you had no intention of examining before the interview began. Explain how this could strengthen your research, then explain how it could be a
Why is it important to record and transcribe qualitative interviews?
Devise a semi-structured interview guide that could be used to conduct research on what nonIndigenous Canadians think about the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. The guide must cover the topic of racism in Canadian society?
What are the differences between unstructured and semi-structured interviewing?
You’ve decided to use qualitative interviewing to examine the way varsity athletes view their coaches. Explain how using this form of interviewing would be more advantageous than structured interviewing for this topic.
How does qualitative interviewing differ from structured interviewing?
Assess Stacey’s argument regarding the possibility of feminist ethnography, taking into consideration Skeggs’s research (or that of any other feminist ethnographer).
What are the main features of feminist ethnography?
You’ve decided to do an ethnographic study of a women’s shelter that will be shut down in six months because of a lack of government funding. How could you use snowball sampling to gain access to informants?
What is theoretical sampling? How can it be used in ethnographic research?
The start-up described earlier has just found out that it has successfully negotiated a business deal with a major corporation. You take a photograph of several members of the start-up at the meeting where the deal was announced to all employees.Would the photograph provide an unproblematic image
How can visual materials be used in ethnography?
Assume you are doing the ethnography of the start-up mentioned earlier, and have observed that no one in the company is over the age of 25.Write an analytic memo that explains the significance of that fact.
Why are field notes important for ethnographers?What are the main types of field notes and why is it useful to distinguish between them?
With regard to the ethnography of the tech startup mentioned earlier, outline the benefits and drawbacks to approaching this research as a complete participant, a participant-as-observer, an observer-as-participant, and a complete observer.
How does it happen that some ethnographers overidentify with the people they are observing? What are some consequences of over -identification?
Assume that you are doing the ethnographic study of the start-up mentioned above and have been present in the company for several weeks, but the CEO refuses to speak to you. What could you do to ensure that your study will produce enough information to provide a meaningful analysis of the
Assume that you have decided to do an ethnographic study of a tech start-up company that has just arrived in your community. Explain how you could gain access to the company, how you would approach potential informants, and how you would interact with members of the company once ongoing access was
“Covert ethnography can make it easier to gain access to certain settings and therefore has much to recommend it.” Explain how this may be true, then outline the shortcomings of covert research.
The claim is sometimes made that quantitative research focuses on behaviour while qualitative work is primarily concerned with meaning. How might quantitative researchers investigate issues of meaning, and qualitative practitioners study behaviour?
“The difference between quantitative and qualitative research revolves entirely around the concern with numbers in the former and with words in the latter.” To what extent is this statement accurate?Explain.
Sometimes qualitative studies are criticized because they are difficult to replicate. Explain why critics see replication as a problem, then make the case that this criticism reflects a misunderstanding of methods and purposes of qualitative research.
What are some of the main criticisms of qualitative research? Are those criticisms valid? Explain.
Why would it be important to provide a rich description of the context in which new immigrants to Canada find themselves in order to understand poverty in immigrant communities?
Explain how respondent validation might be used in a study of friendship networks among teenagers working at a fast-food restaurant, and what difficulties might arise in using this technique.
Why do qualitative researchers reject the notions of validity and reliability used in quantitative research?
Explain how a researcher could use grounded theory research to investigate how feelings of guilt arise among victims of childhood sexual abuse?
Is the approach to theory in qualitative research primarily inductive or deductive? Explain.
Imagine that you want to do a qualitative research project on homelessness in your city. Come up with a general research question that could be the starting point for your inquiry ?
Do research questions have the same characteristics and significance in qualitative research as in quantitative research? Explain.
Your results indicate that the chi-square statistic for the variables “gender” and “highest level of education achieved” has a significance level of p = .12. What does that mean?
What does the chi-square test achieve?
What does it mean to say that an eta of .42 is statistically significant at p < .05?
What does “statistical significance” mean and how does it differ from “importance” or “practical significance”?
You have just found out that people who watch violent movies are more likely to commit a violent crime than people who do not watch those movies. Can you conclude from this that watching violent movies causes people to commit violent crimes? Explain.
Can one infer causality from bivariate analysis?Explain.
You have just gathered data that include a variable measuring the participants’ ethnic identity.Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate for this variable? Explain.
What is an outlier? How does the presence of an outlier affect the mean and the range?
Imagine answers to the following questions in an interview survey. Which of the three types of variable would each generate (nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio)?
Define each of the three types of variable outlined in this chapter (nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio), and provide an example of each one.
You are using a variable that is measured with a five-point Likert scale. What codes could be used to designate missing data? Explain why they would be appropriate.
What are missing data and how do they arise?
You just completed a study on Islamophobia in Canada using appropriate sampling techniques.For how long can you consider your results to be applicable to Canadian society? Explain.
Besides selecting a probability sample of adequate size, what factors should be taken into consideration before generalizing the results of a study to a particular population?
Which form of non-probability sample is likely to be the least useful if your goal is to market a new type of cellphone? Which is likely the most useful?Explain.
What are the main kinds of non-probability sample, and how are they selected?
Explain why non-response bias may be a more important consideration in sampling than the response rate.
You want to conduct an interview survey of 500 people in Winnipeg that would give you findings that are generalizable to all adults in the city.What type of sample should you select? Why?
What are the main types of probability sample?How is each one selected?
A researcher positions herself on a street corner and asks every fifth person who walks by for an interview until she has a sample of 250. Would the results be generalizable to any specific population? Explain.
Why does probability sampling offer a greater chance of selecting a representative sample than non-probability sampling?
You have been asked to organize your high school reunion this year, and want to select a sample of your classmates to pick a venue for the event. How could you create a sampling frame and select a random sample of 50 people?
What do each of the following terms mean: “population”; “probability sampling”; “sampling frame”;and “representative sample”?
Once all groups have presented, each group is given some time to assess and critique the other groups. Each group then presents its critique to the rest of the class, with a general discussion to follow.
The instructor gives a brief synopsis of the field experiment conducted by Rosenhan (1973). The class is then divided into three groups. Group 1 must argue (a) that the study was ethical and (b)that the methodology used was superior to any other methodology that could have been used to conduct the
Divide the class into small groups. Each group is to come up with a detailed mock proposal for a structured observation study that involves gaining access to a specific location, group, or organization, for example, a mental hospital, school playground, casino, and so on. The proposal must include
Assume you are using structured observation to do a study of people participating in a protest march.Your observation schedule includes categories of behaviour that are peaceful in nature, and others that are violent. Explain why in this study it may be crucial to consider the intentions that lie
Can structured observation ever reveal the intentions that lie behind the observed behaviour?Explain.
What ethical issues should you consider if you do a field experiment that involves posing as a confused traveller who does not speak English or French at a busy Canadian airport?
What are field experiments and what ethical concerns do they pose?
What are reactive effects? How might reactive effects be problematic in structured observation research that is used to examine how parents treat their children while they shop in a large department store?
How do the considerations of reliability and validity in structured observation mirror those encountered in survey research?
Explain how time sampling could be used to make observations of people as they interact while parking their cars in a busy parking lot.
Discuss three different strategies for observing and recording behaviour in structured observation.
Construct an observation schedule containing five items that could be used to observe fan behaviour at a hockey game, and a second schedule to be used for observing people attending a figure skating competition. Then explain how and why they are different.
What goals and considerations should be kept in mind when constructing an observation schedule?
You want to observe children in an elementary school playground to examine the extent to which they exhibit aggressive behaviours and the conditions that may lead to aggression. Explain the pros and cons of using structured versus unstructured observation to conduct this research.
Under what circumstances might structured observation be a better way to gather data than questionnaires or structured interviews? Explain.
The class is divided up into small groups. Each group is asked to come up with 10 survey questions designed to measure attitudes toward a controversial topic (e.g., assisted suicide, gay marriage, animal rights, etc.) and to gather basic sociodemographic data. Once that has been done, each group
The instructor reads each question, one at a time, from Box 5.5. After each question is read, the class is asked to point out its flaws. All members of the class are then given two minutes to come up with a revised version of the question. Individual students are called on to produce their revised
Divide the class into an even number of small groups.Each group is to compose a 10-item structured interview schedule designed to address the following research question: “Does the use of illegal drugs have an impact on university students’ grades?” Each group is then paired with another
Students work in pairs for 15 minutes to design an opening statement to be given to prospective participants in a study on shoplifting committed by university students. All relevant details are to be included—e.g., how the potential respondents were selected, how confidentiality will be
Assume that you will be conducting a secondary analysis of survey data on the topic of gender differences in attitudes toward same-sex marriage.List three variables that may not be part of an existing data set on this topic, and explain why you think they may not be included in an existing data set.
What is secondary analysis? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
What advantages do online surveys have over traditional research methods for collecting data?
Assume your professor just asked you to fill out a questionnaire in class that will be used in a published research paper. What ethical issues are involved in this situation?
What advantages do questionnaires have over structured interviews? What disadvantages do they have compared to structured interviews?
Assume you have unlimited time and money to do an interview study on gender differences in career aspirations. Would it be better to do in-person interviews or telephone interviews? Explain.
In what circumstances is it preferable to conduct structured interviews with more than one interviewer?
In an interview study examining sexist attitudes, would it be best to use only female interviewers, only male interviewers, or both? Explain?
Why might a survey researcher prefer a structured interview to an unstructured one?
Compose an open question that could be used in a pilot study to generate closed questions on the topic of what people find attractive in a romantic partner.
Why is it important to pre-test questions?
Make up a set of vignette questions to examine an addiction of your choice.
In what circumstances are vignette questions especially appropriate?
Name and define three kinds of response set, providing an original example of each one.
What are response sets and why is it important to know about them?
Construct three survey questions to illustrate how question order may significantly affect answers.Place them in two different orders, and explain how placing them in a different order may make a difference in how people respond to them.
Explain why question order may significantly affect answers.
Compose a closed question to measure attitudes toward gun control, using a seven-point Likert scale.
What are the main types of question likely to be used in a structured interview or questionnaire?
Compose a closed question to measure people’s attitudes toward recycling, then list possible shortcomings of the question.
Why are closed questions preferred to open ones in survey research?
The instructor engages the class as a whole in a discussion of measurement validity by:a. Asking for a nominal definition of the psychological concept of “depression.” Student feedback is sought until a working definition of depression is achieved.
Divide the class into groups of seven or more.Each group is to do the following:a. Come up with a causal statement that involves two variables, for example, “Being a victim of racism affects one’s self-esteem.”b. Provide a nominal and an operational definition for each variable (in this
You are using surveys to conduct research on alcohol consumption among stay-at-home moms.Might there be a gap between stated and actual behaviour on this topic? Why? What could you do to reduce or eliminate the gap?
Explain how the techniques used by quantitative researchers may produce findings that are not applicable to everyday life.
Assume you have to design a study that will examine why some people vote in national elections while others do not. Name two independent variables that would be appropriate to use in this study. What steps can be taken to ensure that your findings will be applicable to some larger population, i.e.,
Outline the main goals of quantitative researchers. What is to be gained by achieving them?
How might a researcher measure the concept “satisfaction with university student housing”? How could the test–retest method be used to establish reliability? What drawbacks might there be to the use of this method in the example you have provided?
Showing 200 - 300
of 1984
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Last
Step by Step Answers
Get 50% OFF
Claim Now
